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Executions
beheaded
On 31 May 1076 Waltheof Northumbria 1st Earl Northampton, 1st Earl Huntingdon -1076 was beheaded at St Gile's Hill, Winchester, Hampshire . His daughter Maud Northumbria 3rd Countess Huntingdon, Countess Northampton succeeded as 3rd Earl Huntingdon (1C 1065) .
On 18 Jan 1256 Maria Reginar Duchess Bavaria 1226-1256 (30) was beheaded having been accused of adultery by her husband Louis "Strict" Wittelsbach II Duke Upper Bavaria 1229-1294 (26) although there was no proof.
On 12 Aug 1270 Alan Zouche 1203-1270 (67) was beheaded at Winchester, Hampshire .
In 1276 Teobaldo Visconti 1230–1276 (46) was beheaded
On 19 Jun 1312 Piers Gaveston 1st Earl Cornwall 1284-1312 (28) was taken to Blacklow Hill, Leek Wooton, Worcestershire where he was beheaded . Blacklow Hill, Leek Wooton, Worcestershire being outside of the Guy Beauchamp 10th Earl Warwick 1272-1315 (40) 's lands.Gaveston's body was left where it lay eventually being recovered by Dominican friars who took it to Oxford, Oxfordshire .
On 22 Mar 1322 Thomas Plantagenet 2nd Earl Leicester, 2nd Earl Lancaster, 5th Earl Salisbury, 4th Earl Lincoln 1278-1322 (44) was beheaded at Pontefract Castle, Pontefract, South Yorkshire, Yorkshire .
Trial and Execution of Lord Badlesmere
On
14 Apr 1322
Bartholomew Badlesmere 1st Baron Badlesmere 1275-1322 (46)
was tried by
Henry Cobham 1st Baron Cobham 1260-1339 (62)
at
Canterbury, Kent
.
Sentenced to death
Bartholomew Badlesmere 1st Baron Badlesmere 1275-1322 (46)
was drawn for three miles behind a horse to
Blean, Canterbury, Kent
, where he held property, where he was
beheaded
. His head was displayed on the
Burgh Gate, Canterbury, Kent
at Canterbury and the rest of his body left hanging at
Blean, Canterbury, Kent
. He was buried at
Whitefriars, Canterbury, Kent
. His son Giles Badlesmere 2nd Baron Badlesmere 1314-1338 (7)
succeeded as
2nd
Baron Badlesmere
.
Elizabeth Montagu Baroness Badlesmere, Baroness Despencer 1324-1359 (-2)
by marriage
Baroness Badlesmere
.
On 17 Nov 1326 Edmund Fitzalan 9th Earl Arundel 1285-1326 (41) was beheaded with a blunt sword requiring twenty-two strokes at Hereford, Herefordshire . His son Richard Fitzalan 10th Earl Arundel, 8th Earl Surrey 1306-1376 (20) succeeded as 10th Earl Arundel (Sussex) .
Execution of Edmund of Woodstock
On 19 Mar 1330 the King's uncle Edmund Plantagenet 1st Earl Kent 1301-1330 (28) was beheaded at Winchester Castle, Winchester, Hampshire . His son Edmund Plantagenet 2nd Earl Kent 1326-1331 (4) succeeded as 2nd Earl Kent (5C 1321) . The executioner was a convicted latrine cleaner who was also facing the death penalty; no-one else would undertake the task. Edmund had been convicted of plotting against the court believing his brother Edward II was still alive. It later emerged the plot had been created by Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March 1287-1330 (42) to entrap Edmund Plantagenet 1st Earl Kent 1301-1330 (28) . Edward III King England 1312-1377 (17) was unable to show leniency risking complicity in the plot.
On
14 Jun 1381
the rebels gained access to the
Tower Hill, City of London
capturing
Joan "Fair Maid of Kent" Plantagenet Princess Wales 1328-1385 (52)
, the future
Henry IV King England 1367-1413 (14)
,
Joan Holland Duchess York 1380-1484 (1)
and Simon Sudbury Archbishop Canterbury 1316-1381 (65)
.
Simon Sudbury Archbishop Canterbury 1316-1381 (65)
was
beheaded
at
Tower Hill, City of London
. He was buried at
Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent
.
On 15 Jun 1381 John Cavendish 1346-1381 (35) was captured at Church of St Mary, Cavendish, Suffolk during the Peasant's Revolt . He (35) was beheaded in the Market Place in Bury St Edmunds .
On 17 Aug 1390 Robert Hales 1325-1390 (65) was beheaded at Tower Hill, City of London
Arrest and Execution of Richard Fitzalan 9th Earl Surrey, 11th Earl Arundel
On
21 Sep 1397
Richard Fitzalan 9th Earl Surrey, 11th Earl Arundel 1346-1397 (51)
was tried at
Westminster
.
He (51)
was
beheaded
at
Tower Hill, City of London
immediately thereafter. His son Thomas Fitzalan 10th Earl Surrey, 12th Earl Arundel 1381-1415 (15)
succeeded as
10th
Earl Surrey (1C 1088)
, 12th
Earl Arundel (Sussex)
On 25 Mar 1399 Nicholas Brembre -1399 was beheaded . He was buried at Christ Church Greyfriars, Newgate Street, City of London .
Execution of Richard II's Favourites
On 29 Jul 1399 William Scrope 1st Earl Wiltshire 1350-1399 (49) , Henry Green 1347-1399 (52) and John Bussy -1399 were beheaded at Bristol Castle, Bristol, Gloucestershire .
On
07 Jan 1400
at
Cirencester, Gloucestershire
Ralph Lumley 1st Baron Lumley 1360-1400 (40)
was
beheaded
by the townspeople following an unsuccessful attempt to seize the town.
Thomas Holland 1st Duke Surrey 1374-1400 (26)
was
beheaded
. His brother
Edmund Holland 4th Earl Kent 1384-1408 (16)
succeeded as
4th
Earl Kent (6C 1360)
, 5th
Baron Holland
.
John Montagu 3rd Earl Salisbury 1350-1400 (50)
was captured, tried and
beheaded
.
Bernard Brocas 1354-1400 (46)
was captured.
On 13 Jan 1400 Thomas Despencer 1st Earl Gloucester 1373-1400 (26) was beheaded at Bristol, Gloucestershire . .
On 05 Feb 1400 Bernard Brocas 1354-1400 (46) was beheaded at Tyburn, Middlesex . .
On
21 Jul 1403
Henry IV King England 1367-1413 (36)
, with his son the future
Henry V King England 1386-1422 (16)
, defeated the rebel army of
Henry "Hotspur" Percy 1364-1403 (39)
at the
Battle of Shrewsbury
at the site now known as
Battlefield, Shrewsbury, Shropshire
.
Henry V King England 1386-1422 (16)
took an arrow to the side of his face leaving him severely scarred.
John Stanley 1350-1414 (53)
was wounded in the throat.
Thomas Strickland 1367-1455 (36)
fought and was awarded £38 and two of the rebel Henry's horses.
Richard Beauchamp 13th Earl Warwick 1382-1439 (21)
fought for the King.
Walter Blount 1348-1403 (55)
, the King's Standard Bearer, was killed
by Archibald Douglas 1st Duke Touraine 1372-1424 (31)
.
Edmund Cockayne 1356-1403 (47)
was killed
.
Edmund Stafford 5th Earl Stafford 1378-1403 (25)
was killed
. His son
Humphrey Stafford 1st Duke Buckingham 1402-1460
succeeded as
6th
Earl Stafford (1C 1351)
, 7th
Baron Stafford (1C 1299)
.
Anne Neville Duchess Buckingham
by marriage
Baroness Stafford (1C 1299)
.
Hugh Shirley 1351-1403 (52)
was killed
; he was one of four knights dressed as
Henry IV King England 1367-1413 (36)
.
Of the rebels,
Henry "Hotspur" Percy 1364-1403 (39)
, Madog Kynaston 1360-1403 (43)
and
John Clifton -1403
were killed
.
Thomas Percy 1st Earl Worcester 1343-1403 (60)
was
beheaded
after the battle.
Richard Vernon 1355-1403 (48)
was
hanged
.
On
08 Jun 1405
before a great crowd at
York, Yorkshire
...
Richard Scrope Archbishop York 1350-1405 (55)
was
beheaded
. Possibly the only execution of an Archbishop that occurred in England.
Thomas Mowbray 4th Earl Norfolk, 2nd Earl Nottingham 1385-1405 (19)
was
beheaded
. His brother John Mowbray 2nd Duke Norfolk 1392-1432 (13)
succeeded as
5th
Earl Norfolk (3C 1312)
, 3rd
Earl Nottingham (2C 1383)
, 8th
Baron Mowbray (1C 1283)
, 9th
Baron Segrave (1C 1295)
.
On 20 Jul 1405 John Fauconberg -1405 was beheaded in Durham, County Durham
On 02 Aug 1415 Thomas Grey 1384-1415 (30) was beheaded at North Gate, Southampton, Hampshire for his role in the Southampton Plot
On
05 Aug 1415
Henry Scrope 3rd Baron Scrope Masham 1373-1415 (42)
and
Richard York 1st Earl Cambridge 1385-1415 (30)
were
beheaded
at the
North Gate aka Bargate
for their roles in the
Southampton Plot
.
Richard 3rd Duke York 1411-1460 (3)
succeeded as
2nd
Earl Cambridge (3C 1414)
.
John Scrope 4th Baron Scrope Masham 1388-1455 (27)
succeeded as
4th
Baron Scrope Masham
.
On 24 May 1425 Murdoch Stewart 2nd Duke Albany 1362-1425 (63) , Walter Stewart 1394-1425 (31) , Alexander Stewart -1425 and Duncan Lennox 8th Earl Lennox 1345-1425 (80) were beheaded at Heading Hill, Stirling Castle, Stirling
In 1437 Walter Stewart 1st Earl Atholl 1360-1437 (77) was beheaded at Edinburgh Castle
On 24 Nov 1440 William Crichton -1454 arranged a dinner of reconciliation at the Great Hall, Edinburgh Castle.During the course of the dinner the young brothers William Douglas 3rd Duke Touraine 1424-1440 (16) and David Douglas 1430-1440 (10) was beheaded in front of the young James II King Scotland 1430-1460 (10) .
In 1447 Gruffudd Vychan 1395-1447 (52) was beheaded at Powis Castle, Radnorshire, Welsh March
On 01 May 1450 William "Jackanapes" Pole 1st Duke Suffolk 1396-1450 (53) was beheaded at sea whilst travelling into exile his ship having been intercepted by the Nicholas of the Tower. On 01 May 1450 His son John Pole 2nd Duke Suffolk 1442-1492 (7) succeeded as 2nd Marquess Suffolk (1C) , 5th Earl Suffolk (3C 1385) . Margaret Beaufort Countess Richmond 1443-1509 (6) by marriage Marchioness Suffolk (1C) .
Around 1510 Meynnart Wewyck 1499-1525 (10) . Portrait of Margaret Beaufort Countess Richmond 1443-1509 in the Masters Lodge, St John's College, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire .Commissioned by John Fisher Bishop of Rochester 1469-1535 (40) . Note the Beaufort Arms on the wall beneath which is the Beafort Portcullis. Repeated in the window.She is wearing widow's clothes, or possibly that of a convent; Gabled Headress with Lappets . On 29 Mar 2019 , St John's College, Cambridge , which she founded, announced the portrait was original work by Wewyck.
On 29 Jul 1460 Thomas Browne Lord Treasurer Lord Chancellor 1402-1460 (58) was beheaded at Tyburn, Middlesex
On
30 Dec 1460
the Lancastrian army took their revenge for the defeats of the First Battle of St Albans and the Battle of Northampton during the
Battle of Wakefield
at
Sandal Castle, Wakefield, Yorkshire
. The Lancastrian army was commanded by
Henry Holland 3rd Duke Exeter 1430-1475 (30)
and
Henry Percy 3rd Earl Northumberland 1421-1461 (39)
, and included John Courtenay 15th Earl Devon 1435-1471 (25)
and William Gascoigne 1430-1463 (30)
, both knighted, and
James Butler 1st Earl Wiltshire, 5th Earl Ormonde 1420-1461 (40)
,
John "Butcher" Clifford 9th Baron Clifford 1435-1461 (25)
,
John Neville 1st Baron Neville Raby 1410-1461 (50)
,
Thomas Ros 9th Baron Ros Helmsley 1427-1464 (33)
and
Thomas St Leger 1440-1483 (20)
.
The Yorkist army was heavily defeated.
Richard 3rd Duke York 1411-1460 (49)
was killed
. His son
Edward IV King England 1442-1483 (18)
succeeded as
4th
Duke York (1C 1385)
, 9th
Earl Ulster
, 3rd
Earl Cambridge (3C 1414)
.
Thomas Neville 1430-1460 (29)
,
Thomas Harrington 1400-1460 (60)
, William Bonville 6th Baron Harington 1442-1460 (18)
and
Edward Bourchier -1460
were killed
.Following the battle
Richard Neville 5th Earl Salisbury 1400-1460 (60)
was
beheaded
by
Thomas "Bastard of Exeter" Holland -1460
. William Bonville 1420-1460 (40)
was
executed
.
Thomas Parr 1407-1464 (53)
fought in the Yorkist army.
Following the battle
Edmund York 1st Earl Rutland 1443-1460 (17)
was
executed
by
John "Butcher" Clifford (25)
by which he gained his sobriquet "Butcher".
On
02 Feb 1461
at the
Battle of Mortimer's Cross
at
Wigmore, Herefordshire
the future
Edward IV King England 1442-1483 (18)
commanded the Yorkist forces including
William Hastings 1st Baron Hastings 1431-1483 (30)
, John Wenlock 1st Baron Wenlock 1400-1471 (61)
,
John Tuchet 6th Baron Audley Heighley, 3rd Baron Tuchet 1426-1490 (35)
,
John Savage 1444-1492
and Roger Vaughan 1410-1471 (51)
.In the Lancastrian army
Owen Tudor 1400-1461 (61)
(captured by Roger Vaughan 1410-1471 (51)
) and his son
Jasper Tudor 1st Duke Bedford 1431-1495 (29)
fought as well as
James Butler 1st Earl Wiltshire, 5th Earl Ormonde 1420-1461 (40)
.
Gruffydd ap Nicholas Deheubarth 1393-1461 (68)
was killed
.
