Biography of Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland 1662-1694

Paternal Family Tree: Stewart

Maternal Family Tree: Anne Denman 1581-1661

1677 Marriage of William of Orange and Princess Mary Stewart

1685 Death and Burial of Charles II

1688 Abdication of James II

1689 Coronation William III and Mary II

1689 Act of Poll

1690 Battle of the Boyne

1692 William III Creation of New Lords

1694 Death and Funeral of Queen Mary II

1696 Plot to Assassinate King William III

1702 Death of King William III

Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland was christened at Chapel Royal, St James's Palace.

On 14 Oct 1633 [her father] King James II of England Scotland and Ireland was born to [her grandfather] King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 32) and [her grandmother] Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England (age 23) at St James's Palace [Map]. He was created 1st Duke York at birth by his father.

On 06 Nov 1650 William Orange Nassau II Prince Orange (age 24) died. His son [her future husband] King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland succeeded III Prince Orange.

On 03 Sep 1660 [her father] King James II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 26) and [her mother] Anne Hyde Queen Consort England (age 23) were married in secret. She by marriage Duchess York. She gave birth to their son [her brother] Charles Stewart seven weeks later. She the daughter of Edward Hyde 1st Earl Clarendon (age 51) and Frances Aylesbury Countess Clarendon (age 43). He the son of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England (age 50).

On 30 Apr 1662 Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland was born to King James II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 28) and Anne Hyde Queen Consort England (age 25) at St James's Palace [Map].

Pepy's Diary. 01 May 1662. Sir G. Carteret (age 52), Sir W. Pen (age 41), and myself, with our clerks, set out this morning from Portsmouth, Hampshire [Map] very early, and got by noon to Petersfield, Hampshire; several officers of the Yard accompanying us so far. Here we dined and were merry. At dinner comes my Lord Carlingford (age 59) from London, going to Portsmouth, Hampshire [Map]: tells us that the [her mother] Duchess of York (age 25) is brought to bed of a girl, [Mary, afterwards Queen of England.] at which I find nobody pleased; and that Prince Rupert (age 42) and the Duke of Buckingham (age 34) are sworn of the Privy Councell. He himself made a dish with eggs of the butter of the sparagus, which is very fine meat, which I will practise hereafter.

Evelyn's Diary. 01 Sep 1662. Being invited by Lord Berkeley (age 34), I went to Durdans, where dined his Majesty (age 32), the Queen (age 23), Duke, [her mother] Duchess (age 25), Prince Rupert (age 42), Prince Edward, and abundance of noblemen. I went, after dinner, to visit my brother (age 45) of Woodcot, my sister having been delivered of a son a little before, but who had now been two days dead.

On 06 Feb 1665 [her sister] Queen Anne of England Scotland and Ireland was born to [her father] King James II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 31) and [her mother] Anne Hyde Queen Consort England (age 27) at St James's Palace [Map] at 11:39pm being their fourth child and second daughter. She was baptised Anglican in the Chapel Royal with her elder sister Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland (age 2) being Godparent as well as Anne Scott Duchess Monmouth and Buccleuch (age 13) and Archbishop Gilbert Sheldon (age 66).

Pepy's Diary. 02 Apr 1669. Up, and by water to White Hall, and there with the Office attended the Duke of York (age 35), and staid in White Hall till about noon, and so with W. Hewer (age 27) to the Cocke (age 52), and there he and I dined alone with great content, he reading to me, for my memory's sake, my late collections of the history of the Navy, that I might represent the same by and by to the Duke of York (age 35); and so, after dinner, he and I to White Hall, and there to the Duke of York's (age 35) lodgings, whither he, by and by, by his appointment come: and alone with him an hour in his closet, telling him mine and W. Coventry's (age 41) advice touching the present posture of the Navy, as the Duke of Buckingham (age 41) and the rest do now labour to make changes therein; and that it were best for him to suffer the King (age 38) to be satisfied with the bringing in of a man or two which they desire. I did also give the Duke of York (age 35) a short account of the history of the Navy, as to our Office, wherewith he was very well satisfied: but I do find that he is pretty stiff against their bringing in of men against his mind, as the Treasures were, and particularly against Child's' coming in, because he is a merchant. After much discourse with him, we parted; and [he to] the Council, while I staid waiting for his telling me when I should be ready to give him a written account of the administration of the Navy. This caused me to wait the whole afternoon, till night. In the mean time, stepping to the [her mother] Duchess of York's (age 32) side to speak with Lady Peterborough (age 47); I did see the young Duchess (age 6)1, a little child in hanging sleeves; dance most finely, so as almost to ravish me, her ears were so good: taught by a Frenchman that did heretofore teach the King (age 38), and all the King's children, and the [her grandmother] Queen-Mother (age 59) herself, who do still dance well.

Note 1. The Princess Mary (age 6), afterwards Queen of England.

