On this Day in History ... 20th January

20 Jan is in January.

1356 Edward Balliol surrenders his claim to be King Scotland

1382 Marriage of Richard II and Anne of Bohemia and her Coronation

1555 Protestant Executions

See Births, Marriages and Deaths.

Events on the 20th January

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 640. This year died Eadbald, King of Kent, after a reign of twenty-five winters. He had two sons, Ermenred and Erkenbert; and Erkenbert reigned there after his father. He overturned all the idols in the kingdom, and first of English kings appointed a fast before Easter. His daughter was called Ercongota - holy damsel of an illustrious sire! whose mother was Sexburga, the daughter of Anna, king of the East-Angles. Ermenred also begat two sons [Note. Æthelberht Oiscingas and Æthelred Oiscingas], who were afterwards martyred by Thunnor.

On 20 Jan 1356 Edward Balliol I King Scotland (age 73) surrendered his claim to the Scottish throne to King Edward III of England (age 43) in the presence of William Latimer 4th Baron Latimer of Corby (age 25) in exchange for an English pension.

On 20 Jan 1382 King Richard II of England (age 15) and Anne of Bohemia Queen Consort England (age 15) were married at Westminster Abbey [Map] by Bishop Robert Braybrooke. She by marriage Queen Consort England. She the daughter of Charles IV King Bohemia Holy Roman Emperor Luxemburg and Elizabeth Pomerania Holy Roman Empress Luxemburg (age 35). He the son of Edward "Black Prince" and Joan "Fair Maid of Kent" Princess Wales (age 53). They were fourth cousins. He a grandson of King Edward III of England.

It was the first royal wedding that including a Royal Procession from the Tower of London [Map] to Westminster Abbey [Map].

Arranged by Michael de la Pole 1st Earl Suffolk (age 52) the marriage not popular since it brought no dowry and little prospect of increased trade since Bohemia not a primary English trade partner.

On 20 Jan 1479 John II King Aragon (age 80) died. His son Ferdinand II King Aragon (age 26) succeeded II King Aragon.

On 20 Jan 1554 Sebastian King Portugal was born to John Manuel Aviz Prince Portugal (deceased) and Joanna of Austria Princess Portugal (age 18). He was named after Saint Sebastian on whose Feast Day he was born. At birth he was heir apparent to the throne of Portugal since his father had died two weeks before his birth. Soon after his birth his mother Joanna of Austria Princess Portugal (age 18) left Portugal to become Regent of Spain for her father serving in the same capacity for her brother after her father's abdication. She never saw him. Coefficient of inbreeding 20.02%.

On 20 Jan 1555 the statutes for burning heretics, originally enacted in 1401 to repress Lollardism, De heretico comburendo, and repealed in 1547, was re-enacted by Queen Mary I of England and Ireland (age 38) to provide for the burning of Protestants.

The burning of Protestants wasn't new. During the reign of King Henry VIII sixty-three Protestants had been burned over a period of sixteen years. During the reign of Queen Mary, however, two-hundred and eighty four were burned in three and a half years.

Two days later Henry Machyn describes in his diary: "whent in-to Smythfeld to berne betwyn vij and viij in the mornyng v men and ij women

In a number of cases burnings were posthumous ie bodies were exhumed and burned.

Thereafter burning take place on a regular basis, weekly, at various places around the country, and continued for the whole of Queen Mary's reign, with the last being two days before Mary's death. Executions continued in Queen Elizabeth's reign albeit at a much reduced rate.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 20 Jan 1557. The xx day of January at Grenwyche parke the quen (age 40) grace('s) pensyonars dyd mustur in bryth [bright] [harness] and mony barbe horsses; and evere pensyonar had iij men in grene cottes gardyd with whytt; so thay rod a-bowt [the park,] iij in ranke apone grett horssys with spers in ther handes pentyd whyt and grene, and a-for rod trumpeters blohyng; and next a man of armes bayryng a standard of red and yelowe, in the standard a whytt hart, and on the thodur syd a blake eygyll with goldyd leges; and be-twyn ij and iij of the cloke thay cam downe and mustered a-for the Quen('s) (age 40) grace a-for the parke gatt, for ther stod the Quen('s) grace on he, and my lord cardenall (age 56), and my lord admerall (age 47), and my lord Montyguw (age 28), and dyvers odur lordes and lades; and so a-for the pensyoners rod many gentyll-men on genetes and lyght horsses, butt spesyalle ther rod on gentyll-man, ys nam ys master (blank), apon the lest mulle thatt evere I say; and so thay rod to and fro a-for the Quyne; and ther cam a tumbeler, and playd mony prate fettes a-for the Quen and my lord cardenalle, that her grace dyd layke hartely; and so her grace dyd thanke them alle for ther peyne; and so after they partyd, for ther wher of the pensyonars 1. and mo, besyd ther men of armes; and ther wher of pepulle of men and vomen a-boyff x m. pepulle and mo.