Following the battle
Owen Tudor 1400-1461 (61)
was
beheaded
in the
Market Place, Hereford, Herefordshire
. He was buried thereafter in
Greyfriars Church, Hereford, Herefordshire
in a tomb paid for by his son
David Owen 1459-1535 (2)
On
18 Feb 1461
the Lancastrian army defeated the Yorkist army at
Second Battle of St Albans
and rescued
Henry VI King England, II King France 1421-1471 (39)
.The Lancastrian army was commanded by
Henry Holland 3rd Duke Exeter 1430-1475 (30)
and included
Henry Percy 3rd Earl Northumberland 1421-1461 (39)
, John Mowbray 3rd Duke Norfolk 1415-1461 (45)
,
Henry Grey 7th Baron Grey Codnor 1435-1496 (26)
and
Richard Welles 7th Baron Willoughby Eresby, 7th Baron Welles 1428-1470 (33)
.
Thomas Ros 9th Baron Ros Helmsley 1427-1464 (33)
, William Tailboys 7th Baron Kyme 1415-1464 (46)
,
John Talbot 3rd Earl Shrewsbury, 3rd Earl Waterford 1448-1473 (12)
and
Thomas Tresham 1420-1471 (41)
were knighted.
The Yorkist army included
Richard "Kingmaker" Neville 16th Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury 1428-1471 (33)
, William Fitzalan 16th Earl Arundel 1417-1487 (43)
, John Wenlock 1st Baron Wenlock 1400-1471 (61)
and
Henry Bourchier 2nd Count Eu, 1st Earl Essex 1404-1483 (57)
.
John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu 1431-1471 (30)
was captured.
Robert Poynings 1419-1461 (42)
and
James Luttrell Baron Dunster 1427-1461 (34)
were killed
.
John Grey 1432-1461 (29)
was killed
fighting for Lancaster.A death that was to have far reaching consequences; his widow
Elizabeth Woodville Queen Consort England 1437-1492 (24)
subsequently married
Edward IV King England 1442-1483 (18)
.
During the battle William Bonville 1st Baron Bonville 1392-1461
and Thomas Kyriell 1396-1461 (65)
were assigned to the protection of the
King Henry VI (39)
. After the battle both were beheaded against all decent laws of battle.
William Bonville 1st Baron Bonville 1392-1461
.
Cecily Bonville Marchioness Dorset 1460-1529
succeeded as
7th
Baron Harington
, 2nd
Baron Bonville
Thomas Kyriell 1396-1461 (65)
was
beheaded
.
After
21 Apr 1509
Thomas Wriothesley Garter King of Arms -1534 (21)
made a drawing of the death of Henry VII (he wasn't present). The drawing shows those present and in some cases provides their arms by which they can be identified. From top left clockwise:
Richard Foxe Bishop 1448-1528 (61)
Two tonsured clerics
George Hastings 1st Earl Huntingdon 1487-1544 (22)
Richard Weston of Sutton Place 1465-1541 (44)
Richard Clement of Ingham Mote 1482-1538 (27)
Matthew Baker Governor Jersey -1513
John Sharpe of Coggleshall in Essex -1518
Physician holding urine bottle
William Tyler
Hugh Denys
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
closing the King's eyes.There is doubt as to whether the person shown is
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
given his age of around nineteen at the King's death. He appears to be holding a Staff of Office although sources state he wasn't appointed Gentleman Usher, in which role he would have a Staff of Office, until Henry VIII's Coronation in Jun 1509.
The Arms below him are Quarterly 1 Lozengy argent & gules (FitzWilliam); 2 Arms of
John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu 1431-1471
3 Quartered 1 possibly Plantagent with white border ie Holland 2 and 3 Tibetot, 4 Unknown, overall a star for difference indicating third son.
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
was his father's third son, and his mother was
Lucy Neville 1468-1534 (41)
daughter of
John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu 1431-1471
. It appears correct that the person represented is
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
.
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
was the childhood companion of
Henry VIII (17)
.
Physician holding urine bottle
On
29 Mar 1461
the
Battle of Towton
was a decisive victory for
Edward IV King England 1442-1483 (18)
bringing to an end the first war of the Wars of the Roses.Said to be the bloodiest battle on English soil 28000 were killed mainly during the rout that followed the battle.
The Yorkist army was commanded by
Edward IV King England 1442-1483 (18)
with
John Mowbray 3rd Duke Norfolk 1415-1461 (45)
,
Henry Holland 3rd Duke Exeter 1430-1475 (30)
,
William Neville 1st Earl Kent 1405-1463 (56)
,
William Hastings 1st Baron Hastings 1431-1483 (30)
(knighted),
Walter Blount 1st Baron Mountjoy 1416-1474 (45)
,
Henry Bourchier 2nd Count Eu, 1st Earl Essex 1404-1483 (57)
,
John Scrope 5th Baron Scrope Bolton 1437-1498 (23)
and John Wenlock 1st Baron Wenlock 1400-1471 (61)
.
The Lancastrian army suffered significant casualties including
Richard Percy 1426-1461 (35)
,
Ralph Bigod 1410-1461 (50)
,
John Bigod -1461
,
Robert Cromwell 1390-1461 (71)
,
Ralph Dacre 1st Baron Dacre Gilsland 1412-1461 (49)
,
Ralph Eure 1412-1461 (49)
,
John Neville 1st Baron Neville Raby 1410-1461 (51)
,
John Beaumont 1428-1461 (33)
, Thomas Dethick 1400-1461 (61)
,
Everard Simon Digby -1461
, William Plumpton -1461
and
William Welles 1410-1461 (51)
who were killed
.
Henry Percy 3rd Earl Northumberland 1421-1461 (39)
was killed
. His son
Henry Percy 4th Earl Northumberland 1449-1489 (12)
succeeded as
4th
Earl Northumberland (1C 1377)
.
Maud Herbert Countess Northumberland 1458-1485 (3)
by marriage
Countess Northumberland (1C 1377)
.
Lionel Welles 6th Baron Welles 1406-1461 (55)
was killed
. His son
Richard Welles 7th Baron Willoughby Eresby, 7th Baron Welles 1428-1470 (33)
succeeded as
7th
Baron Welles
.
Those who fought for the Lancaster included William Tailboys 7th Baron Kyme 1415-1464 (46)
,
John Dudley 1st Baron Dudley 1400-1487 (60)
,
William Norreys 1441-1507 (20)
,
Thomas Grey 1st Baron Grey Richemont 1418-1461 (43)
,
Robert Hungerford 3rd Baron Hungerford 1431-1464 (30)
,
John Talbot 3rd Earl Shrewsbury, 3rd Earl Waterford 1448-1473 (12)
,
Richard Welles 7th Baron Willoughby Eresby, 7th Baron Welles 1428-1470 (33)
,
Richard Woodville 1st Earl Rivers 1405-1469 (56)
,
James Butler 1st Earl Wiltshire, 5th Earl Ormonde 1420-1461 (40)
,
John Butler 6th Earl Ormonde 1422-1476 (39)
,
William Beaumont 2nd Viscount Beaumont 1438-1507 (22)
and
Thomas Tresham 1420-1471 (41)
. Cardinal John Morton 1420-1500 (41)
were captured.
On
03 Apr 1461
Thomas Courtenay 14th Earl Devon 1432-1461 (29)
was
beheaded
at
York, Yorkshire
. His brother John Courtenay 15th Earl Devon 1435-1471 (26)
succeeded as
15th
Earl Devon (2C Courtenay)
.
Laura Bourchier Countess Devon 1440-
by marriage
as
Earl Devon (2C Courtenay)
.
Robert Dethick 1375-1461 (86)
was killed
.
John Heron of Ford Castle Northumberland 1416-1461 (45)
was killed
.
Thomas Grey 1st Baron Grey Richemont 1418-1461 (43)
was
executed
Around
1574
George Gower 1540-1596 (34)
. Portrait of
Charles Somerset 1587-1665 (-13)
. Armorial top left quarterly 1&4
with a yellow band top and bottom 2 Unknown Arms 3
his great x 4 grandfather
Richard Woodville 1st Earl Rivers 1405-1469
.
On 01 May 1461 James Butler 1st Earl Wiltshire, 5th Earl Ormonde 1420-1461 (40) was beheaded at Newcastle on Tyne, Northumberland . His brother John Butler 6th Earl Ormonde 1422-1476 (39) succeeded as 6th Earl Ormonde (1C 1328) .
Before
20 Feb 1462
John Vere 12th Earl Oxford 1408-1462 (53)
, his son
Aubrey Vere -1462
and Thomas Tuddenham 1401-1462 (60)
were arrested for treason against
King Edward IV (19)
.They were subsequently tried by
John "Butcher of England" Tiptoft 1st Earl Worcester 1427-1470 (34)
.
On
20 Feb 1462
Aubrey Vere -1462
was
executed
at
Tower Hill
.
On
23 Feb 1462
William Tyrrell 1408-1462 (54)
, John Montgomery -1462
and Thomas Tuddenham 1401-1462 (60)
were
beheaded
at
Tower Hill
.
On
26 Feb 1462
John Vere 12th Earl Oxford 1408-1462 (53)
was
hanged
at
Tower Hill
. His son
John Vere 13th Earl Oxford 1442-1513 (19)
succeeded as
13th
Earl Oxford (2C 1141)
.
In 1463 John Douglas 1433-1463 (30) was beheaded .
On
15 May 1464
a Yorkist army commanded by
John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu 1431-1471 (33)
defeated a Lancastrian army commanded by
Henry Beaufort 3rd Duke Somerset 1436-1464 (28)
at
Hexham, Northumberland
during the
Battle of Hexham
.
Those fighting for York included
John Stafford 1st Earl Wiltshire 1427-1473 (36)
,
John Scrope 5th Baron Scrope Bolton 1437-1498 (26)
and
Richard Welles 7th Baron Willoughby Eresby, 7th Baron Welles 1428-1470 (36)
.
Of the Lancastrian army William Tailboys 7th Baron Kyme 1415-1464 (49)
fought.
Robert Hungerford 3rd Baron Hungerford 1431-1464 (33)
and
Philip Wentworth 4th Baron Despencer 1424-1464 (40)
were both captured.
Henry Beaufort 3rd Duke Somerset 1436-1464 (28)
was
beheaded
following the battle. His brother
Edmund Beaufort 4th Duke Somerset 1439-1471 (25)
succeeded as
4th
Duke Somerset (2C 1448)
.
On
18 May 1464
Robert Hungerford 3rd Baron Hungerford 1431-1464 (33)
was
executed
at
Newcastle on Tyne, Northumberland
.
Philip Wentworth 4th Baron Despencer 1424-1464 (40)
was
executed
at
Middleham, Yorkshire
. His son
Henry Wentworth 5th Baron Despencer 1448-1501 (16)
succeeded as
5th
Baron Despencer (5C 1387)
.
After
21 Apr 1509
Thomas Wriothesley Garter King of Arms -1534 (21)
made a drawing of the death of Henry VII (he wasn't present). The drawing shows those present and in some cases provides their arms by which they can be identified. From top left clockwise:
Richard Foxe Bishop 1448-1528 (61)
Two tonsured clerics
George Hastings 1st Earl Huntingdon 1487-1544 (22)
Richard Weston of Sutton Place 1465-1541 (44)
Richard Clement of Ingham Mote 1482-1538 (27)
Matthew Baker Governor Jersey -1513
John Sharpe of Coggleshall in Essex -1518
Physician holding urine bottle
William Tyler
Hugh Denys
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
closing the King's eyes.There is doubt as to whether the person shown is
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
given his age of around nineteen at the King's death. He appears to be holding a Staff of Office although sources state he wasn't appointed Gentleman Usher, in which role he would have a Staff of Office, until Henry VIII's Coronation in Jun 1509.
The Arms below him are Quarterly 1 Lozengy argent & gules (FitzWilliam); 2 Arms of
John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu 1431-1471
3 Quartered 1 possibly Plantagent with white border ie Holland 2 and 3 Tibetot, 4 Unknown, overall a star for difference indicating third son.
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
was his father's third son, and his mother was
Lucy Neville 1468-1534 (41)
daughter of
John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu 1431-1471
. It appears correct that the person represented is
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
.
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
was the childhood companion of
Henry VIII (17)
.
Physician holding urine bottle
On 26 May 1464 William Tailboys 7th Baron Kyme 1415-1464 (49) was beheaded at Sandhills, Newcastle on Tyne, Northumberland . He was buried at Greyfriar's Church, Newcastle on Tyne, Northumberland . Robert Tailboys 8th Baron Kyme 1450-1495 (14) de jure 8th Baron Kyme . Elizabeth Heron Baroness Kyme 1453-1495 (11) by marriage Baroness Kyme .
On 15 Jul 1464 Ralph Grey 1432-1464 (32) was beheaded at Doncaster, South Yorkshire, Yorkshire
Execution of Warwick's Supporters
On
17 Jan 1469
Warwick's supporters were executed in
Salisbury Marketplace
in the presence of
Edward IV King England 1442-1483 (26)
:
Thomas Hungerford -1469
was
beheaded
. His daughter
Mary Hungerford 4th Baroness Hungerford 1468-1533 (1)
succeeded as
4th
Baron Hungerford
.
Henry Courtenay -1469
was
beheaded
.
On
26 Jul 1469
the Yorkist army suffered a defeat against a Lancastrian army led by Robin of Redesdale at the
Battle of Edgecote Moor
. The Yorkist army was commanded by John Courtenay 15th Earl Devon 1435-1471 (34)
and
William "Black William" Herbert 1st Earl Pembroke 1423-1469 (46)
.
Thomas Vaughan 1400-1469 (69)
, John Wogan -1469
,
Henry Neville 1437-1469 (32)
, John Conyers 1420-1469 (49)
and
Oliver Dudley 1437-1469 (32)
were killed
.
Humphrey Stafford 1st Earl Devon 1439-1469 (30)
, John Conyers Sheriff of Yorkshire 1411-1490 (58)
and
William Parr KG 1434-1483 (35)
fought.
Richard Woodville 1st Earl Rivers 1405-1469 (64)
and
John Woodville 1445-1469 (24)
were captured.
Richard Herbert 1423-1469 (46)
was
beheaded
.
Around
1574
George Gower 1540-1596 (34)
. Portrait of
Charles Somerset 1587-1665 (-13)
. Armorial top left quarterly 1&4
with a yellow band top and bottom 2 Unknown Arms 3
his great x 4 grandfather
Richard Woodville 1st Earl Rivers 1405-1469
.
On
12 Aug 1469
Woodvilles father and son were beheaded at
Kenilworth Castle
by supporters of
Richard "Kingmaker" Neville 16th Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury 1428-1471 (41)
...
Richard Woodville 1st Earl Rivers 1405-1469 (64)
was
beheaded
. His son
Anthony Woodville 2nd Earl Rivers 1440-1483 (29)
succeeded as
2nd
Earl Rivers (1C 1466)
.
John Woodville 1445-1469 (24)
was
beheaded
.