Around 1670 Edward Lake (age 28) was appointed Chaplain to Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland (age 7) and [her sister] Queen Anne of England Scotland and Ireland (age 4).

On 31 Mar 1671 [her mother] Anne Hyde Queen Consort England (age 34) died.

On 20 Sep 1673 [her father] King James II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 39) and [her step-mother] Mary of Modena Queen Consort England Scotland and Ireland (age 14) were married. The difference in their ages was 24 years. He the son of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England.

Around 1676 Peter Lely (age 57). Portrait of Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland (age 13).

Evelyn's Diary. 01 Aug 1676. In the afternoon, after prayers at St. James's Chapel, was christened a daughter of Dr. Leake's (age 34), the [her father] Duke's (age 42) Chaplain: godmothers were Lady Mary (age 14), daughter of the Duke of York (age 42), and the Duchess of Monmouth (age 25): godfather, the Earl of Bath (age 47).

Before 1677 Barbara Villiers Viscountess Fitzhardinge (age 23) became a Maid of Honour to the daughters of [her father] King James II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 43): Princess Mary (age 14) and [her sister] Princess Anne (age 11) and possibly others.

Evelyn's Diary. 23 Oct 1677. Saw again the [her future husband] Prince of Orange (age 26); his marriage with the Lady Mary (age 15), eldest daughter to the [her father] Duke of York (age 44), by [her mother] Mrs. Hyde, the late Duchess, was now declared.

Marriage of William of Orange and Princess Mary Stewart

On 04 Nov 1677 King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 27) and Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland (age 15) were married. She by marriage Princess Orange. She the daughter of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 44) and Anne Hyde Queen Consort England. They were first cousins. He a grandson of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland.

Evelyn's Diary. 15 Nov 1677. The Queen's (age 38) birthday, a great ball at Court, where the [her husband] Prince of Orange (age 27) and his new Princess (age 15) danced.

In 1679 Bishop Thomas Ken (age 41) was appointed Chaplain to Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland (age 16).

Death and Burial of Charles II

On 06 Feb 1685 [her uncle] King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 54) died at 1145 in the morning at Whitehall Palace [Map] attended by Charles Scarburgh (age 69). His brother [her father] King James II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 51) succeeded II King England Scotland and Ireland. [her step-mother] Mary of Modena Queen Consort England Scotland and Ireland (age 26) by marriage Queen Consort England Scotland and Ireland. His brother King James II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 51), William Chiffinch (age 83), Richard Mason (age 52) and Archbishop William Sancroft (age 68) were present. Duke York merged with the Crown.

Evelyn's Diary. 04 Jun 1685. Then the [her father] King (age 51) rose, the Lords accompanying him to his bed-chamber, where, whilst he repos'd himselfe, tired indeede as he was with griefe and watching, they return'd againe Into the Council-chamber to take order for the proclaiming his Ma*, which (after some debate) they consented should be in the very forme his grandfather K. James I. was, after ye death of Queene Elizabeth; as likewise that the Lords, &c. should proceede in their coaches thro' the Citty for the more solemnity of it. Upon this was I, and severall other Gentlemen waiting in the Privy-gallerie, admitted into ye Council-chamber to be witnesse of what was resolv'd on. Thence with the Lords, the Lord Marshall and Heraulds, and other Crowne Officers being ready, we first went to White-hall gate, where the Lords stood on foote bare-headed, whilst the Herauld proclaim'd his Majesty's title to the Imperial Crowne and Succession according to ye forme, the trumpets and kettle-drums having first sounded 3 times, which ended with the people's acclamations. Then a Herauld call'd the Lords' coaches according to rank, myselfe accompanying the solemnity in my Lord Cornwallis's (age 29) coach, first to Temple Barr, where the Lord Maior and his brethren met us on horseback, in all theire formalities, and proclaim'd the King; hence to the Exchange in Cornhill, and so we return'd in the order we set forth. Being come to Whitehall, we all went and kiss'd the King (age 51) and [her step-mother] Queenes (age 26) hands. He had ben on ye bed, but was now risen and in his undresse. The Queene (age 23) was in bed in her appartment, but put forth her hand, seeming to be much afflicted, as I believe she was, having deported herselfe so decently upon all occasions since she came into England, which made her universally belov'd. Thus concluded this sad and not joyfull day.

In 1686 Catherine Sedley Countess Dorchester and Portmore (age 28) was created 1st Earl Dorchester for life by [her father] King James II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 52) for services as his mistress. Her father Charles Sedley 5th Baronet (age 46) quipped "As the king (age 52) has made my daughter a countess, the least I can do, in common gratitude, is to assist in making his Majesty's daughter (age 23) a queen".

Around 1686 Willem Wissing (age 30). Portrait of Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland (age 23).

