Biography of Archibald Douglas 1st Duke Touraine 1372-1424

Paternal Family Tree: Douglas

Archibald Douglas 1st Duke Touraine was created 1st Earl Wigtown, 1st Lord Annandale, 1st Lord Galloway, 1st Lord Bothwell. Margaret Stewart Duchess Touraine by marriage Countess Wigtown.

In 1362 [his father] Archibald "Grim" Douglas 3rd Earl Douglas (age 32) and [his mother] Joanna Strathearn Countess Douglas were married. She the daughter of Maurice de Moravia Strathearn 1st Earl Strathearn.

In 1372 Archibald Douglas 1st Duke Touraine was born to Archibald "Grim" Douglas 3rd Earl Douglas (age 42) and Joanna Strathearn Countess Douglas.

In 1384 [his father] Archibald "Grim" Douglas 3rd Earl Douglas (age 54) succeeded 3rd Earl Douglas. [his mother] Joanna Strathearn Countess Douglas by marriage Countess Douglas.

Before 1390 Archibald Douglas 1st Duke Touraine (age 18) and Margaret Stewart Duchess Touraine were married. She the daughter of King Robert III of Scotland (age 52) and Anabella Drummond Queen Consort Scotland (age 39). He the son of Archibald "Grim" Douglas 3rd Earl Douglas (age 60) and Joanna Strathearn Countess Douglas. They were half third cousin once removed. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King John "Lackland" of England.

In 1390 [his son] Archibald Douglas 2nd Duke Touraine was born to Archibald Douglas 1st Duke Touraine (age 18) and [his wife] Margaret Stewart Duchess Touraine.

In 1390 [his son-in-law] John Stewart 2nd Earl Buchan (age 9) and [his daughter] Elizabeth Douglas Countess Buchan and Orkney and Caithness were married. She the daughter of Archibald Douglas 1st Duke Touraine (age 18) and Margaret Stewart Duchess Touraine. He the son of Robert Stewart 1st Duke Albany (age 50) and Muriella Keith Duchess Albany (age 32). They were first cousin once removed. He a great x 5 grandson of King John "Lackland" of England.

Around Dec 1400 [his father] Archibald "Grim" Douglas 3rd Earl Douglas (age 70) died at Threave Castle. His son Archibald Douglas 1st Duke Touraine (age 28) succeeded 4th Earl Douglas. [his wife] Margaret Stewart Duchess Touraine by marriage Countess Douglas.

Before 1401 [his son] William Douglas was born to Archibald Douglas 1st Duke Touraine (age 28) and [his wife] Margaret Stewart Duchess Touraine.

Before 1401 [his son] William Douglas died.

Battle of Homildon Hill

                    On 14 Sep 1402 Henry Percy 1st Earl of Northumberland (age 60) and his son Henry "Hotspur" Percy (age 38) lay in wait at Homildon Hill [Map] for the Scots to return from their laying waste to Northumberland. The Battle of Homildon Hill was a victory for the English forces whose longbowmen decimated the Scottish schiltrons. Henry Fitzhugh 3rd Baron Fitzhugh (age 44) fought for the English.                

                    John Swinton was killed.
                
                    Thomas Dunbar 2nd Earl Moray (age 31) and Henry Sinclair 2nd Earl Orkney (age 27) were captured.                

                    Archibald Douglas 1st Duke Touraine (age 30) was wounded. Henry IV King England (age 35) forbade the ransoming of Scottish prisoners so that he could concentrate on the Welsh. By doing so he created a rift with the Percy family who subsequently defected to Owain ap Gruffudd Glyndŵr (age 43).                

                    William Stewart of Jedworth and Teviotdale (age 46) was executed by Henry "Hotspur" Percy (age 38) having been captured.                

                    John Stewart 1st of Dalswinton and Garlies (age 32) fought at the Battle of Homildon Hill.

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Battle of Shrewsbury

                    On 21 Jul 1403 Henry IV King England (age 36), with his son the future King Henry V of England (age 16), defeated the rebel army of Henry "Hotspur" Percy (age 39) at the Battle of Shrewsbury at the site now known as Battlefield, Shrewsbury [Map]. King Henry V of England (age 16) took an arrow to the side of his face leaving him severely scarred. John Stanley (age 53) was wounded in the throat. Thomas Strickland (age 36) fought and was awarded £38 and two of the rebel Henry's horses. Richard Beauchamp 13th Earl Warwick (age 21) fought for the King. Walter Blount (age 55), the King's Standard Bearer, was killed by Archibald Douglas 1st Duke Touraine (age 31).                

                    Thomas Wendesley (age 59) and Edmund Cockayne (age 47) were killed.                

                    Edmund Stafford 5th Earl Stafford (age 25) was killed. His son Humphrey Stafford  succeeded 6th Earl Stafford, 7th Baron Stafford.                

                    Hugh Shirley (age 52) was killed; he was one of four knights dressed as Henry IV King England (age 36).                

                    Of the rebels, Henry "Hotspur" Percy (age 39), Madog Kynaston (age 43) and John Clifton were killed.                

                    Thomas Percy 1st Earl of Worcester (age 60) was beheaded after the battle. Earl Worcester extinct.
                
                    Richard Vernon 11th Baron Shipbrook (age 48) was hanged. Baron Shipbrook forfeit.                

                    John Rossall was killed. His sister Eleanor Rossall (age 26) inherited a half-share in the Rossall Shrewsbury [Map] estates.
                
                    John Massey (age 65) was killed.

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Around 1424 [his son] Archibald Douglas 2nd Duke Touraine (age 34) and [his daughter-in-law] Euphemia Graham Lady Hamilton (age 16) were married. She by marriage Duchess Touraine, Countess Wigtown. She the daughter of Patrick Graham and Eupheme Stewart 2nd Countess of Strathearn and Caithness. He the son of Archibald Douglas 1st Duke Touraine (age 52) and Margaret Stewart Duchess Touraine. They were half second cousins.

On 14 Mar 1424 Archibald Douglas 1st Duke Touraine (age 52) arrived at La Rochelle with an army following a request from Charles "Victorious" VII King France (age 21) for aid.

On 29 Apr 1424 Archibald Douglas 1st Duke Touraine (age 52) was created 1st Duke Touraine by Charles "Victorious" VII King France (age 21); he was the first non-Frenchman to be appiinted Duke in France. Charles had also appointed him Lieutenant General in the waging of war in the Kingdom of France. [his wife] Margaret Stewart Duchess Touraine by marriage Duchess Touraine.

Battle of Verneuil

                    On 17 Aug 1424 the English forces inflicted a significant defeat on the French and Scottish army at the Battle of Verneuil; a second Agincourt. For the English Edmund Hungerford (age 15), Ralph Longford (age 23), John "Old Talbot" Talbot 1st Earl of Shrewsbury (age 41) and Richard Waller (age 29) fought.                

                    On the French and Scottish side Pierre Valois, Archibald Douglas 1st Duke Touraine (age 52), William Seton Master of Seton (age 34), Alexander Home of Home and Dunglas (age 56) were killed                

                    [his son-in-law] John Stewart 2nd Earl Buchan (age 43) was killed. His brother Robert Stewart Earl Ross (age 39) de jure Earl Ross and Earl Buchan although he didn't claim the title since both titles had reverted to the Crown.                

                    Jean Poton Xaintrailles (age 34) fought.