Around
1574
George Gower 1540-1596 (34)
. Portrait of
Charles Somerset 1587-1665 (-13)
. Armorial top left quarterly 1&4
with a yellow band top and bottom 2 Unknown Arms 3
his great x 4 grandfather
Richard Woodville 1st Earl Rivers 1405-1469
.
Execution of the Neville Brothers
On 29 Sep 1469 brothers Humphrey Neville of Brancepeth (30) and Charles Neville of Brancepeth were beheaded at York, Yorkshire in the presence of Edward IV King England 1442-1483 (27) and Richard "Kingmaker" Neville 16th Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury 1428-1471 (41) bringing to an end the Neville-Neville fued that arose as a consequence of the senior line being dis-inherited.
On 12 Mar 1470 Thomas Dymoke 1428-1470 (42) was beheaded at Queen's Cross, Stamford, Lincolnshire during the Welles' Rebellion
On 19 Mar 1470 Robert Welles 8th Baron Willoughby Eresby -1470 was beheaded at Doncaster, South Yorkshire, Yorkshire during the Welles' Rebellion . He was buried at Whitefriars, Doncaster, South Yorkshire, Yorkshire . His sister Joan Welles 9th Baroness Willoughby Eresby -1475 succeeded as 9th Baron Willoughby Eresby .
Execution of John "Butcher of England" Tiptoft 1st Earl Worcester
On 18 Oct 1470 John "Butcher of England" Tiptoft 1st Earl Worcester 1427-1470 (43) was beheaded at Tower Green, Tower of London, Tower Hill, City of London
In 1471 Roger Vaughan 1410-1471 (61) was beheaded at Chepstow aka Striguil, Monmouthshire, South-East Wales
On
04 May 1471
Edward IV King England 1442-1483 (29)
was victorious at the
Battle of Tewkesbury
.
His brother
Richard (18)
,
Richard Beauchamp 2nd Baron Beauchamp Powick 1435-1503 (36)
,
John Howard 1st Duke Norfolk 1425-1485 (46)
,
George Neville 4th Baron Bergavenny 1440-1492 (31)
,
John Savage 1422-1495 (49)
,
John Savage 1444-1492
,
Thomas St Leger 1440-1483 (31)
,
John Tuchet 6th Baron Audley Heighley, 3rd Baron Tuchet 1426-1490 (45)
,
Thomas Burgh 1st Baron Burgh 1431-1496 (40)
fought.
William Brandon 1425-1491 (46)
,
George Browne 1440-1483 (31)
,
Ralph Hastings -1495
,
Richard Hastings Baron Willoughby Eresby 1433-1503 (38)
,
James Tyrrell 1455-1502 (16)
, Roger Kynaston of Myddle and Hordley 1433-1495 (38)
were knighted.
William Hastings 1st Baron Hastings 1431-1483 (40)
commanded.
Margaret of Anjou (41)
was captured. Her son
Edward Lancaster Prince Wales 1453-1471 (17)
was killed
. He was the last of the Lancastrian line excluding the illegitmate
Charles Somerset 1st Earl Worcester 1460-1526 (11)
whose line continues to the present.
John Courtenay 15th Earl Devon 1435-1471 (36)
, John Wenlock 1st Baron Wenlock 1400-1471 (71)
and
John Beaufort 1441-1471 (30)
were killed
.
Edmund Beaufort 4th Duke Somerset 1439-1471 (32)
and Hugh Courtenay 1427-1471 (44)
were
beheaded
after the battle.
04 May 1471
William Vaux of Harrowden 1436-1471 (35)
was killed
On 06 May 1471 Gervase Clifton 1405-1471 (66) was beheaded at Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire . .
On 22 Sep 1471 Thomas "Bastard of Fauconberg" Neville 1429-1471 (42) was beheaded at Middleham Castle, Middleham, Yorkshire . His head was displayed at London Bridge, Bridge, City of London
In 1475 Robert Radclyffe -1475 was beheaded .
On 19 Dec 1475 Louis Luxembourg I Count Saint-Pol 1418-1475 (57) was beheaded at Paris . His son Peter Luxembourg II Count Saint-Pol 1440-1492 (35) succeeded as II Count Saint-Pol . Margaret Savoy Count Saint-Pol 1439-1495 (36) by marriage Count Saint-Pol .
On 04 Aug 1477 Jacques Armagnac Duke Nemours 1433-1477 (44) was beheaded .
On
13 Jun 1483
Richard III King England 1452-1485 (30)
arranged a Council meeting at the
Tower of London, Tower Hill, City of London
attended by
William Hastings 1st Baron Hastings 1431-1483 (52)
, Cardinal John Morton 1420-1500 (63)
, Thomas Rotherham Archbishop York 1423-1500 (59)
and
Henry Stafford 2nd Duke Buckingham 1454-1483 (28)
. During the course of the evening Richgard accused
William Hastings 1st Baron Hastings 1431-1483 (52)
, Cardinal John Morton 1420-1500 (63)
and Thomas Rotherham Archbishop York 1423-1500 (59)
of treasonable conspiracy with the
Queen (46)
.
William Hastings 1st Baron Hastings 1431-1483 (52)
was
beheaded
at
Tower Green, Tower of London, Tower Hill, City of London
. He was buried in
North Aisle, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire
next to
Edward IV King England 1442-1483
. His son
Edward Hastings 2nd Baron Hastings 1466-1506 (16)
succeeded as
2nd
Baron Hastings (2C 1430)
.
Mary Hungerford Baroness Hastings, 4th Baroness Hungerford 1466-1553 (17)
by marriage
Baroness Hastings (2C 1430)
.
Cardinal John Morton 1420-1500 (63)
and Thomas Rotherham Archbishop York 1423-1500 (59)
were arrested.
Execution of the Woodvilles and their Affinity
On
25 Jun 1483
supporters of the Woodviles were executed at
Pontefract Castle
...
Anthony Woodville 2nd Earl Rivers 1440-1483 (43)
was
beheaded
. His brother
Richard Woodville 3rd Earl Rivers 1453-1491 (30)
succeeded as
3rd
Earl Rivers (1C 1466)
.
Richard Grey 1457-1483 (26)
and Thomas Vaughan (73)
were
beheaded
.
In
Oct 1483
Buckingham's Rebellion
was an attempt to replace
Richard III King England 1452-1485 (30)
with
Henry Tudor (26)
. Richard Haute -1487
took part.He escaped execution, and was subsequently pardoned.
Richard Woodville 3rd Earl Rivers 1453-1491 (30)
was attainted.
On
02 Nov 1483
Henry Stafford 2nd Duke Buckingham 1454-1483 (29)
was
beheaded
in
Salisbury Marketplace
for his part in the rebellion. His son
Edward Stafford 3rd Duke Buckingham 1478-1521 (5)
succeeded as
8th
Earl Stafford (1C 1351)
, 9th
Baron Stafford (1C 1299)
.
On
08 Nov 1483
Thomas St Leger 1440-1483 (43)
was
executed
at
Exeter Castle, Exeter, Devon
.
Thomas Grey 1st Marquess Dorset 1455-1501 (28)
and
Eleanor Bohun Countess Ormonde 1304-1363
escaped to Henry VII in Brittany
.
Walter Hungerford 1464-1516 (18)
, Giles Daubeney 1st Baron Daubeney 1451-1508 (32)
and Edward Courtenay 1st Earl Devon -1509
took part.!The rebellion was suppressed by
Richard Guildford 1450-1506 (33)
and
Robert Willoughby 1st Baron Willoughby Broke 1452-1502 (31)
.
On
04 Dec 1483
George Browne 1440-1483 (43)
was
beheaded
at
Tower Hill
.
On
23 Jan 1484
Margaret Beaufort Countess Richmond 1443-1509 (40)
was subject to an attainder in the first Parliament of Richard III for her involvement.Whilst the Act was described as an Attainder Richard in effect transferred all of Margaret's property to her husband
Thomas Stanley 1st Earl Derby 1435-1504 (48)
as follows:
An act for the attainder of
Margaret, countess of Richmond (40)
:
Because Margaret, countess of Richmond, mother of the king's great rebel and traitor, Henry, earl of Richmond, has lately conspired, leagued and committed high treason against our sovereign lord King Richard III in various ways, and in particular by sending messages, writings and tokens to the said Henry, urging, instigating and stirring him by them to come into this realm to make war upon our said sovereign lord; to which urging, instigation and stirring the said Henry applied himself, as experience has recently shown. Also, the said countess supplied great sums of money within the city of London as well as elsewhere in this realm to be employed in the execution of the said treason and malicious purpose; and the said countess also conspired, leagued and plotted the destruction of our said sovereign lord, and knew of and assented to, and assisted in the treason planned and committed by Henry, late duke of Buckingham, and his supporters, for which he and some of his supporters have been attainted by an act in this present parliament. Nevertheless, our said sovereign lord, of his special grace, mindful of the good and faithful service which Thomas, Lord Stanley, has given and intends to give our said sovereign lord, and for the sincere love and trust which the king has in him, and for his sake, remits and will forbear the great punishment of attainting the said countess, which she or anyone else doing the same has deserved; and in consideration of the foregoing, our said sovereign lord wills that it be enacted, ordained and decreed, by the assent of the lords spiritual and temporal and the commons assembled in this present parliament, and by authority of the same, that the said countess henceforth shall be legally unable to have, inherit or enjoy any manors, lands or tenements, or other hereditaments or possessions whatsoever, and also henceforth shall be unable to bear or have any name of estate or dignity; and that the said countess shall forfeit to our said sovereign lord the king and his heirs all the castles, manors, lordships, lands, tenements, rents, services, reversions and other hereditaments and possessions, whatsoever they may be, of which the said countess, or anyone else to her use, is now seised or possessed of estate of fee-simple, fee-tail, term of life, in dower or otherwise. And be it ordained by the said authority that all the said castles, manors, lordships, lands, tenements, rents, services, reversions and other hereditaments with the appurtenances of which the said countess, or anyone else to her use, is now seised of estate of fee-simple or fee-tail, shall remain to the said Thomas for term of his life, and after his death to our said sovereign lord the king and his heirs. And moreover, all the lordships, manors, lands, tenements, rents, services and reversions of which the said countess, or any other person to her use, is now seised of estate, term of her life or in dower, shall remain to the said Thomas during her life. And if the said Thomas dies during the lifetime of the said countess, they shall remain to the king; saving to every person and persons, except the said countess and her heirs, their right, title and interest in the said lands and tenements.
Around 1510 Meynnart Wewyck 1499-1525 (10) is believed to have painted the portrait of Henry VII King England and Ireland 1457-1509 .
Around 1520 Unknown Artist .Netherlands.Portrait of Henry VII King England and Ireland 1457-1509 .
Around 1510 Meynnart Wewyck 1499-1525 (10) . Portrait of Margaret Beaufort Countess Richmond 1443-1509 in the Masters Lodge, St John's College, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire .Commissioned by John Fisher Bishop of Rochester 1469-1535 (40) . Note the Beaufort Arms on the wall beneath which is the Beafort Portcullis. Repeated in the window.She is wearing widow's clothes, or possibly that of a convent; Gabled Headress with Lappets . On 29 Mar 2019 , St John's College, Cambridge , which she founded, announced the portrait was original work by Wewyck.
On 02 May 1485 Roger Clifford 1437-1485 (48) was beheaded at Tower Hill, City of London for supporting Henry VII King England and Ireland 1457-1509 (28) .
Around 1510 Meynnart Wewyck 1499-1525 (10) is believed to have painted the portrait of Henry VII King England and Ireland 1457-1509 .
Around 1520 Unknown Artist .Netherlands.Portrait of Henry VII King England and Ireland 1457-1509 .
On 16 Feb 1495 William Stanley Lord Chamberlain 1435-1495 (60) and Simon Montfort -1495 were beheaded at Tower Hill, City of London for their part in the Perkin Warbeck Plot.
On 24 Nov 1496 John Radclyffe 9th Baron Fitzwalter 1452-1496 (44) was beheaded at Calais for trying to bribe his jailers.
On 29 Jun 1497 James Tuchet 7th Baron Audley Heighley 1463-1497 (34) was beheaded at Tower Hill, City of London . He was buried at Blackfriars Church, Holborn, Middlesex . His son John Tuchet 8th Baron Audley Heighley 1483-1557 (14) succeeded as 8th Baron Audley Heighley in Staffordshire . Mary Griffin Baroness Audley Heighley by marriage Baroness Audley Heighley in Staffordshire .
On 21 Aug 1497 Lorenzo Tornabuoni 1465-1497 (32) was beheaded for scheming with France against Florence.
In
1488
Domenico Ghirlandaio Painter 1448-1494 (39)
. Portrait of
Giovanna degli Albizzi 1468-1488 (19)
commissioned around the time of her death by her husband Lorenzo Tornabuoni 1465-1497 (23)
. The figure is wearing precious clothes including a gamurra vest. On the right, behind her, are a hanging coral necklace (perhaps a rosary), a partly closed prayer book, and a Latin inscription, taken from an epigram by the 1st century AD poet Martial. She also holds a handkerchief. The figure of Giovanna is idealized in appearance and proportion which was the tradition of the time.
Many aspects of this portrait hold symbolic significance in emphasizing her wealth, status, and piety. Giovanna's fine clothing indicates her status and the wealth of her family.
The Tornabuoni emblem is present on her clothes, as well as two "Ls" on her shoulder, referring to her husband, Lorenzo.
In addition to the clothes, the presence of pearls and brooches also emphasizes the family's wealth.
The pendant featured in the portrait shows a small diamond set in gold above a large ruby with three pearls hanging beneath it. This was a signature ornament found in depictions of Giovanna and came from Lodovica's dowry.
The coral beads seen in the background are likely a rosary, signifying Giovanna's religious piety.
The book seen behind Giovanna, possibly a prayer book, also refers to her piety and educated status.
A significant aspect of the background in this portrait is the cartellino behind Giovanna. The inscription is a modified excerpt of a poem by the author Martial: "ARS VTINAM MORES ANIMVM QVU EFFINGERE POSSES PVCHRIOR IN TERRIS NVLLA TABELLA FORET MCCCCLXXXVIII". This translates to "Art, would that you could represent character and mind! There would be no more beautiful painting on earth 1488".
On 17 Aug 1510 Richard Empson 1450-1510 (60) was beheaded at Tower Hill, City of London
On 30 Apr 1513 Edmund Pole 3rd Duke Suffolk 1471-1513 (42) was beheaded .
Trial and Execution of Bishop Fisher and Thomas More
On 22 Jun 1535 John Fisher Bishop of Rochester 1469-1535 (65) was beheaded on Tower Hill .