Evelyn's Diary. 08 Jul 1688. One of the [her father] King's (age 54) chaplains preached before the Princess (age 26) on Exodus xiv. 13, "Stand still, and behold the salvation of the Lord", which he applied so boldly to the present conjuncture of the Church of England, that more could scarce be said to encourage desponders. The Popish priests were not able to carry their cause against their learned adversaries, who confounded them both by their disputes and writings.

Evelyn's Diary. 02 Nov 1688. It was now certainly reported by some who saw the fleet, and the [her husband] Prince (age 37) embark, that they sailed from the Brill on Wednesday morning, and that the Princess of Orange (age 26) was there to take leave of her husband.

Abdication of James II

On 23 Dec 1688 [her father] King James II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 55) Abdicated II King England Scotland and Ireland. His daughter Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland (age 26) succeeded II Queen England Scotland and Ireland. His nephew [her husband] King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 38) succeeded IIi King England Scotland and Ireland.

In 1689 Frederick Schomberg 1st Duke Schomberg (age 73) was appointed 497th Knight of the Garter by [her husband] King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 38) and Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland (age 26).

In 1689 William Cavendish 1st Duke Devonshire (age 48) was appointed 498th Knight of the Garter by [her husband] King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 38) and Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland (age 26).

After 1689 Dr Henry Dove was appointed Chaplain to [her husband] King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 38) and Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland (age 26).

Evelyn's Diary. 15 Jan 1689. I visited the Archbishop of Canterbury (age 71), where I found the Bishops of St. Asaph (age 61), Ely (age 51), Bath and Wells (age 51), Peterborough (age 61), and Chichester (age 65), the Earls of Aylesbury (age 33) and [her uncle] Clarendon, Sir George Mackenzie (age 53), Lord-Advocate of Scotland, and then came in a Scotch Archbishop, etc. After prayers and dinner, divers serious matters were discoursed, concerning the present state of the Public, and sorry I was to find there was as yet no accord in the judgments of those of the Lords and Commons who were to convene; some would have the Princess (age 26) made Queen without any more dispute, others were for a Regency; there was a Tory party (then so called), who were for inviting his [her father] Majesty (age 55) again upon conditions; and there were Republicans who would make the [her husband] Prince of Orange (age 38) like a Stadtholder. The Romanists were busy among these several parties to bring them into confusion: most for ambition or other interest, few for conscience and moderate resolutions. I found nothing of all this in this assembly of Bishops, who were pleased to admit me into their discourses; they were all for a Regency, thereby to salve their oaths, and so all public matters to proceed in his Majesty's (age 55) name, by that to facilitate the calling of Parliament, according to the laws in being. Such was the result of this meeting.

Evelyn's Diary. 15 Jan 1689. The great convention being assembled the day before, falling upon the question about the government, resolved that [her father] King James (age 55) having by the advice of the Jesuits and other wicked persons endeavored to subvert the laws of the Church and State, and deserted the Kingdom, carrying away the seals, etc., without any care for the management of the government, had by demise abdicated himself and wholly vacated his right; they did therefore desire the Lords' concurrence to their vote, to place the crown on the next heir, the [her husband] Prince of Orange (age 38), for his life, then to the Princess (age 26), his wife, and if she died without issue, to the [her sister] Princess of Denmark (age 23), and she failing, to the heirs of the Prince (age 55), excluding forever all possibility of admitting a Roman Catholic.

Evelyn's Diary. 06 Feb 1689. The Princess (age 26) hourly expected. Forces sending to Ireland, that kingdom being in great danger by the Earl of Tyrconnel's (age 59) army, and expectations from France coming to assist them, but that King was busy in invading Flanders, and encountering the German Princes. It is likely that this will be the most remarkable summer for action, which has happened in many years.

Evelyn's Diary. 06 Feb 1689. The Convention of the Lords and Commons now declare the [her husband] Prince (age 38) and Princess (age 26) of Orange King and Queen of England, France, and Ireland (Scotland being an independent kingdom), the Prince (age 38) and Princess (age 26) being to enjoy it jointly during their lives; but the executive authority to be vested in the Prince (age 38) during life, though all proceedings to run in both names, and that it should descend to their issue, and for want of such, to the [her sister] Princess Anne of Denmark (age 24) and her issue, and in want of such, to the heirs of the body of the Prince, if he survive, and that failing, to devolve to the Parliament, as they should think fit. These produced a conference with the Lords, when also there was presented heads of such new laws as were to be enacted. It is thought on these conditions they will be proclaimed.