Around 1510 Meynnart Wewyck 1499-1525 (10) . Portrait of Margaret Beaufort Countess Richmond 1443-1509 in the Masters Lodge, St John's College, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire .Commissioned by John Fisher Bishop of Rochester 1469-1535 (40) . Note the Beaufort Arms on the wall beneath which is the Beafort Portcullis. Repeated in the window.She is wearing widow's clothes, or possibly that of a convent; Gabled Headress with Lappets . On 29 Mar 2019 , St John's College, Cambridge , which she founded, announced the portrait was original work by Wewyck.
On 06 Jul 1535 Thomas More Chancellor Speaker 1478-1535 (57) was beheaded on Tower Hill .
1527 Hans Holbein The Younger 1497-1543 (30) . Portrait of Thomas More Chancellor Speaker 1478-1535 (48) wearing a Lancastrian Esses Collar with Beaufort Portcullis and Tudor Rose Pendant .
Execution of Anne Boleyn's Co-accused
On
17 May 1536
George Boleyn 2nd Viscount Rochford 1503-1536 (33)
,
Henry Norreys 1482-1536 (54)
and Mark Smeaton 1512-1536 (24)
were
beheaded
at
Tower Hill, City of London
.
George Boleyn 2nd Viscount Rochford 1503-1536 (33)
was buried at
St Peter ad Vincula Church, Tower of London, Tower Hill, City of London
On
19 May 1536
Anne Boleyn Queen Consort England 1501-1536 (35)
was
beheaded
at
Tower Green, Tower of London, Tower Hill, City of London
. Unusually a sword was used. Her execution was witnessed by
Charles Brandon 1st Duke Suffolk 1484-1545 (52)
,
Catherine Carey 1524-1569 (12)
and
Henry Fitzroy Tudor 1st Duke Richmond and Somerset 1519-1536 (16)
.
Anne's last words, as reported by Edward Hall, were as follows:
Good Christian People, I am come hither to die, for according to the law, and by the law I am judged to die, and therefore I will speak nothing against it. I am come hither to accuse no man, nor to speak any thing of that, whereof I am accused and condemned to die, but I pray God save the king and send him long to reign over you, for a gentler nor a more merciful prince was there never; and to me was he ever a good, a gentle and sovereign lord. And if any person will meddle of my cause, I require them to judge the best. And thus I take my leave of the world and of you all, and I heartily desire you all to pray for me. O Lord, have mercy on me, to God I commend my soul.
To Christ I commend my soul, Jesu receive my soul.
She was buried at
St Peter ad Vincula Church, Tower of London, Tower Hill, City of London
Around 1534 Hans Holbein The Younger 1497-1543 (37) .Drawing of Anne Boleyn Queen Consort England 1501-1536 (33) .The attribution is contentious.
Around 1580 based on a work of around 1534. Unknown Artist . Portrait of Anne Boleyn Queen Consort England 1501-1536 .
Around 1543 Unknown Artist . Portrait of Charles Brandon 1st Duke Suffolk 1484-1545 (59) .
Around 1562 Steven van der Meulen Painter -1564 . Portrait of (probably) Catherine Carey 1524-1569 (38) .
Around May 1537 John Hussey 1st Baron Hussey Sleaford 1465-1537 (72) was beheaded at Lincoln, Lincolnshire .
On 02 Jun 1537 George Lumley -1537 was beheaded at Tower Hill .
On 30 Jun 1537 Thomas Darcy 1st Baron Darcy Templehurst 1467-1537 (70) was beheaded at Tower Hill .
On 08 Dec 1538 Edward Neville 1471-1538 (67) was beheaded at Tower Hill, City of London .
On 09 Jan 1539 Henry Pole 1st Baron Montagu 1492-1539 (47) and Henry Courtenay 1st Marquess Exeter 1496-1539 (43) were beheaded at Tower Hill, City of London .
On 03 Mar 1539 Nicholas Carew KG 1496-1539 (43) was beheaded at Tower Hill, City of London .
On 28 Jul 1540 Walter Hungerford 1st Baron Hungerford Heytesbury 1503-1540 (37) was beheaded at Tower Hill . He, together with his chaplain, a Wiltshire clergyman named William Bird, Rector of Fittleton and Vicar of Bradford, who was suspected of sympathising with the pilgrims of grace of the north of England, was attainted by act of parliament. Hungerford was charged with employing Bird in his house as chaplain, knowing him to be a traitor; with ordering another chaplain, Hugh Wood, and one Dr. Maudlin to practise conjuring to determine the king's length of life, and his chances of victory over the northern rebels; and finally with committing offences forbidden by the Buggery Act 1533.
On 28 Jul 1540 Thomas Cromwell (55) was beheaded at Tower Hill .
Around 1625 based on a work of 1532. Unknown Artist . Portrait of Thomas Cromwell 1st Earl Essex 1485-1540 .
Catherine Howard Tyburn Executions
On
10 Dec 1541
. At
Tyburn
....
Francis Dereham (28)
was
hanged
.
Thomas Culpepper 1514-1541 (27)
was
beheaded
. He was buried at
St Sepulchre-without-Newgate, Holborn, Middlesex
.
Catherine Howard Tower of London Executions
On 13 Feb 1542 Catherine Howard (19) and Jane Parker Viscountess Rochford 1505-1542 (37) were beheaded at Tower Green . Henry Howard 1516-1547 (26) attended. They were both buried at St Peter ad Vincula Church, Tower of London, Tower Hill, City of London .
Around 1533 Hans Holbein The Younger 1497-1543 (36) . Drawing of Henry Howard 1516-1547 (17) .
Around 1533 Hans Holbein The Younger 1497-1543 (36) . Drawing of Henry Howard 1516-1547 (17) .
Around
1575
based on a work of 1546.
Unknown Artist
. After
William Scrots 1517-1553
. Portrait of
Henry Howard 1516-1547
. The Arms on his
right
. On the left
.
Around 1575 based on a work of 1546. Unknown Artist . Portrait of Henry Howard 1516-1547 .
In
1546
Unknown Artist
. Italian. Portrait of
Henry Howard 1516-1547 (30)
wearing his
Garter Collar
and
Leg Garter
. His
right
, his
left
.
On 19 Jan 1547 Henry Howard 1516-1547 (31) was beheaded at Tower Hill, City of London . He was buried at Church of St Michael the Archangel, Framlingham, Suffolk . He had follisshly added the arms of Edward the Confessor to his own arms. he was charged with treasonably quartering the royal arms. His father survived sentence since the King died the day before it was due to take place.
Around 1533 Hans Holbein The Younger 1497-1543 (36) . Drawing of Henry Howard 1516-1547 (17) .
Around 1533 Hans Holbein The Younger 1497-1543 (36) . Drawing of Henry Howard 1516-1547 (17) .
Around
1575
based on a work of 1546.
Unknown Artist
. After
William Scrots 1517-1553
. Portrait of
Henry Howard 1516-1547
. The Arms on his
right
. On the left
.
Around 1575 based on a work of 1546. Unknown Artist . Portrait of Henry Howard 1516-1547 .
In
1546
Unknown Artist
. Italian. Portrait of
Henry Howard 1516-1547 (30)
wearing his
Garter Collar
and
Leg Garter
. His
right
, his
left
.
Trial and Execution of Thomas Seymour
On 20 Mar 1549 Thomas Seymour 1st Baron Seymour Sudeley 1508-1549 (41) was beheaded at Tower Hill . He was buried at St Peter ad Vincula Church, Tower of London, Tower Hill, City of London .
On
22 Jan 1552
Edward Seymour 1st Duke Somerset 1500-1552 (52)
was
beheaded
at
Tower Hill, City of London
. He was buried at
St Peter ad Vincula Church, Tower of London, Tower Hill, City of London
.
King Edward VI (14)
noted in his diary ... "the duke of Somerset had his head cut off upon Tower Hill between eight and nine o'clock in the morning".
On
26 Feb 1552
Thomas Arundell of Wardour Castle 1502-1552 (50)
and
Michael Stanhope 1507-1552 (44)
were
beheaded
at
Tower Hill, City of London
for plotting to assassinate
John Dudley 1st Duke Northumberland 1504-1553 (48)
.Both men protested their innocence to the end.
Thomas Arundell of Wardour Castle 1502-1552 (50)
was was buried at
St Peter ad Vincula Church, Tower of London, Tower Hill, City of London
.
Around 1540 Hans Holbein The Younger 1497-1543 (43) . Portrait of Edward VI King England and Ireland 1537-1553 (2)
Around 1546 Unknown Artist . After William Scrots 1517-1553 (29) . Portrait of Edward VI King England and Ireland 1537-1553 (8) .
Around 1547 Master John Workshop.Portrait of Edward VI King England and Ireland 1537-1553 (9) .
Trial and Execution of Lady Jane Grey's Supporters
On 22 Aug 1553 John Dudley 1st Duke Northumberland 1504-1553 (49) was beheaded at Tower Hill, City of London . His son John Dudley 2nd Earl Warwick 1527-1554 (26) succeeded as 2nd Earl Warwick (2C 1547) , 2nd Viscount Lisle (5C 1543) . Anne Seymour Viscountess Lisle 1538-1588 (15) by marriage Viscountess Lisle (5C 1543) .
Execution of Lady Jane Grey and Guildford Dudley
On
12 Feb 1554
Lady Jane Grey (18)
was
beheaded
at
Tower Green
by order of
Queen Elizabeth I (20)
.She was buried at
St Peter ad Vincula Church, Tower of London, Tower Hill, City of London
Guildford Dudley (19)
was
beheaded
at
Tower Hill
.
Around 1590 Unknown Artist . Portrait of Jane "Nine Day Queen" Grey I Queen England and Ireland 1536-1554 .
Around 1570 Hans Eworth 1520-1574 (50) . Portrait of Elizabeth Tudor I Queen England and Ireland 1533-1603 (36) .
In 1579 George Gower 1540-1596 (39) .The Plimton Sieve Portrait of Elizabeth Tudor I Queen England and Ireland 1533-1603 (45) .
In
1572
Nicholas Hilliard Painter 1547-1619 (25)
painted the "Pelican Portrait" of
Elizabeth I (38)
.
The Pelican being the pendant hung from her necklace of pearls; pearls a symbol of virginity.Pelicans traditionally used as sign of self-sacrifice since the Pelican was believed to peck at her own breast to feed her young; the symbolism meaning Elizabeth had sacrificed herself for England.
Other details include the highly decorated armlet above her elbow and many jewels over her red velvet gown and headress.The two cherries tucked into her right ear possibly refer to her virginity; possibly an over-interpretation of the modern use of cherry.
Research in 2010 found the painting used wood from the same tree used for the Phoenix Portrait.
In
1572
Nicholas Hilliard Painter 1547-1619 (25)
painted the "Phoenix Portrait" of
Elizabeth I (38)
.
Research in 2010 found the painting used wood from the same tree used for the Pelican Portrait.
Around 1585 William Segar 1554-1663 .Ermine Portrait of Elizabeth Tudor I Queen England and Ireland 1533-1603 (51) .
Around 1592 Marcus Gheeraerts 1562-1636 (30) .The Ditchley Portrait of Elizabeth Tudor I Queen England and Ireland 1533-1603 (58) .
After 1585 Unknown Artist . Portrait of Elizabeth Tudor I Queen England and Ireland 1533-1603 (51) .
Around 1563 Steven van der Meulen Painter -1564 . Portrait of Elizabeth Tudor I Queen England and Ireland 1533-1603 (29) .
On 23 Feb 1554 Henry Grey 1st Duke Suffolk 1517-1554 (37) was beheaded at Tower Hill, City of London .
On 11 Apr 1554 Thomas Wyatt 1521-1554 (33) was beheaded at Tower Hill, City of London .
Around 1550 based on a work of around 1540. Unknown Artist . Portrait of Thomas Wyatt 1521-1554 (29) .
On 22 Aug 1572 Thomas Percy 7th Earl Northumberland 1528-1572 (44) was beheaded at The Pavement in York . His brother Henry Percy 8th Earl Northumberland 1532-1585 (40) succeeded as 8th Earl Northumberland (1C 1377) .
Before 09 Dec 1641 Anthony Van Dyck 1599-1641 (42) . Portrait of Henry Percy 8th Earl Northumberland 1532-1585 .
Execution of Mary Queen of Scots
On
08 Feb 1587
Mary Queen of Scots (44)
was
beheaded
in the
Great Hall in Fortheringhay Castle
. Around eight am Mary entered the hall. She removed her black dress to reveal a red petticoat that symbolised Catholic martyrdom.
George Talbot 6th Earl Shrewsbury, 6th Earl Waterford 1528-1590 (59)
,
Henry Grey 6th Earl Kent 1541-1615 (46)
,
Richard Knightley 1532-1615 (55)
and
Henry Wriothesley 3rd Earl Southampton 1573-1624 (13)
witnessed her execution.
In 1571 François Clouet Portrait Painter 1510-1572 (61) . Portrait known as "Lady in her Bath" believed to depict Diane de Poitiers or Mary "Queen of Scots" Stewart I Queen Scotland 1542-1587 (28) .
Around 1576 Unknown Artist . Portrait of Mary "Queen of Scots" Stewart I Queen Scotland 1542-1587 (33) .
In 1576 . After Nicholas Hilliard Painter 1547-1619 (29) . Portrait of Mary "Queen of Scots" Stewart I Queen Scotland 1542-1587 (33) .
In 1567 attrbuted to Hans Eworth 1520-1574 (47) . Portrait of Richard Knightley 1532-1615 (35) .
On Nov 1597 John Chichester -1597 was beheaded by Randal "Arranach" Macdonnell 1st Earl Antrim -1636 at Carrickfergus, County Antrim.
On 25 Feb 1601 Robert Devereux 2nd Earl Essex 1565-1601 (35) was beheaded at Tower Green, Tower of London, Tower Hill, City of London during the Essex Rebellion .
In 1590 William Segar 1554-1663 . Portrait of Robert Devereux 2nd Earl Essex 1565-1601 (24) .
Around 1596 Marcus Gheeraerts 1562-1636 (34) . Portrait of Robert Devereux 2nd Earl Essex 1565-1601 (30) .
Around 1597 Marcus Gheeraerts 1562-1636 (35) . Portrait of Robert Devereux 2nd Earl Essex 1565-1601 (31) .
On 18 Mar 1601 Charles Danvers 1568-1601 (33) and Christopher Blount 1565-1601 (36) was beheaded for their part in the Essex Rebellion .
On 21 May 1613 John Maxwell 9th Lord Maxwell 1583-1613 (30) was beheaded at Edinburgh for the murder of the Laird of Johnstone.
On 29 Oct 1618 Walter Raleigh 1554-1618 (64) was beheaded at Old Palace Yard, Westminster Palace, Westminster . He was buried in St Margaret's Church, Westminster
In 1591 Nicholas Hilliard Painter 1547-1619 (44) painted a portrait of Walter Raleigh 1554-1618 (37) .
In 1598 William Segar 1554-1663 . Portrait of Walter Raleigh 1554-1618 (44) .
In 1585 Unknown Artist . Portrait of Walter Raleigh 1554-1618 (31) .
In 1588 Unknown Artist . Portrait of Walter Raleigh 1554-1618 (34) .
On 14 May 1631 Mervyn Tuchet 2nd Earl Castlehaven 1593-1631 (38) was beheaded at Tower Hill, City of London for the unnatural crime of sodomy, committed with his page Laurence (or Florence) FitzPatrick, who confessed to the crime and was executed; and assisting Giles Browning (alias Broadway), who was also executed, in the rape of his wife Anne, Countess of Castlehaven, in which Lord Castlehaven was found to have participated by restraining her. His son James Tuchet 3rd Earl Castlehaven 1617-1686 (14) succeeded as 3rd Earl Castlehaven , 3rd Baron Audley of Orier . Elizabeth Brydges Countess Castlehaven 1619-1678 (12) by marriage Countess Castlehaven . He didn't succeed to his father's English titles as a result of his father's attainder.
Execution of the Earl of Strafford
On
12 May 1641
Thomas Wentworth 1st Earl Strafford 1593-1641 (48)
was
beheaded
at
Tower Hill, City of London
.
His execution was attended by an enormous crowd.
Around 1636 Anthony Van Dyck 1599-1641 (36) . Portrait of Thomas Wentworth 1st Earl Strafford 1593-1641 (42) .
Around 1712 . Charles D'Agar 1669-1723 (43) . Portrait of Thomas Wentworth 1st Earl Strafford 1593-1641 .
On 19 Jul 1644 John Gordon 1st Baronet Gordon 1610-1644 (34) was beheaded for treason. On 19 Jul 1644 His son John Gordon 2nd Baronet Gordon 1632-1665 (12) succeeded as 2nd Baronet Gordon of Haddo for suppressing the Conventers.
Execution of Alexander Carew 2nd Baronet
On 23 Dec 1644 Alexander Carew 2nd Baronet Carew 1609-1644 (35) was beheaded at Tower Hill, City of London . His son John Carew 3rd Baronet Carew 1635-1692 (9) succeeded as 3rd Baronet Carew of Antony in Cornwall .
Parliament Executes the Hothams
On 02 Jan 1645 John Hotham 1610-1645 (35) was beheaded for treason by Parliamentarians at Tower Hill, City of London .
On 03 Jan 1645 John Hotham 1st Baronet Hotham 1589-1645 (55) was beheaded for treason by Parliamentarians; his son having been executed the previous day. His grandson John Hotham 2nd Baronet Hotham 1632-1689 (12) succeeded as 2nd Baronet Hotham of Scorborough in Yorkshire .
On 10 Jan 1645 William Laud Archbishop Canterbury 1573-1645 (71) was beheaded at Tower Hill, City of London . He was buried at St John's College, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire
In 1631 Daniel Mijtens 1590-1648 (41) . Portrait of William Laud Archbishop Canterbury 1573-1645 (57) .
Around 1636 Anthony Van Dyck 1599-1641 (36) . Portrait of William Laud Archbishop Canterbury 1573-1645 (62) .
On 30 Jan 1649 Charles I (48) was beheaded with one clean stroke outside the Banqueting House, Whitehall Palace, Westminster . He put his head on the block and, after saying a prayer, he signalled the executioner when he was ready by stretching out his hands.
In 1633 Anthony Van Dyck 1599-1641 (33) . Portrait of Charles I King England, Scotland and Ireland 1600-1649 (32) known as Charles I with M.De St Antoine.
Around 1637 Anthony Van Dyck 1599-1641 (37) . Portrait of Charles I King England, Scotland and Ireland 1600-1649 (36) .
On 09 Mar 1649 James Hamilton 1st Duke Hamilton 1606-1649 (42) was beheaded at Old Palace Yard, Westminster Palace, Westminster for his support of the Royalist cause and his leading an army against Cromwell. His brother William Hamilton 2nd Duke Hamilton 1616-1651 (32) succeeded as 2nd Duke Hamilton by special remainder.
On 09 Mar 1649 Henry Rich 1st Earl Holland 1590-1649 (58) was beheaded at Westminster Hall, Westminster Palace, Westminster .
On 08 Jun 1658 Henry Slingsby 1st Baronet Scriven 1602-1658 (56) was beheaded on Tower Hill, City of London for being a Royalist. His son Thomas Slingsby 2nd Baronet Scriven 1636-1688 (21) succeeded as 2nd Baronet Slingsby Scriven
On 27 May 1661 Archibald Campbell 1st Marquess Argyll 1607-1661 (54) was beheaded for his perceived treason on the restoration of Charles II at Edinburgh . He was buried at Kilmun Church, Kilmun, Cowal Peninsular, Argyll
On 14 Jun 1662 Henry "Younger" Vane 1613-1662 (49) was beheaded at Tower Hill, City of London for treason against King Charles II (32) . He had been sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered, however, King Charles II (32) commuted the sentence to beheading.
Around 1658 Gilbert Soest 1605-1681 (53) . Portrait of Henry "Younger" Vane 1613-1662 (44) .
Around 1642 . William Dobson Painter 1611-1646 (30) . Portrait of the future Charles II King England, Scotland and Ireland 1630-1685 (11) .
Before 1691 . John Riley 1646-1691 (44) . Portrait of Charles II King England, Scotland and Ireland 1630-1685 .
Around 1661 John Michael Wright 1617-1694 (43) . Portrait of Charles II King England, Scotland and Ireland 1630-1685 (30) in his coronation robes.
Execution of William Howard 1st Viscount Stafford
On 29 Dec 1680 William Howard 1st Viscount Stafford 1614-1680 (66) was beheaded at Tower Hill, City of London . He was attainted; Viscount Stafford extinct. Henry Stafford Howard 1st Earl Stafford 1648-1719 (32) de jure 2nd Baron Stafford (5C 1640) .
On 21 Jul 1683 William Russell 1639-1683 (43) was beheaded by Jack Ketch -1686 at Lincoln's Inn, Holborn, Camden, City of London for his involvement in the Rye House Plot . The executioner was so inept that he took four axe blows to separate the head from the body. After the first failed blow his victim looked up and said "You dog, did I give you 10 guineas to use me so inhumanely?"
Before 21 Jul 1683 . John Riley 1646-1691 (37) . Portrait of William Russell 1639-1683 (43) .
Before 1681 Gilbert Soest 1605-1681 (75) . Portrait of William Russell 1639-1683 (41) .
On 07 Dec 1683 Algernon Sidney 1623-1683 (60) was beheaded at Tower Hill, City of London during the Rye House Plot .
On 30 Jun 1685 Archibald Campbell 9th Earl Argyll 1629-1685 (56) was beheaded on the Maiden (an early gullotine) in Edinburgh for his part in Argyll's Rising . His son Archibald Campbell 1st Duke Argyll 1658-1703 (26) succeeded as 10th Earl Argyll . Elizabeth Tollemache Duchess Argyll 1659-1735 (25) by marriage Countess Argyll .
On 15 Jul 1685 James Scott 1st Duke Monmouth, 1st Duke Buccleuch 1649-1685 (36) was beheaded at Tower Hill, City of London . Francis Turner Bishop 1637-1700 (47) acted a Chaplain.
Around 1670 . John Riley 1646-1691 (24) . Portrait of James Scott 1st Duke Monmouth, 1st Duke Buccleuch 1649-1685 (20) .
James Fiennes 1st Baron Saye and Sele 1395-1450
was
beheaded
. His son
William Fiennes 2nd Baron Saye and Sele 1428-1471
succeeded as
2nd
Baron Saye and Sele
/
His son in law William Cromer 1416-1450
was
beheaded
.
burned at the stake
In 1351 the Treason Act defined Treason for the first time: High Treason and Petty Treason, and the associated penalties. Hanging, drawing an quartering for men, burning for women.
On 30 May 1431 Joan Arc 1412-1431 (19) was burned at the stake witnessed by Cardinal Henry Beaufort 1375-1447 (56) at Old Market Place, Rouen.
In 1528 Patrick Hamilton -1528 burned at the stake
On 25 May 1537 Margaret Stafford 1511-1537 (26) burned at the stake at Smithfield, Farringdon Without, City of London .
executed
In 844 Bernard Poitiers Duke Septimania 795-844 (49) was executed
In 853 Gauzbert Rorgonide I Count Maine -853 was executed .
In 891 al-Mutarrif Umayyad -891 was executed .
In 921 al-Asi Umayyad -921 was executed .
In 1017 Eadwig "Aetheling" Wessex -1017 was executed by Canute aka Cnut King England 995-1035 (22) . He was buried at Tavistock Abbey, Tavistock, Devon
In 1214 Baldwin Rouerge 1165-1214 (49) was executed .
On 02 May 1230 William Braose 1182-1230 (47) was executed by Llewellyn "The Great" Aberffraw 1172-1240 (58) for having been found in the bedchamber of his wife Joan Plantagenet 1191-1237 (39) . His daughter Eva Braose 1227-1255 (3) succeeded as 10th Baron Bergavenny (Feudal Creation). William Cantilupe -1254 by marriage Baron Bergavenny (Feudal Creation) .
On 27 Jun 1296 Floris Gerulfing V Count Holland 1254-1296 (42) was executed
Before May 1322 John Giffard 2nd Baron Giffard Brimpsfield 1287-1322 (34) was executed by Edward II King England 1284-1327 (38) for being a rebel.
In 1350 Raoul Brienne II Count Eu, II Count Guînes 1315-1350 (35) was executed .
In Feb 1388 Merciless Parliament sought to cleanse Richard II King England 1367-1400 (21) 's administration. Simon Burley 1340-1388 (48) was executed . Michael Pole 1st Earl Suffolk 1330-1389 (58) was sentenced to be hung, drawn and quartered. Robert Vere 1st Duke Ireland 1362-1392 (26) was attainted. Nicholas Brembre -1399 was tried.
On 16 Jan 1400 John Holland 1st Duke Exeter 1352-1400 (48) was executed at Pleshy Castle, Pleshey, Essex . His son John Holland 2nd Duke Exeter 1395-1447 (4) succeeded as 2nd Earl Huntingdon (4C 1388) .
On
14 Sep 1402
Henry Percy 1st Earl Northumberland 1341-1408 (60)
and his
son
Henry "Hotspur" Percy 1364-1403 (38)
lay in wait at at
Homildon Hill, Northumberland
for the Scots to return from their laying waste to Northumberland.The
Battle of Homildon Hill
was a victory for the English forces whose longbowmen decimated the Scottish schiltrons.
Henry Fitzhugh 3rd Baron Fitzhugh 1358-1425 (44)
fought for the English.
John Swinton -1402
was killed
.
Thomas Dunbar 5th Earl Moray 1371-1422 (31)
and Henry Sinclair 2nd Earl Orkney 1375-1420 (27)
were captured.
Archibald Douglas 1st Duke Touraine 1372-1424 (30)
was wounded.
Henry IV King England 1367-1413 (35)
forbade the ransoming of Scottish prisoners so that he could concentrate on the Welsh.By doing so he created a rift with the Percy family who subsequently defected to
Owain ap Gruffudd Glyndŵr (43)
.
William Stewart -1402
was
executed
by
Henry "Hotspur" Percy 1364-1403 (38)
having been captured.
John Stewart -1420
fought at the
Battle of Homildon Hill
.
In 1412 Rhys ap Tudor Tudor -1412 was executed at Chester, Cheshire .
On 01 May 1455 the Douglas rebellion was brought to an end at the Battle of Arkinholm near Langholm . Archibald Douglas 8th Earl Moray 1426-1455 (29) was killed . Hugh Douglas 1st Earl Ormonde -1455 was executed . John Douglas 1433-1463 (22) escaped.
After 26 Jun 1460 Osbert Mumford -1460 was executed at Rysbank Tower .
On
10 Jul 1460
the Yorkist army led by the future
Edward IV King England 1442-1483 (18)
and including
Richard "Kingmaker" Neville 16th Earl Warwick, 6th Earl Salisbury 1428-1471 (32)
,
George Neville Archbishop York 1432-1476 (28)
,
William Neville 1st Earl Kent 1405-1463 (55)
,
Edmund Grey 1st Earl Kent 1416-1490 (43)
, Edward Brooke 6th Baron Cobham 1415-1464 (45)
and
John Scrope 5th Baron Scrope Bolton 1437-1498 (22)
defeated the Lancastrian army at the
Battle of Northampton 1460
.
Henry VI King England, II King France 1421-1471 (38)
was captured.
Humphrey Stafford 1st Duke Buckingham 1402-1460 (57)
was killed
. His grandson
Henry Stafford 2nd Duke Buckingham 1454-1483 (5)
succeeded as
2nd
Duke Buckingham (1C 1444)
, 7th
Earl Stafford (1C 1351)
, 8th
Baron Stafford (1C 1299)
.
John Talbot 2nd Earl Shrewsbury, 2nd Earl Waterford 1417-1460 (42)
was killed
. His son
John Talbot 3rd Earl Shrewsbury, 3rd Earl Waterford 1448-1473 (11)
succeeded as
3rd
Earl Shrewsbury (2C 1442)
, 3rd
Earl Waterford
, 8th
Baron Furnivall (1C 1295)
, 12th
Baron Strange Blackmere (1C 1309)
, 9th
Baron Talbot (1C 1331)
Thomas Percy 1st Baron Egremont 1422-1460 (37)
was killed
.
John Beaumont 1st Viscount Beaumont 1409-1460 (50)
was killed
. His son
William Beaumont 2nd Viscount Beaumont 1438-1507 (22)
succeeded as
2nd
Viscount Beaumont
.
Thomas Tresham 1420-1471 (40)
fought.
William Beaumont 2nd Viscount Beaumont 1438-1507 (22)
and
William Norreys 1441-1507 (19)
were knighted.
Thomas "Bastard of Exeter" Holland -1460
was
executed
following the battle.
On
30 Dec 1460
the Lancastrian army took their revenge for the defeats of the First Battle of St Albans and the Battle of Northampton during the
Battle of Wakefield
at
Sandal Castle, Wakefield, Yorkshire
. The Lancastrian army was commanded by
Henry Holland 3rd Duke Exeter 1430-1475 (30)
and
Henry Percy 3rd Earl Northumberland 1421-1461 (39)
, and included John Courtenay 15th Earl Devon 1435-1471 (25)
and William Gascoigne 1430-1463 (30)
, both knighted, and
James Butler 1st Earl Wiltshire, 5th Earl Ormonde 1420-1461 (40)
,
John "Butcher" Clifford 9th Baron Clifford 1435-1461 (25)
,
John Neville 1st Baron Neville Raby 1410-1461 (50)
,
Thomas Ros 9th Baron Ros Helmsley 1427-1464 (33)
and
Thomas St Leger 1440-1483 (20)
.