Evelyn's Diary. 21 Feb 1689. I saw the new Queen (age 26) and [her husband] King (age 38), with great acclamation and general good reception. Bonfires, bells, guns, etc. It was believed that both, especially the Princess (age 26), would have shown some (seeming) reluctance at least, of assuming her [her father] father's (age 55) crown, and made some apology, testifying by her regret that he should by his mismanagement necessitate the nation to so extraordinary a proceeding, which would have shown very handsomely to the world, and according to the character given of her piety; consonant also to her husband's (age 38) first declaration, that there was no intention of deposing the King (age 55), but of succoring the nation; but nothing of all this appeared; she came into Whitehall laughing and jolly, as to a wedding, so as to seem quite transported. She rose early the next morning, and in her undress, as it was reported, before her women were up, went about from room to room to see the convenience of Whitehall; lay in the same bed and apartment where the late [her step-mother] Queen (age 30) lay, and within a night or two sat down to play at basset, as the Queen (age 30), her predecessor used to do. She smiled upon and talked to everybody, so that no change seemed to have taken place at Court since her last going away, save that infinite crowds of people thronged to see her, and that she went to our prayers. This carriage was censured by many. She seems to be of a good nature, and that she takes nothing to heart: while the Prince (age 38), her husband, has a thoughtful countenance, is wonderfully serious and silent, and seems to treat all persons alike gravely, and to be very intent on affairs: Holland, Ireland, and France calling for his care.

Coronation William III and Mary II

On 11 Apr 1689 [her husband] King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 38) and Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland (age 26) were crowned II King England Scotland and Ireland at Westminster Abbey [Map].

John Ashburnham 1st Baron Ashburnham (age 33) carried the canopy being one of the Barons of the Cinque Ports.

George Compton 4th Earl of Northampton (age 24) bore the King's sceptre and cross at Westminster Abbey [Map].

Evelyn's Diary. 11 Apr 1689. I saw the procession to and from the Abbey Church of Westminster [Map], with the great feast in Westminster Hall [Map], at the coronation of King William and Queen Mary. What was different from former coronations, was some alteration in the coronation oath. Dr. Burnet (age 45), now made Bishop of Sarum, preached with great applause. The Parliament men had scaffolds and places which took up the one whole side of the Hall [Map]. When the [her husband] King (age 38) and Queen (age 26) had dined, the ceremony of the Champion, and other services by tenure were performed. The Parliament men were feasted in the Exchequer chamber, and had each of them a gold medal given them, worth five-and-forty shillings. On the one side were the effigies of the King and Queen inclining one to the other; on the reverse was Jupiter throwing a bolt at Phäeton the words, "Ne totus absumatur": which was but dull, seeing they might have had out of the poet something as apposite. The sculpture was very mean.

On 22 Apr 1689 Elizabeth Butler Countess Derby (age 29) was appointed Principal Lady in Waiting to Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland (age 26) as well as Groom of the Stool and Mistress of the Robes attracting a salary of £1200 per annum (£800 and £400 respectively).

Evelyn's Diary. 12 Apr 1689. Scotland declares for [her husband] King William (age 38) and Queen Mary (age 26), with the reasons of their setting aside [her father] King James (age 55), not as abdicating, but forfeiting his right by maladministration; they proceeded with much more caution and prudence than we did, who precipitated all things to the great reproach of the nation, all which had been managed by some crafty, ill-principled men. The new Privy Council have a Republican spirit, manifestly undermining all future succession of the Crown and prosperity of the Church of England, which yet I hope they will not be able to accomplish so soon as they expect, though they get into all places of trust and profit.

Act of Poll

Evelyn's Diary. 26 Apr 1689. A fight by Admiral Herbert (age 41) with the French, he imprudently setting on them in a creek as they were landing men in Ireland, by which we came off with great slaughter and little honor-so strangely negligent and remiss were we in preparing a timely and sufficient fleet. The Scots Commissioners offer the crown to the new King and Queen on conditions. Act of Poll money came forth, sparing none. Now appeared the Act of Indulgence for the Dissenters, but not exempting them from paying dues to the Church of England clergy, or serving in office according to law, with several other clauses. A most splendid embassy from Holland to congratulate the [her husband] King (age 38) and Queen (age 26) on their accession to the crown.

Grant to the King and Queen of 10s. in every £100 of Personal Estate.

Wee Your Majestyes most Dutyfull and Loyal Subjects the Commons Assembled in Parlyament haveing entred into a Serious Consideration of the great and extraordinary Expences in which Your Majesties are Engaged for the Reduceing of Ireland and for the Carrying on the Warr against the French King In order towards the Enabling Your Majesties to Prosecute the said Ends with Speede and Vigour doe most humbly present to Your Majestyes a Free Gift of the severall Sums of Money hereafter specified Beseeching Your Majestyes that it may be Enacted And bee it Enacted by the King and Queens most Excellent Majestyes by and with the Advice and Consent of the Lords Spirituall and Temporall and of the Commons in this present Parliament Assembled and by the Authoritie of the same That all and every Person and Persons Bodies Politick and Corporate Guilds or Fraternities within this Kingdome of England Dominion of Wales or Towne of Berwicke upon Tweede haveing any Personall Estate either in Debts oweing to them within this Realme or without which he she or they doe not account as desperate other then such Debts as now are or shall be oweing from Their Majestyes (over and besides such just Debts as he she or they shall bona fide owe) or in ready Moneys shall yield and pay unto Their Majestyes for every Hundred pounds in such Debts and ready Moneys the Summe of Ten shillings (to be paid by the Lender notwithstanding any Agreement to the contrary) to be Assessed Imposed Levyed and Collected in manner herein after mentioned.