The Yorkist army was heavily defeated.
Richard 3rd Duke York 1411-1460 (49)
was killed
. His son
Edward IV King England 1442-1483 (18)
succeeded as
4th
Duke York (1C 1385)
, 9th
Earl Ulster
, 3rd
Earl Cambridge (3C 1414)
.
Thomas Neville 1430-1460 (29)
,
Thomas Harrington 1400-1460 (60)
, William Bonville 6th Baron Harington 1442-1460 (18)
and
Edward Bourchier -1460
were killed
.Following the battle
Richard Neville 5th Earl Salisbury 1400-1460 (60)
was
beheaded
by
Thomas "Bastard of Exeter" Holland -1460
. William Bonville 1420-1460 (40)
was
executed
.
Thomas Parr 1407-1464 (53)
fought in the Yorkist army.
Following the battle
Edmund York 1st Earl Rutland 1443-1460 (17)
was
executed
by
John "Butcher" Clifford (25)
by which he gained his sobriquet "Butcher".
On
29 Mar 1461
the
Battle of Towton
was a decisive victory for
Edward IV King England 1442-1483 (18)
bringing to an end the first war of the Wars of the Roses.Said to be the bloodiest battle on English soil 28000 were killed mainly during the rout that followed the battle.
The Yorkist army was commanded by
Edward IV King England 1442-1483 (18)
with
John Mowbray 3rd Duke Norfolk 1415-1461 (45)
,
Henry Holland 3rd Duke Exeter 1430-1475 (30)
,
William Neville 1st Earl Kent 1405-1463 (56)
,
William Hastings 1st Baron Hastings 1431-1483 (30)
(knighted),
Walter Blount 1st Baron Mountjoy 1416-1474 (45)
,
Henry Bourchier 2nd Count Eu, 1st Earl Essex 1404-1483 (57)
,
John Scrope 5th Baron Scrope Bolton 1437-1498 (23)
and John Wenlock 1st Baron Wenlock 1400-1471 (61)
.
The Lancastrian army suffered significant casualties including
Richard Percy 1426-1461 (35)
,
Ralph Bigod 1410-1461 (50)
,
John Bigod -1461
,
Robert Cromwell 1390-1461 (71)
,
Ralph Dacre 1st Baron Dacre Gilsland 1412-1461 (49)
,
Ralph Eure 1412-1461 (49)
,
John Neville 1st Baron Neville Raby 1410-1461 (51)
,
John Beaumont 1428-1461 (33)
, Thomas Dethick 1400-1461 (61)
,
Everard Simon Digby -1461
, William Plumpton -1461
and
William Welles 1410-1461 (51)
who were killed
.
Henry Percy 3rd Earl Northumberland 1421-1461 (39)
was killed
. His son
Henry Percy 4th Earl Northumberland 1449-1489 (12)
succeeded as
4th
Earl Northumberland (1C 1377)
.
Maud Herbert Countess Northumberland 1458-1485 (3)
by marriage
Countess Northumberland (1C 1377)
.
Lionel Welles 6th Baron Welles 1406-1461 (55)
was killed
. His son
Richard Welles 7th Baron Willoughby Eresby, 7th Baron Welles 1428-1470 (33)
succeeded as
7th
Baron Welles
.
Those who fought for the Lancaster included William Tailboys 7th Baron Kyme 1415-1464 (46)
,
John Dudley 1st Baron Dudley 1400-1487 (60)
,
William Norreys 1441-1507 (20)
,
Thomas Grey 1st Baron Grey Richemont 1418-1461 (43)
,
Robert Hungerford 3rd Baron Hungerford 1431-1464 (30)
,
John Talbot 3rd Earl Shrewsbury, 3rd Earl Waterford 1448-1473 (12)
,
Richard Welles 7th Baron Willoughby Eresby, 7th Baron Welles 1428-1470 (33)
,
Richard Woodville 1st Earl Rivers 1405-1469 (56)
,
James Butler 1st Earl Wiltshire, 5th Earl Ormonde 1420-1461 (40)
,
John Butler 6th Earl Ormonde 1422-1476 (39)
,
William Beaumont 2nd Viscount Beaumont 1438-1507 (22)
and
Thomas Tresham 1420-1471 (41)
. Cardinal John Morton 1420-1500 (41)
were captured.
On
03 Apr 1461
Thomas Courtenay 14th Earl Devon 1432-1461 (29)
was
beheaded
at
York, Yorkshire
. His brother John Courtenay 15th Earl Devon 1435-1471 (26)
succeeded as
15th
Earl Devon (2C Courtenay)
.
Laura Bourchier Countess Devon 1440-
by marriage
as
Earl Devon (2C Courtenay)
.
Robert Dethick 1375-1461 (86)
was killed
.
John Heron of Ford Castle Northumberland 1416-1461 (45)
was killed
.
Thomas Grey 1st Baron Grey Richemont 1418-1461 (43)
was
executed
Around
1574
George Gower 1540-1596 (34)
. Portrait of
Charles Somerset 1587-1665 (-13)
. Armorial top left quarterly 1&4
with a yellow band top and bottom 2 Unknown Arms 3
his great x 4 grandfather
Richard Woodville 1st Earl Rivers 1405-1469
.
Before
20 Feb 1462
John Vere 12th Earl Oxford 1408-1462 (53)
, his son
Aubrey Vere -1462
and Thomas Tuddenham 1401-1462 (60)
were arrested for treason against
King Edward IV (19)
.They were subsequently tried by
John "Butcher of England" Tiptoft 1st Earl Worcester 1427-1470 (34)
.
On
20 Feb 1462
Aubrey Vere -1462
was
executed
at
Tower Hill
.
On
23 Feb 1462
William Tyrrell 1408-1462 (54)
, John Montgomery -1462
and Thomas Tuddenham 1401-1462 (60)
were
beheaded
at
Tower Hill
.
On
26 Feb 1462
John Vere 12th Earl Oxford 1408-1462 (53)
was
hanged
at
Tower Hill
. His son
John Vere 13th Earl Oxford 1442-1513 (19)
succeeded as
13th
Earl Oxford (2C 1141)
.
On
15 May 1464
a Yorkist army commanded by
John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu 1431-1471 (33)
defeated a Lancastrian army commanded by
Henry Beaufort 3rd Duke Somerset 1436-1464 (28)
at
Hexham, Northumberland
during the
Battle of Hexham
.
Those fighting for York included
John Stafford 1st Earl Wiltshire 1427-1473 (36)
,
John Scrope 5th Baron Scrope Bolton 1437-1498 (26)
and
Richard Welles 7th Baron Willoughby Eresby, 7th Baron Welles 1428-1470 (36)
.
Of the Lancastrian army William Tailboys 7th Baron Kyme 1415-1464 (49)
fought.
Robert Hungerford 3rd Baron Hungerford 1431-1464 (33)
and
Philip Wentworth 4th Baron Despencer 1424-1464 (40)
were both captured.
Henry Beaufort 3rd Duke Somerset 1436-1464 (28)
was
beheaded
following the battle. His brother
Edmund Beaufort 4th Duke Somerset 1439-1471 (25)
succeeded as
4th
Duke Somerset (2C 1448)
.
On
18 May 1464
Robert Hungerford 3rd Baron Hungerford 1431-1464 (33)
was
executed
at
Newcastle on Tyne, Northumberland
.
Philip Wentworth 4th Baron Despencer 1424-1464 (40)
was
executed
at
Middleham, Yorkshire
. His son
Henry Wentworth 5th Baron Despencer 1448-1501 (16)
succeeded as
5th
Baron Despencer (5C 1387)
.
After
21 Apr 1509
Thomas Wriothesley Garter King of Arms -1534 (21)
made a drawing of the death of Henry VII (he wasn't present). The drawing shows those present and in some cases provides their arms by which they can be identified. From top left clockwise:
Richard Foxe Bishop 1448-1528 (61)
Two tonsured clerics
George Hastings 1st Earl Huntingdon 1487-1544 (22)
Richard Weston of Sutton Place 1465-1541 (44)
Richard Clement of Ingham Mote 1482-1538 (27)
Matthew Baker Governor Jersey -1513
John Sharpe of Coggleshall in Essex -1518
Physician holding urine bottle
William Tyler
Hugh Denys
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
closing the King's eyes.There is doubt as to whether the person shown is
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
given his age of around nineteen at the King's death. He appears to be holding a Staff of Office although sources state he wasn't appointed Gentleman Usher, in which role he would have a Staff of Office, until Henry VIII's Coronation in Jun 1509.
The Arms below him are Quarterly 1 Lozengy argent & gules (FitzWilliam); 2 Arms of
John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu 1431-1471
3 Quartered 1 possibly Plantagent with white border ie Holland 2 and 3 Tibetot, 4 Unknown, overall a star for difference indicating third son.
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
was his father's third son, and his mother was
Lucy Neville 1468-1534 (41)
daughter of
John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu 1431-1471
. It appears correct that the person represented is
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
.
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
was the childhood companion of
Henry VIII (17)
.
Physician holding urine bottle
On 27 Jul 1469 William "Black William" Herbert 1st Earl Pembroke 1423-1469 (46) was executed . His son William Herbert 2nd Earl Pembroke 1451-1491 (18) succeeded as 2nd Earl Pembroke (8C 1468) , 2nd Baron Herbert Raglan , 2nd Baron Herbert Powis . Mary Woodville Countess Pembroke by marriage Countess Pembroke (8C 1468) .
On 17 Aug 1469 Humphrey Stafford 1st Earl Devon 1439-1469 (30) was executed by a mob at Bridgwater, Somerset .
On Mar 1470 Richard Welles 7th Baron Willoughby Eresby, 7th Baron Welles 1428-1470 (42) was executed at Queen's Cross, Stamford, Lincolnshire during the Welles' Rebellion . His son Robert Welles 8th Baron Willoughby Eresby -1470 succeeded as 8th Baron Willoughby Eresby
On 06 May 1471 Humphrey Tuchet 1434-1471 (37) was executed .
On 06 May 1471 Thomas Tresham 1420-1471 (51) was executed
Trial and Execution of Ankarette Twynyho
On
22 Dec 1476
Isabel Neville 1451-1476 (25)
died in childbirth
.
George York 1st Duke Clarence 1449-1478 (27)
believed she had been murdered by Ankarette Twynyho -1477
. Her son
Edward "Last Plantagenet" York 17th Earl Warwick 1475-1499 (1)
succeeded as
17th
Earl Warwick (1C 1088)
.
On
12 Apr 1477
Ankarette Twynyho -1477
was arrested at
Keyford, Somerset
and taken to
Bath, Somerset
.
On
13 Apr 1477
Ankarette Twynyho -1477
taken to
Cirencester, Gloucestershire
.
On
15 Apr 1477
Ankarette Twynyho -1477
was
hanged
at
Myton Gallows, Warwick, Warwickshire
. John Thursby -1477
was
executed
at
Myton Gallows, Warwick, Warwickshire
.
In
1478
Ankarette Twynyho -1477
was pardoned by
Edward IV King England 1442-1483 (34)
.
In
Oct 1483
Buckingham's Rebellion
was an attempt to replace
Richard III King England 1452-1485 (30)
with
Henry Tudor (26)
. Richard Haute -1487
took part.He escaped execution, and was subsequently pardoned.
Richard Woodville 3rd Earl Rivers 1453-1491 (30)
was attainted.
On
02 Nov 1483
Henry Stafford 2nd Duke Buckingham 1454-1483 (29)
was
beheaded
in
Salisbury Marketplace
for his part in the rebellion. His son
Edward Stafford 3rd Duke Buckingham 1478-1521 (5)
succeeded as
8th
Earl Stafford (1C 1351)
, 9th
Baron Stafford (1C 1299)
.
On
08 Nov 1483
Thomas St Leger 1440-1483 (43)
was
executed
at
Exeter Castle, Exeter, Devon
.
Thomas Grey 1st Marquess Dorset 1455-1501 (28)
and
Eleanor Bohun Countess Ormonde 1304-1363
escaped to Henry VII in Brittany
.
Walter Hungerford 1464-1516 (18)
, Giles Daubeney 1st Baron Daubeney 1451-1508 (32)
and Edward Courtenay 1st Earl Devon -1509
took part.!The rebellion was suppressed by
Richard Guildford 1450-1506 (33)
and
Robert Willoughby 1st Baron Willoughby Broke 1452-1502 (31)
.
On
04 Dec 1483
George Browne 1440-1483 (43)
was
beheaded
at
Tower Hill
.
On
23 Jan 1484
Margaret Beaufort Countess Richmond 1443-1509 (40)
was subject to an attainder in the first Parliament of Richard III for her involvement.Whilst the Act was described as an Attainder Richard in effect transferred all of Margaret's property to her husband
Thomas Stanley 1st Earl Derby 1435-1504 (48)
as follows:
An act for the attainder of
Margaret, countess of Richmond (40)
:
Because Margaret, countess of Richmond, mother of the king's great rebel and traitor, Henry, earl of Richmond, has lately conspired, leagued and committed high treason against our sovereign lord King Richard III in various ways, and in particular by sending messages, writings and tokens to the said Henry, urging, instigating and stirring him by them to come into this realm to make war upon our said sovereign lord; to which urging, instigation and stirring the said Henry applied himself, as experience has recently shown. Also, the said countess supplied great sums of money within the city of London as well as elsewhere in this realm to be employed in the execution of the said treason and malicious purpose; and the said countess also conspired, leagued and plotted the destruction of our said sovereign lord, and knew of and assented to, and assisted in the treason planned and committed by Henry, late duke of Buckingham, and his supporters, for which he and some of his supporters have been attainted by an act in this present parliament. Nevertheless, our said sovereign lord, of his special grace, mindful of the good and faithful service which Thomas, Lord Stanley, has given and intends to give our said sovereign lord, and for the sincere love and trust which the king has in him, and for his sake, remits and will forbear the great punishment of attainting the said countess, which she or anyone else doing the same has deserved; and in consideration of the foregoing, our said sovereign lord wills that it be enacted, ordained and decreed, by the assent of the lords spiritual and temporal and the commons assembled in this present parliament, and by authority of the same, that the said countess henceforth shall be legally unable to have, inherit or enjoy any manors, lands or tenements, or other hereditaments or possessions whatsoever, and also henceforth shall be unable to bear or have any name of estate or dignity; and that the said countess shall forfeit to our said sovereign lord the king and his heirs all the castles, manors, lordships, lands, tenements, rents, services, reversions and other hereditaments and possessions, whatsoever they may be, of which the said countess, or anyone else to her use, is now seised or possessed of estate of fee-simple, fee-tail, term of life, in dower or otherwise. And be it ordained by the said authority that all the said castles, manors, lordships, lands, tenements, rents, services, reversions and other hereditaments with the appurtenances of which the said countess, or anyone else to her use, is now seised of estate of fee-simple or fee-tail, shall remain to the said Thomas for term of his life, and after his death to our said sovereign lord the king and his heirs. And moreover, all the lordships, manors, lands, tenements, rents, services and reversions of which the said countess, or any other person to her use, is now seised of estate, term of her life or in dower, shall remain to the said Thomas during her life. And if the said Thomas dies during the lifetime of the said countess, they shall remain to the king; saving to every person and persons, except the said countess and her heirs, their right, title and interest in the said lands and tenements.
Around 1510 Meynnart Wewyck 1499-1525 (10) is believed to have painted the portrait of Henry VII King England and Ireland 1457-1509 .
Around 1520 Unknown Artist .Netherlands.Portrait of Henry VII King England and Ireland 1457-1509 .
Around 1510 Meynnart Wewyck 1499-1525 (10) . Portrait of Margaret Beaufort Countess Richmond 1443-1509 in the Masters Lodge, St John's College, Oxford University, Oxford, Oxfordshire .Commissioned by John Fisher Bishop of Rochester 1469-1535 (40) . Note the Beaufort Arms on the wall beneath which is the Beafort Portcullis. Repeated in the window.She is wearing widow's clothes, or possibly that of a convent; Gabled Headress with Lappets . On 29 Mar 2019 , St John's College, Cambridge , which she founded, announced the portrait was original work by Wewyck.
Around
Apr 1486
the
Stafford and Lovell Rebellion
was an armed uprising against
Henry VII King England and Ireland 1457-1509 (29)
.With the failure of the plot
Francis Lovell 1st Viscount Lovell 1456-1488 (30)
fled to
Margaret Duchess of Burgundy 1446-1503 (39)
in
Flanders
.
On
08 Jul 1486
Humphrey Stafford 1426-1486 (60)
and
Thomas Stafford -1486
was
executed
at
Tyburn, Middlesex
.
Around 1510 Meynnart Wewyck 1499-1525 (10) is believed to have painted the portrait of Henry VII King England and Ireland 1457-1509 .
Around 1520 Unknown Artist .Netherlands.Portrait of Henry VII King England and Ireland 1457-1509 .
Trial and Execution of Perkin Warbreck and Edward Earl of Warwick
On
28 Nov 1499
Edward "Last Plantagenet" York 17th Earl Warwick 1475-1499 (24)
was
executed
at
Tower Hill, City of London
.
Documentation held in Spain apparently describes Catherine of Aragon's (13)
parents Ferdinand II King Aragon 1452-1516 (47)
and Isabella Queen Castile 1451-1504 (48)
expressing concern that
Edward "Last Plantagenet" York 17th Earl Warwick 1475-1499 (24)
was a potential claimant to throne, and being reluctant for their daughter to marry
Arthur Prince of Wales (13)
whilst there was a threat to
his (13)
accession causing
Henry VII King England and Ireland 1457-1509 (42)
to use Perkin Warbreck's
attempted escape with
Edward "Last Plantagenet" York 17th Earl Warwick 1475-1499 (24)
as a means to an end.
Around 1492 . Juan de Flandes 1440-1519 (32) . Portrait of Catherine of Aragon (6) .
Around 1520 Unknown Artist . Portrait of Catherine of Aragon Queen Consort England 1485-1536 (34) .
Around 1490 . Possibly Juan de Flandes 1440-1519 (30) . Portrait of Isabella Queen Castile 1451-1504 (38) .
Around 1502 . Possibly Juan de Flandes 1440-1519 (42) . Portrait of Isabella Queen Castile 1451-1504 (50) .
Around 1510 Meynnart Wewyck 1499-1525 (10) is believed to have painted the portrait of Henry VII King England and Ireland 1457-1509 .
Around 1520 Unknown Artist .Netherlands.Portrait of Henry VII King England and Ireland 1457-1509 .
On 06 May 1502 James Tyrrell 1455-1502 (47) was executed .
On 17 Aug 1510 Edmund Dudley 1462-1510 (48) was executed at Tower Hill, City of London .
Trial and Execution of the Duke of Buckingham
On
17 May 1521
Edward Stafford 3rd Duke Buckingham 1478-1521 (43)
was
executed
at
Tower Hill
for no specific reason other than his having a significant amount of Plantagenet blood and was, therefore, considered a threat by
Henry VIII (29)
. He was posthumously attainted by Act of Parliament on 31 July 1523, disinheriting his children.
He was buried at
St Peter's Church, Britford, Wiltshire
.
1540 Hans Holbein The Younger 1497-1543 (43) .Miniature portrait of Henry VIII King England and Ireland 1491-1547 (48) .
Around 1525 Unknown Artist .Netherlands.Portrait of Henry VIII King England and Ireland 1491-1547 (33) .
After
21 Apr 1509
Thomas Wriothesley Garter King of Arms -1534 (21)
made a drawing of the death of Henry VII (he wasn't present). The drawing shows those present and in some cases provides their arms by which they can be identified. From top left clockwise:
Richard Foxe Bishop 1448-1528 (61)
Two tonsured clerics
George Hastings 1st Earl Huntingdon 1487-1544 (22)
Richard Weston of Sutton Place 1465-1541 (44)
Richard Clement of Ingham Mote 1482-1538 (27)
Matthew Baker Governor Jersey -1513
John Sharpe of Coggleshall in Essex -1518
Physician holding urine bottle
William Tyler
Hugh Denys
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
closing the King's eyes.There is doubt as to whether the person shown is
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
given his age of around nineteen at the King's death. He appears to be holding a Staff of Office although sources state he wasn't appointed Gentleman Usher, in which role he would have a Staff of Office, until Henry VIII's Coronation in Jun 1509.
The Arms below him are Quarterly 1 Lozengy argent & gules (FitzWilliam); 2 Arms of
John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu 1431-1471
3 Quartered 1 possibly Plantagent with white border ie Holland 2 and 3 Tibetot, 4 Unknown, overall a star for difference indicating third son.
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
was his father's third son, and his mother was
Lucy Neville 1468-1534 (41)
daughter of
John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu 1431-1471
. It appears correct that the person represented is
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
.
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
was the childhood companion of
Henry VIII (17)
.
Physician holding urine bottle
On Dec 1531 Rhys ap Gruffydd Deheubarth 1508-1531 (23) was executed by Henry VIII (40) for treason for purportedly for inscribing the name Fitz Uryan on his armour at City of London
1540 Hans Holbein The Younger 1497-1543 (43) .Miniature portrait of Henry VIII King England and Ireland 1491-1547 (48) .
Around 1525 Unknown Artist .Netherlands.Portrait of Henry VIII King England and Ireland 1491-1547 (33) .
After
21 Apr 1509
Thomas Wriothesley Garter King of Arms -1534 (21)
made a drawing of the death of Henry VII (he wasn't present). The drawing shows those present and in some cases provides their arms by which they can be identified. From top left clockwise:
Richard Foxe Bishop 1448-1528 (61)
Two tonsured clerics
George Hastings 1st Earl Huntingdon 1487-1544 (22)
Richard Weston of Sutton Place 1465-1541 (44)
Richard Clement of Ingham Mote 1482-1538 (27)
Matthew Baker Governor Jersey -1513
John Sharpe of Coggleshall in Essex -1518
Physician holding urine bottle
William Tyler
Hugh Denys
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
closing the King's eyes.There is doubt as to whether the person shown is
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
given his age of around nineteen at the King's death. He appears to be holding a Staff of Office although sources state he wasn't appointed Gentleman Usher, in which role he would have a Staff of Office, until Henry VIII's Coronation in Jun 1509.
The Arms below him are Quarterly 1 Lozengy argent & gules (FitzWilliam); 2 Arms of
John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu 1431-1471
3 Quartered 1 possibly Plantagent with white border ie Holland 2 and 3 Tibetot, 4 Unknown, overall a star for difference indicating third son.
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
was his father's third son, and his mother was
Lucy Neville 1468-1534 (41)
daughter of
John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu 1431-1471
. It appears correct that the person represented is
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
.
William Fitzwilliam 1st Earl Southampton 1490-1542 (19)
was the childhood companion of
Henry VIII (17)
.
Physician holding urine bottle
On 03 Feb 1537 the six Fitzgeralds, nephew and five uncles, Thomas "Silken" Fitzgerald 10th Earl Kildare 1513-1537 (24) , James Fitzgerald 1496-1537 (41) , Oliver Fitzgerald 1496-1537 (41) , Richard Fitzgerald -1537 , John Fitzgerald -1537 and Walter Fitzgerald 1496-1537 (41) were executed at Tyburn, Middlesex .
On 20 Dec 1538 Edward Arden -1538 was executed at Tyburn, Middlesex .
On 10 Jul 1539 Adrian Fortescue 1476-1539 (63) was executed at Tower Hill, City of London for treason.
On 27 May 1541 , after some two and a half years of imprisonment, Margaret Pole Countess Salsbury (67) was executed at Tower Green, Tower of London, Tower Hill, City of London .
Around 1535 Unknown Artist . Portrait of unknown woman formerly thought to be Margaret York Countess Salisbury 1473-1541 (61) .
On 28 Jun 1541 Leonard Grey 1st Viscount Grane 1479-1541 (62) was executed for having allowed Gerald "Wizard Earl" Fitzgerald 11th Earl Kildare 1525-1585 (16) , his sister's son, to escape capture at Tower of London, Tower Hill, City of London
In 1554 Thomas Grey -1554 was executed at Tower Hill, City of London .
In 1557 Charles Stourton 8th Baron Stourton 1520-1557 (37) was executed for the murder of William Hartgill and his son John Hartgill. His son John Stourton 9th Baron Stourton 1553-1588 (4) succeeded as 9th Baron Stourton .
On 28 May 1557 Thomas Stafford 1533-1557 (24) was executed at Tower Hill, City of London .
In 1562 John Gordon -1562 was executed during the Battle of Corrichie: Earl Huntly's Forces.
On 11 Aug 1564 Richard Blount 1510-1564 (54) was executed at Tower Hill, City of London
On 02 Jun 1572 Thomas Howard 4th Duke Norfolk 1536-1572 (36) was executed for his involvement in the Ridolphi Plot . He was buried at St Peter ad Vincula Church, Tower of London, Tower Hill, City of London
In 1578 Egremont Radclyffe -1578 was executed at Namur
On 02 Jun 1581 James Douglas 4th Earl Morton 1516-1581 (65) was executed for his part in the murder of Lord Darnley
In 1583 James Leybourne -1583 was executed for being a "Catholic Traitor".
On 21 Sep 1586 Robert Gage -1586 was executed for his involvement in the Babington Plot .
On 05 Dec 1603 George Brooke 1568-1603 (35) was executed for his part in the Main and Bye Plot .
In 1615 Robert Stewart 1st Earl Orkney 1533-1615 (82) was executed . His son Patrick Stewart 2nd Earl Orkney succeeded as 2nd Earl Orkney .
On 09 Mar 1649 Arthur Capell 1st Baron Capell Hadham 1608-1649 (41) was executed .
Around 1647 John Hoskins 1590-1664 (57) (copy from original).Portrait of Arthur Capell 1st Baron Capell Hadham 1608-1649 (38) .
On 18 Aug 1746 William Boyd 4th Earl Kilmarnock 1705-1746 (41) was executed at Tower Hill, City of London . He was was buried at St Peter ad Vincula Church, Tower of London, Tower Hill, City of London .
On 14 Mar 1757 John Byng 1704-1757 (52) was executed by firing squad for having been found guilty of his perceived failure to relieve the garrison at Menorca caused public outrage among fellow officers and the country at large.
On 17 Jul 1918 Maria Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov 1899-1918 (19) was executed
On 17 Jul 1918 Anastasia Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov -1918 was executed
On 17 Jul 1918 Alexei Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov -1918 was executed
On 17 Jul 1918 Nicholas Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov 1868-1918 (50) was executed
On 17 Jul 1918 Olga Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov 1895-1918 (22) was executed
On 17 Jul 1918 Tatiana Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov 1897-1918 (21) was executed
Walter Devereux 7th Baron Ferrers Chartley 1432-1485
was killed
. His son
John Devereux 8th Baron Ferrers Chartley 1464-1501
succeeded as
8th
Baron Ferrers Chartley
William Catesby 1450-1485
was
executed
at
Leicester, Leicestershire
after the battle.
George Stanley 9th Baron Strange Knockin, 5th Baron Mohun Dunster 1460-1504
held as a hostage by Richard III before the
Battle of Bosworth
.
Henry Percy 4th Earl Northumberland 1449-1489
betrayed
Richard III King England 1452-1485
by not committing his forces at the
Battle of Bosworth
.
John Iwardby 1449-1485
was killed
Thomas Cheadle was executed for having killed Richard Bulkeley -1650
William Butler was executed .
guillotined
hanged
On 23 Aug 1305 William Wallace -1305 was hanged at Elms, Smithfield, Farringdon Without, City of London .His head being displayed on London Bridge, Bridge, City of London .
On 20 Sep 1305 Nigel Bruce 1276-1305 (29) was hanged at Berwick on Tweed, Northumberland .
In 1306 Simon Fraser -1306 was hanged
After 26 Mar 1306 Christopher Seton 1278-1306 (28) was hanged .
On 04 Aug 1306 John Seton 1278-1306 (28) was hanged at Newcastle on Tyne, Northumberland following his capture by English forces after the fall of Tibbers Castle, Carronbridge
On 07 Nov 1306 John Strathbogie 9th Earl Atholl 1266-1306 (40) was hanged on a scaffold thirty feet higher than the others to denote his status at City of London . His son David Strathbogie 10th Earl Atholl -1326 succeeded as 10th Earl Atholl (1C ) .
On 09 Feb 1307 Alexander Bruce 1285-1307 (22) was hanged at Carlisle, Cumberland
On 09 Feb 1307 Thomas Bruce 1284-1307 (23) was hanged at Carlisle, Cumberland
In 1322 William Cheney 1275-1322 was hanged
On
16 Mar 1322
the rebel army led by
Thomas Plantagenet 2nd Earl Leicester, 2nd Earl Lancaster, 5th Earl Salisbury, 4th Earl Lincoln 1278-1322 (44)
attempted to cross the bridge over the River Ure (between Ripon and York) at
Boroughbridge, Yorkshire
.Their path was blocked by forces loyal to the King led by Andrew Harclay 1st Earl Carlisle 1270-1323 (52)
. .