II. Public Officers (Exceptions) to pay is. for every 20s. of the Profits of their Offices.

III. Pensions, &c. from Government exceeding £20 per Ann. to pay is in the Pound.

IV. Judges, Serjeants at Law, Barristers, Advocates, and Persons practising Physick, to pay 3s. in the Pound.

V. Rates of Payments by Peers, &c.

VI. Gentleman having Estate of £300 or more, to pay 20s. though an Infant; under that Estate, on Oath, not charged.

VII. Archbishop, £50. Bishop, £20. Deans, £10. Archdeacons, £2. 10s.

etc.

Evelyn's Diary. 19 Jul 1689. The Convention (or Parliament as some called it) sitting, exempt the Duke of Hanover (age 29) from the succession to the crown, which they seem to confine to the present new [her husband] King (age 38), his wife (age 27), and [her sister] Princess Anne of Denmark (age 24), who is so monstrously swollen, that it is doubted whether her being thought with child may prove a TYMPANY only, so that the unhappy family of the Stuarts seems to be extinguishing; and then what government is likely to be next set up is unknown, whether regal and by election, or otherwise, the Republicans and Dissenters from the Church of England evidently looking that way.

Evelyn's Diary. 05 Nov 1689. The Bishop of St. Asaph (age 62), Lord Almoner, preached before the [her husband] King (age 39) and Queen (age 27), the whole discourse being an historical narrative of the Church of England's several deliverances, especially that of this anniversary, signalized by being also the birthday of the Prince of Orange, his marriage (which was on the 4th), and his landing at Torbay this day. There was a splendid ball and other rejoicings.

In 1690 Frederick I King Prussia (age 32) was appointed 499th Knight of the Garter by [her husband] King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 39) and Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland (age 27).

In 1690 George Wilhelm Hanover Duke Brunswick-Lüneburg (age 65) was appointed 500th Knight of the Garter by [her husband] King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 39) and Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland (age 27).

Evelyn's Diary. 09 Mar 1690. I dined at the Bishop of St. Asaph's (age 62), Almoner to the new Queen (age 27), with the famous lawyer Sir George Mackenzie (age 54) (late Lord Advocate of Scotland), against whom both the Bishop (age 62) and myself had written and published books, but now most friendly reconciled. He related to us many particulars of Scotland, the present sad condition of it, the inveterate hatred which the Presbyterians show to the family of the Stuarts, and the exceeding tyranny of those bigots who acknowledge no superior on earth, in civil or divine matters, maintaining that the people only have the right of government; their implacable hatred to the Episcopal Order and Church of England. He observed that the first Presbyterian dissents from our discipline were introduced by the Jesuits' order, about the 20 of Queen Elizabeth, a famous Jesuit among them feigning himself a Protestant, and who was the first who began to pray extempore, and brought in that which they since called, and are still so fond of, praying by the Spirit. This Jesuit remained many years before he was discovered, afterward died in Scotland, where he was buried at ... having yet on his. Monument, "Rosa inter spinas"..

Evelyn's Diary. 04 Jun 1690. [her husband] King William (age 39) set forth on his Irish expedition, leaving the Queen (age 28) Regent.

Battle of the Boyne

Evelyn's Diary. 24 Jun 1690. Dined with Mr. Pepys (age 57), who the next day was sent to the Gatehouse, and several great persons to the Tower [Map], on suspicion of being affected to [her father] King James (age 56); among them was the [her uncle] Earl of Clarendon, the Queen's (age 28) uncle. [her husband] King William (age 39) having vanquished King James (age 56) in Ireland, there was much public rejoicing. It seems the Irish in King James's (age 56) army would not stand, but the English-Irish and French made great resistance. Schomberg (age 74) was slain, and Dr. Walker, who so bravely defended Londonderry. King William (age 39) received a slight wound by the grazing of a cannon bullet on his shoulder, which he endured with very little interruption of his pursuit. Hamilton (age 55), who broke his word about Tyrconnel (age 60), was taken. It is reported that King James (age 56) is gone back to France. Drogheda [Map] and Dublin [Map] surrendered, and if King William (age 39) be returning, we may say of him as Cæsar said, "Veni, vidi, vici". But to alloy much of this, the French fleet rides in our channel, ours not daring to interpose, and the enemy threatening to land.