Bartholomew Badlesmere 1st Baron Badlesmere 1275-1322 (46)
,
Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March 1287-1330 (34)
, John Botetort 1st Baron Botetort 1265-1324 (57)
and John Maltravers 1st Baron Maltravers 1290-1365 (32)
fought for the rebels.
Roger Clifford 2nd Baron Clifford 1300-1322 (22)
, Nicholas Longford 1288-1356 (34)
,
Thomas Plantagenet 2nd Earl Leicester, 2nd Earl Lancaster, 5th Earl Salisbury, 4th Earl Lincoln 1278-1322 (44)
, John Mowbray 2nd Baron Mowbray 1286-1322 (35)
were captured.
Warin Lisle 1271-1322 (51)
was
hanged
after the battle..
Following the battle
Hugh Audley 1st Earl Gloucester 1291-1347 (31)
and his wife
Margaret Clare Countess Gloucester -1342
were both imprisoned.He in
Nottingham Castle, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire
and she in
Sempringham Priory, Sempringham, Lincolnshire
.
John Clinton 2nd Baron Clinton 1300-1335 (22)
,
Ralph Greystoke 1st Baron Greystoke 1299-1323 (22)
, William Latimer 2nd Baron Latimer Corby 1276-1327 (46)
,
Robert Lisle 1st Baron Lisle 1288-1344 (34)
, Domhnall Mar II Earl Mar 1293-
and Peter Saltmarsh 1280-1338 (42)
fought for the King.
Adam Everingham 1st Baron Laxton 1279-1341 (43)
was captured.
Humphrey Bohun 4th Earl Hereford, 3rd Earl Essex 1276-1322 (46)
was killed
. His son
John Bohun 5th Earl Hereford, 4th Earl Essex 1307-1336 (15)
succeeded as
5th
Earl Hereford (6C 1199)
, 4th
Earl Essex (3C 1239)
.
On
23 Mar 1322
at
York, Yorkshire
...
Roger Clifford 2nd Baron Clifford 1300-1322 (22)
was
hanged
. His brother
Robert Clifford 3rd Baron Clifford 1305-1344 (16)
succeeded as
3rd
Baron Clifford
.
John Mowbray 2nd Baron Mowbray 1286-1322 (35)
was
hanged
. His son John Mowbray 3rd Baron Mowbray 1310-1361 (11)
succeeded as
3rd
Baron Mowbray (1C 1283)
.
On 03 Mar 1323 Andrew Harclay 1st Earl Carlisle 1270-1323 (53) was hanged for having negotiated a truce with the Scots at Carlisle, Cumberland
On 27 Oct 1326 Hugh "Elder" Despencer 1st Earl Winchester 1261-1326 (65) was hanged at Bristol, Gloucestershire .
Execution of Hugh Despencer the Elder
On
24 Nov 1326
Hugh "Younger" Despencer 1286-1326 (40)
was
hanged
in
Hereford, Herefordshire
. Isabella Capet Queen Consort England 1295-1358 (31)
and
Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March 1287-1330 (39)
were present.
He was dragged naked through the streets, for the crowd's mistreatment. He was made a spectacle, which included writing on his body biblical verses against the capital sins he was accused of. Then he was hanged as a mere commoner, yet released before full asphyxiation could happen.
He was then tied firmly to a ladder and his genitals sliced off and burned while he was still conscious. His entrails were slowly pulled out; finally, his heart was cut out and thrown into a fire.
His body was beheaded and cut into four pieces. His head was mounted on the gates of London.
On 29 Nov 1330 Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March 1287-1330 (43) was hanged naked at Tyburn, Middlesex accused of assuming royal power and of various other high misdemeanours.His body hung at the gallows for two days and nights. His grandson Roger Mortimer 2nd Earl March 1328-1360 (2) succeeded as 2nd Earl March (1C 1328) , 4th Baron Mortimer Wigmore .
On 12 Jan 1400 Thomas Blount 1352-1400 (48) was hanged at Oxford, Oxfordshire by Thomas Erpingham 1355-1428 (45) .
On
21 Jul 1403
Henry IV King England 1367-1413 (36)
, with his son the future
Henry V King England 1386-1422 (16)
, defeated the rebel army of
Henry "Hotspur" Percy 1364-1403 (39)
at the
Battle of Shrewsbury
at the site now known as
Battlefield, Shrewsbury, Shropshire
.
Henry V King England 1386-1422 (16)
took an arrow to the side of his face leaving him severely scarred.
John Stanley 1350-1414 (53)
was wounded in the throat.
Thomas Strickland 1367-1455 (36)
fought and was awarded £38 and two of the rebel Henry's horses.
Richard Beauchamp 13th Earl Warwick 1382-1439 (21)
fought for the King.
Walter Blount 1348-1403 (55)
, the King's Standard Bearer, was killed
by Archibald Douglas 1st Duke Touraine 1372-1424 (31)
.
Edmund Cockayne 1356-1403 (47)
was killed
.
Edmund Stafford 5th Earl Stafford 1378-1403 (25)
was killed
. His son
Humphrey Stafford 1st Duke Buckingham 1402-1460
succeeded as
6th
Earl Stafford (1C 1351)
, 7th
Baron Stafford (1C 1299)
.
Anne Neville Duchess Buckingham
by marriage
Baroness Stafford (1C 1299)
.
Hugh Shirley 1351-1403 (52)
was killed
; he was one of four knights dressed as
Henry IV King England 1367-1413 (36)
.
Of the rebels,
Henry "Hotspur" Percy 1364-1403 (39)
, Madog Kynaston 1360-1403 (43)
and
John Clifton -1403
were killed
.
Thomas Percy 1st Earl Worcester 1343-1403 (60)
was
beheaded
after the battle.
Richard Vernon 1355-1403 (48)
was
hanged
.
Before
20 Feb 1462
John Vere 12th Earl Oxford 1408-1462 (53)
, his son
Aubrey Vere -1462
and Thomas Tuddenham 1401-1462 (60)
were arrested for treason against
King Edward IV (19)
.They were subsequently tried by
John "Butcher of England" Tiptoft 1st Earl Worcester 1427-1470 (34)
.
On
20 Feb 1462
Aubrey Vere -1462
was
executed
at
Tower Hill
.
On
23 Feb 1462
William Tyrrell 1408-1462 (54)
, John Montgomery -1462
and Thomas Tuddenham 1401-1462 (60)
were
beheaded
at
Tower Hill
.
On
26 Feb 1462
John Vere 12th Earl Oxford 1408-1462 (53)
was
hanged
at
Tower Hill
. His son
John Vere 13th Earl Oxford 1442-1513 (19)
succeeded as
13th
Earl Oxford (2C 1141)
.
Trial and Execution of Ankarette Twynyho
On
22 Dec 1476
Isabel Neville 1451-1476 (25)
died in childbirth
.
George York 1st Duke Clarence 1449-1478 (27)
believed she had been murdered by Ankarette Twynyho -1477
. Her son
Edward "Last Plantagenet" York 17th Earl Warwick 1475-1499 (1)
succeeded as
17th
Earl Warwick (1C 1088)
.
On
12 Apr 1477
Ankarette Twynyho -1477
was arrested at
Keyford, Somerset
and taken to
Bath, Somerset
.
On
13 Apr 1477
Ankarette Twynyho -1477
taken to
Cirencester, Gloucestershire
.
On
15 Apr 1477
Ankarette Twynyho -1477
was
hanged
at
Myton Gallows, Warwick, Warwickshire
. John Thursby -1477
was
executed
at
Myton Gallows, Warwick, Warwickshire
.
In
1478
Ankarette Twynyho -1477
was pardoned by
Edward IV King England 1442-1483 (34)
.
On
28 Apr 1489
Henry Percy 4th Earl Northumberland 1449-1489 (40)
was
hanged
at
York, Yorkshire
by the rebels when attempting to collect the tax. On
28 Apr 1489
His son
Henry Percy 5th Earl Northumberland 1478-1527 (11)
succeeded as
5th
Earl Northumberland (1C 1377)
.
The King then sent an army of 8000 north led by
Thomas Howard 2nd Duke Norfolk 1443-1524 (46)
.The rebels dispersed; their leader John à Chambre was hanged for treason. The rebels then chose
John Percy 1459-
as their leader. His leadership proved less than reliable; he eventually fled to the court of
Margaret Duchess of Burgundy 1446-1503 (42)
(sister of Edward IV and Richard III) who remained sympathetic to the Yorkist cause.
Trial and Execution of Perkin Warbreck and Edward Earl of Warwick
On 23 Nov 1499 Perkin Warbreck 1474-1499 (25) was hanged at Tyburn, Middlesex during the Trial and Execution of Perkin Warbreck and Edward Earl of Warwick
On 05 Feb 1523 Agnes Cotell 1485-1523 (38) and William Mathewe were hanged at Tyburn, Middlesex for the murder of her first husband.
On 02 Jun 1537 Thomas Percy 1504-1537 (33) , Francis Bigod 1507-1537 (29) , and John Bulmer -1537 and Ralph Bulmer -1537 were hanged at Tyburn .
On 06 Jul 1537 Robert Constable 1478-1537 (59) was hanged in chains from the Beverley Gate in Kingston upon Hull witnessed by Thomas Howard 3rd Duke Norfolk (64) .
On 12 Jul 1537 Robert Aske 1500-1537 (37) was hanged at York, Yorkshire[York]. William Lumley -1537 and Nicholas Tempest 1480-1537 (57) were hanged at Tyburn, Middlesex .
In Aug 1540 Giles Heron 1504-1540 (36) was hanged at Tyburn, Middlesex for treason; not clear what his crime was?
Trial of Thomas Fiennes 9th Baron Dacre
On 29 Jun 1541 Thomas Fiennes 9th Baron Dacre Gilsland 1515-1541 (26) was hanged at Tyburn .
Around 1556 Hans Eworth 1520-1574 (36) . Portrait of Mary Neville Baroness Dacre Gilsland 1524-1576 (32) with an inset portrait of husband Thomas Fiennes 9th Baron Dacre Gilsland 1515-1541 .
Catherine Howard Tyburn Executions
On
10 Dec 1541
. At
Tyburn
....
Francis Dereham (28)
was
hanged
.
Thomas Culpepper 1514-1541 (27)
was
beheaded
. He was buried at
St Sepulchre-without-Newgate, Holborn, Middlesex
.
On 20 Sep 1586 Anthony Babington 1561-1586 (24) , John Ballard -1586 , Henry Donn -1586 , Thomas Salusbury 1564-1586 (22) and Chideock Tichbourne 1562-1586 (24) were hanged at St Giles' Field, Holborn, Middlesex for their involvement
On 14 Feb 1601 Thomas Lee 1551-1601 (50) was hanged at Tyburn, Middlesex
On 30 Jan 1606 Everard Digby 1578-1606 (28) was hanged at Old St Paul's Cathedral Churchyard, Old St Paul's Cathedral, Castle Baynard, City of London .
On 29 Jun 1612 Robert Crichton 8th Lord Sanquhar -1612 was hanged in Westminster Palace Yard, Westminster Palace, Westminster for having arranged the murder of his fencing master John Turner who had previously disfigured him during practice.At his trial Francis Bacon 1st Viscount St Alban 1561-1626 (51) read the charges.
In 1576 Nicholas Hilliard Painter 1547-1619 (29) , whilst in France , painted a portrait of Francis Bacon 1st Viscount St Alban 1561-1626 (14) who was attached to the English Embassy at the time.
In 1731 (Copy of 1618 original). John Vanderbank 1694-1739 (36) . Portrait of Francis Bacon 1st Viscount St Alban 1561-1626 .
On 21 May 1650 James Graham 1st Marquess Montrose 1612-1650 (37) was hanged at Edinburgh . His son James Graham 2nd Marquess Montrose 1631-1669 (19) succeeded as 2nd Marquess Montrose
In 1660 Adrian Scrope 1601-1660 (58) was hanged at Charing Cross, Westminster
On 05 May 1760 Laurence Shirley 4th Earl Ferrers 1720-1760 (39) was hanged at Tyburn, Middlesex (the last peer to be hanged). His brother Washington Shirley 5th Earl Ferrers 1722-1778 (37) succeeded as 5th Earl Ferrers
On 12 Jun 1786 George Robert "Fighting Fitzgerald" Fitzgerald 1748-1786 (38) was hanged for conspiracy to murder Patrick Randall McDonnell an attorney who had acted for his father in their legal disputes, and with whom in consequence he had a longstanding feud at Castlebar, County Mayo
hanged, drawn and quartered
On 03 Oct 1283 Dafydd ap Gruffudd Aberffraw Prince Wales 1238-1283 (45) was hanged, drawn and quartered at Shrewsbury, Shropshire . The first prominent person known to have suffered being hanged, drawn and quartered. Dafydd (45) was dragged through the streets of Shrewsbury, Shropshire attached to a horse's tail, then hanged alive, revived, then disembowelled and his entrails burned before him for "his sacrilege in committing his crimes in the week of Christ's passion", and then his body cut into four-quarters "for plotting the king's death". Geoffrey of Shrewsbury was paid 20 shillings for carrying out the act.
On 28 Feb 1347 John Graham Earl Menteith -1347 was hanged, drawn and quartered by direct orders of King Edward I to whom he had previously sworn fealty.
In 1351 the Treason Act defined Treason for the first time: High Treason and Petty Treason, and the associated penalties. Hanging, drawing an quartering for men, burning for women.
On 15 Jul 1381 John Ball 1338-1381 was hanged, drawn and quartered in St Albans, Hertfordshire in the presence of Richard II King England 1367-1400 (14) .
On 07 May 1537 Thomas Moigne 1510-1537 (27) was hanged, drawn and quartered at Lincoln, Lincolnshire .
On 07 Apr 1606 Humphrey Lyttelton 1562-1606 (44) was hanged, drawn and quartered at Red Hill, Worcester, Worcestershire for his involvement in the Gunpowder Plot .
On 20 Jun 1684 Thomas Armstrong 1633-1684 (51) was dragged by hurdle to Tower Hill, City of London where he was hanged, drawn and quartered for his involvement in the Rye House Plot .
On 30 Oct 1685 John Ayloffe 1645-1685 (40) was hanged, drawn and quartered at Temple Bar, Fleet Street, City of London for his part in the Argyll's Rising .
stoned to death
In 34 Saint Stephen 5-34 was stoned to death .
strangled
On 26 Jul 1518 Edward Hungerford -1522 was strangled by his wife Agnes Cotell 1485-1523 (33) at Farleigh Hungreford Castle with the aid of William Mathewe and William Inges, yeomen of Heytesbury, Wiltshire .