In 1691 Bishop Thomas Ken (age 53) was deprived of his See by [her husband] King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 40) and Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland (age 28). He was given lodgings at Longleat House by Thomas Thynne 1st Viscount Weymouth (age 51) with whom he was at Oxford. He resided at Longleat for some twenty years.

John Ashton Edmund Elliot Richard Graham 1691. On Fryday, the 2d day of this Sessions, my Lord Preston (age 41), John Ashton and Edmund Elliot, were all Arrained for High Treason, my Lord Preston (age 41) was Tryed on Saturday by the name of Sir Richard Graham, Mr. Ashton on Monday. The Indictments against them consisted of Two Parts, the First of which set forth, That they had a Treasonable Design carrying on to Depose the King and Queen, and to Subvert and Alter the Government of the Kingdom of England, and to raise War and Rebellion in the same; which said Traiterous and Wicked Designs and Purposes to bring to pass, they did, on the 29th of December last, Meet and Conspire together, with several other Traitors not yet discovered, and did Compose several Treasonable Letters, Notes and Memorandums in writing, which set forth the most effectual way and means how they might Dethrone and Depose our Most Gracious Sovereign Lord and Lady the [her husband] King (age 40) and Queen (age 28), and further describing therein how the Affairs of this Kingdom stood, and of what Strength and Force our Shipping was; as also the Fortifications of several Sea-Port-Towns within this Kingdom. The Second Part was their adhering to the Kings's Enemies: And to that end, that they might Acquaint Lewis the French King of the same, they did hire a Boat and Embarque themselves in order to Transport themselves and Pacquet of Treasonable Letters into France, agreeing to pay for their said Passages the Sum of One hundred Pound; and, in order to their Treasonable Voyage, they had made their Passage as far as below Gravesend [Map], but were then Taken by Captain Billop, who Cruised abroad to search for them.

After this the Evidence for the King (age 40) being called, gave an Account particularly from Step to Step, how cunningly and subtilly they managed this horrid Conspiracy, by hiring the Smack called the Thomas and Elizabeth, to convey them secretly into France; in order to which they took Water in a Skuller at Surrey-Stairs, and went on Board the aforesaid Vessel, which lay in the River of Thames over against the Tower [Map]: From thence they set Sail down the River, till coming within the View of the George Frigate, lying in Long-reach, they desired the Master of the Smack to hide them under the Quarter-Hatches; which was done, they having some Fear of being discovered: There they remained till past that Danger, and then came up; but when they were within Sight of Gravesend [Map] they hid again, and a little below it Captain Billop came aboard them, under Pretence of Pressing the Masters two Men, who were assistants to him; but indeed his Design and real Intention was to find out those Traytors, which, upon Search, he found lying along under the Hatches; and after their being haled up he search'd them, and found a Pacquet of Treasonable Papers in Mr. Ashton's Bosom: which he with the Prisoners carried before my Lord Nottingham; who examined the Papers, and after being examined by the Cabinet Council they were committed to the Tower. The Evidence was very full and plain against them both, much to the same effect and purport: The Letters being also Read against them in Court, were adjudged to be of no less Import than High-Treason. Upon the whole they had nothing material to offer in their Defence; so after a very long hearing, they were both found Guilty of High Treason. Edmond Elliot was ordered to remain till further order.

Evelyn's Diary. 11 Jul 1691. I dined with Mr. Pepys (age 58), where was Dr. Cumberland (age 59), the new Bishop of Norwich [Note. Should be John Moore Bishop], Dr. Lloyd (age 54) having been put out for not acknowledging the Government. Cumberland [Note. John Moore Bishop 1646-1707] is a very learned, excellent man. Possession was now given to Dr. Tillotson (age 60), at Lambeth, by the Sheriff; Archbishop Sancroft was gone (age 74), but had left his nephew to keep possession; and he refusing to deliver it up on the Queen's message (age 29), was dispossessed by the Sheriff, and imprisoned. This stout demeanor of the few Bishops who refused to take the oaths to [her husband] King William (age 40), animated a great party to forsake the churches, so as to threaten a schism; though those who looked further into the ancient practice, found that when (as formerly) there were Bishops displaced on secular accounts, the people never refused to acknowledge the new Bishops, provided they were not heretics. The truth is, the whole clergy had till now stretched the duty of passive obedience, so that the proceedings against these Bishops gave no little occasion of exceptions; but this not amounting to heresy, there was a necessity of receiving the new Bishops, to prevent a failure of that order in the Church. I went to visit [her uncle] Lord Clarendon in the Tower, but he was gone into the country for air by the Queen's (age 29) permission, under the care of his warden.

In 1692 John George Wettin IV Elector Saxony (age 23) was appointed 501st Knight of the Garter by [her husband] King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 41) and Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland (age 29).

William III Creation of New Lords

Evelyn's Diary. 28 Feb 1692. Lord Marlborough (age 41) having used words against the [her husband] King (age 41), and been discharged from all his great places, his wife (age 31) was forbidden the Court, and the [her sister] Princess of Denmark (age 27) was desired by the Queen (age 29) to dismiss her from her service; but she refusing to do so, goes away from Court to Sion house [Map]. Divers new Lords made: Sir Henry Capel (age 53), Sir William Fermor (age 43), etc. Change of Commissioners in the Treasury. The Parliament adjourned, not well satisfied with affairs. The business of the East India Company, which they would have reformed, let fall. The Duke of Norfolk (age 37) does not succeed in his endeavor to be divorced.

Evelyn's Diary. 06 Apr 1692. A fast. [her father] King James (age 58) sends a letter written and directed by his own hand to several of the Privy Council, and one to his daughter (age 29), the Queen Regent, informing them of the [her step-mother] Queen (age 33) being ready to be brought to bed, and summoning them to be at the birth by the middle of May, promising as from the French King (age 53), permission to come and return in safety.

Evelyn's Diary. 24 Apr 1692. Much apprehension of a French invasion, and of an universal rising. Our fleet begins to join with the Dutch. Unkindness between the Queen (age 29) and her [her sister] sister (age 27). Very cold and unseasonable weather, scarce a leaf on the trees.

Evelyn's Diary. 15 Sep 1692. There happened an earthquake, which, though not so great as to do any harm in England, was universal in all these parts of Europe. It shook the house at Wotton, but was not perceived by any save a servant or two, who were making my bed, and another in a garret. I and the rest being at dinner below in the parlor, were not sensible of it. The dreadful one in Jamaica this summer was profanely and ludicrously represented in a puppet play, or some such lewd pastime, in the fair of Southwark [Map], which caused the Queen (age 30) to put down that idle and vicious mock show.

Evelyn's Diary. 13 Jul 1693. I saw the Queen's (age 31) rare cabinets and collection of china; which was wonderfully rich and plentiful, but especially a large cabinet, looking-glass frame and stands, all of amber, much of it white, with historical bas-reliefs and statues, with medals carved in them, esteemed worth £4,000, sent by the Duke of Brandenburgh, whose country, Prussia, abounds with amber, cast up by the sea; divers other China and Indian cabinets, screens, and hangings. In her library were many books in English, French, and Dutch, of all sorts; a cupboard of gold plate; a cabinet of silver filagree, which I think was our Queen Mary's, and which, in my opinion, should have been generously sent to her.

In 1694 Charles Talbot 1st Duke Shrewsbury (age 33) was appointed 503rd Knight of the Garter by [her husband] King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 43) and Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland (age 31).

Evelyn's Diary. 10 Mar 1694. Mr. Stringfellow preached at Trinity parish, being restored to that place, after the contest between the Queen (age 31) and the Bishop of London (age 62) who had displaced him.

Evelyn's Diary. 25 Mar 1694. Mr. Goode, minister of St. Martin's [Map], preached; he was likewise put in by the Queen (age 31), on the issue of her process with the Bishop of London (age 62).

Death and Funeral of Queen Mary II

On 28 Dec 1694 Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland (age 32) died of smallpox shortly after midnight at Kensington Palace. Her body lay in state at the Banqueting House, Whitehall Palace [Map].

On 05 Mar 1695 she was buried in Westminster Abbey [Map]. Archbishop Thomas Tenison (age 58) preached the sermon.

She had reigned for five years. Her husband [her husband] King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 44) continued to reign for a further eight years.

Evelyn's Diary. 29 Dec 1694. The smallpox increased exceedingly, and was very mortal. The Queen (deceased) died of it on the 28th.

Evelyn's Diary. 08 Mar 1695. I supped at the Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry's (age 67), who related to me the pious behavior of the Queen in all her sickness, which was admirable. She never inquired of what opinion persons were, who were objects of charity; that, on opening a cabinet, a paper was found wherein she had desired that her body might not be opened, or any extraordinary expense at her funeral, whenever she should die. This paper was not found in time to be observed. There were other excellent things under her own hand, to the very least of her debts, which were very small, and everything in that exact method, as seldom is found in any private person. In sum, she was such an admirable woman, abating for taking the Crown without a more due apology, as does, if possible, outdo the renowned Queen Elizabeth.

Evelyn's Diary. 13 Jan 1695. The Thames was frozen over. The deaths by smallpox increased to five hundred more than in the preceding week. The [her former husband] King (age 44) and [her sister] Princess Anne (age 29) reconciled, and she was invited to keep her Court at Whitehall, having hitherto lived privately at Berkeley House [Map]; she was desired to take into her family divers servants of the late Queen; to maintain them the King (age 44) has assigned her £5,000 a quarter.

Evelyn's Diary. 24 Feb 1695. I saw the Queen lie in state.

Evelyn's Diary. 10 Mar 1695. I dined at the Earl of Sunderland's (age 53) with Lord Spencer (age 19). My Lord showed me his library, now again improved by many books bought at the sale of Sir Charles Scarborough, an eminent physician, which was the very best collection, especially of mathematical books, that was I believe in Europe, once designed for the King's Library at St. James's; but the Queen dying, who was the great patroness of that design, it was let fall, and the books were miserably dissipated.

1696 Plot to Assassinate King William III

Evelyn's Diary. 28 Apr 1696. The Venetian Ambassador made a stately entry with fifty footmen, many on horseback, four rich coaches, and a numerous train of gallants. More executions this week of the assassins. Oates (age 46) dedicated a most villainous, reviling book against [her father] King James (age 62), which he presumed to present to [her former husband] King William (age 45), who could not but abhor it, speaking so infamously and untruly of his late beloved Queen's own father.

1702 Death of King William III

On 08 Mar 1702 [her former husband] King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland (age 51) died. His first cousin [her sister] Queen Anne of England Scotland and Ireland (age 37) succeeded I Queen England Scotland and Ireland. She, Anne, being the sister of his wife Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland.

Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland 1662-1694 appears on the following Descendants Family Trees:

King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland 1566-1625

Royal Ancestors of Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland 1662-1694

Kings Wessex: Great x 18 Grand Daughter of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 15 Grand Daughter of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 21 Grand Daughter of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 16 Grand Daughter of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings England: Daughter of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland

Kings Scotland: Great x 11 Grand Daughter of Robert "The Bruce" I King Scotland

Kings Franks: Great x 14 Grand Daughter of Louis VII King Franks

Kings France: Great Grand Daughter of Henry IV King France

Ancestors of Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland 1662-1694

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Stewart 3rd Earl Lennox 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Matthew Stewart 4th Earl Lennox 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabel or Elizabeth Stewart Countess Lennox 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry "Lord Darnley" Stewart Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Archibald Douglas 6th Earl Angus 10 x Great Grand Son of King John "Lackland" of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Douglas Countess Lennox Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Tudor Queen Scotland Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 1 Grandfather: King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: King James IV of Scotland 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: King James V of Scotland Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Tudor Queen Scotland Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 2 Grandmother: Mary Queen of Scots Great Grand Daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Claude Lorraine 1st Duke Guise 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Mary of Guise Queen Consort Scotland 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Antoinette Bourbon Duchess of Guise 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

GrandFather: King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland Son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandfather: King Frederick I of Denmark

Great x 3 Grandfather: Christian III King Denmark 10 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Anna of Brandenburg 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Frederick II King Denmark 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Dorothea of Saxe Lauenburg Queen Consort Denmark and Norway

Great x 1 Grandmother: Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Albrecht VII Duke Mecklenburg

Great x 3 Grandfather: Ulrich Mecklenburg-Schwerin 11 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Anna Hohenzollern Duchess Mecklenburg 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Sophie Mecklenburg-Schwerin Queen Consort Denmark 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Father: King James II of England Scotland and Ireland Son of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Francis Bourbon Count Vendôme and Soissons 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Charles Bourbon Duke Vendôme 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Marie Luxemburg Countess Vendôme and Soissons 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Antoine King Navarre 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Rene Valois Duke Alençon 5 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Françoise Valois Countess Vendôme 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Lorraine Duchess Alençon 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Henry IV King France 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Jean III King Navarre 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: King Henry II of Navarre 7 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Catherine Grailly I Queen Navarre 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Jeanne Albret III Queen Navarre 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Charles Valois Orléans Count Angoulême 6 x Great Grand Son of King Henry III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Marguerite Valois Orléans Queen Consort Navarre 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Louise of Savoy Countess Angoulême 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England

GrandMother: Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Marie de Medici Queen Consort France 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Philip "Handsome Fair" King Castile 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Joanna "The Mad" Trastámara Queen Castile 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Joanna of Austria Grand Duchess Tuscany 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Vladislaus II King Hungary 8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Jagiellon Holy Roman Empress 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Anna Foix Queen Consort of Hungary and Bohemia 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England

Mary Stewart II Queen England Scotland and Ireland Daughter of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland

Great x 2 Grandfather: Lawrence Hyde

Great x 1 Grandfather: Henry Hyde

Great x 3 Grandfather: Nicholas Sibell

Great x 2 Grandmother: Anne Sibell

GrandFather: Edward Hyde 1st Earl Clarendon

Great x 2 Grandfather: Edward Langford

Great x 1 Grandmother: Mary Langford

Mother: Anne Hyde Queen Consort England

Great x 2 Grandfather: William Aylesbury

Great x 1 Grandfather: Thomas Aylesbury 1st Baronet

GrandMother: Frances Aylesbury Countess Clarendon

Great x 1 Grandmother: Anne Denman