On 20 Jan 1612 Rudolf II Holy Roman Emperor (age 59) died. His brother Matthias I Holy Roman Emperor (age 54) succeeded I Holy Roman Emperor. Anna of Austria Holy Roman Empress (age 26) by marriage Holy Roman Empress.

Pepy's Diary. 20 Jan 1664. Home to dinner, and after dinner my wife and I by water, which we have not done together many a day, that is not since last summer, but the weather is now very warm, and left her at Axe Yard [Map], and I to White Hall, and meeting Mr. Pierce walked with him an hour in the Matted Gallery; among other things he tells me that my Baroness Castlemaine (age 23) is not at all set by by the King (age 33), but that he do doat upon Mrs. Stewart (age 16) only; and that to the leaving of all business in the world, and to the open slighting of the Queene (age 54); that he values not who sees him or stands by him while he dallies with her openly; and then privately in her chamber below, where the very sentrys observe his going in and out; and that so commonly, that the Duke (age 30) or any of the nobles, when they would ask where the King (age 33) is, they will ordinarily say, "Is the King (age 33) above, or below?" meaning with Mrs. Stewart (age 16): that the King (age 33) do not openly disown my Baroness Castlemaine (age 23), but that she comes to Court; but that my Lord FitzHarding (age 34) and the Hambletons1, and sometimes my Lord Sandwich (age 38), they say, have their snaps at her. But he says my Lord Sandwich (age 38) will lead her from her lodgings in the darkest and obscurest manner, and leave her at the entrance into the Queene's (age 54) lodgings, that he might be the least observed; that the Duke of Monmouth (age 14) the King (age 33) do still doat on beyond measure, insomuch that the King (age 33) only, the Duke of York (age 30), and Prince Rupert (age 44), and the Duke of Monmouth (age 14), do now wear deep mourning, that is, long cloaks, for the Duchesse of Savoy; so that he mourns as a Prince of the Blood, while the Duke of York (age 30) do no more, and all the nobles of the land not so much; which gives great offence, and he says the Duke of York (age 30) do consider. But that the Duke of York (age 30) do give himself up to business, and is like to prove a noble Prince; and so indeed I do from my heart think he will. He says that it is believed, as well as hoped, that care is taken to lay up a hidden treasure of money by the King (age 33) against a bad day, pray God it be so! but I should be more glad that the King (age 33) himself would look after business, which it seems he do not in the least.

Note 1. The three brothers, George Hamilton, James Hamilton (age 34), and the Count Antoine Hamilton (age 18), author of the "Memoires de Grammont"..

On 20 Jan 1666 Anne of Austria Spain Queen Consort France (age 64) died.

Pepy's Diary. 20 Jan 1668. So to my Lord Crew's (age 70) to dinner, where we hear all the good news of our making a league now with Holland against the French power coming over them, or us which is the first good act that hath been done a great while, and done secretly, and with great seeming wisdom; and is certainly good for us at this time, while we are in no condition to resist the French, if they should come over hither; and then a little time of peace will give us time to lay up something, which these Commissioners of the Treasury are doing; and the world do begin to see that they will do the King's work for him, if he will let them. Here dined Mr. Case, the minister, who, Lord! do talk just as I remember he used to preach, and did tell a pretty story of a religious lady, Queen of Navarre1 and my Lord also told a good story of Mr. Newman, the Minister in New England, who wrote the Concordance, of his foretelling his death and preaching a funeral sermon, and did at last bid the angels do their office, and died. It seems there is great presumption that there will be a Toleration granted: so that the Presbyterians do hold up their heads; but they will hardly trust the King (age 37) or the Parliament what to yield them, though most of the sober party be for some kind of allowance to be given them.

Note 1. Marguerite de Valois, Queen of Navarre, sister of Francis I of France. The "pretty story" was doubtless from her "Heptameron", a work imitating in title and matter the "Decameron" of Boccaccio. She is said to be the heroine of some of the adventures. It is fair to add that she wrote also the "Miroir dune Ame Pecheresse", translated into English by Queen Elizabeth, the title of whose book was "A Godly Medytacyon of the Christian Soules", published by John Bale in 1548. B.

Pepy's Diary. 20 Jan 1669. Thence to my wife at Unthanke's, and with her and W. Hewer (age 27) to Hercules Pillars, calling to do two or three things by the way, end there dined, and thence to the Duke of York's (age 35) house, and saw "Twelfth Night", as it is now revived; but, I think, one of the weakest plays that ever I saw on the stage. This afternoon, before the play, I called with my wife at Dancre's (age 44), the great landscape-painter, by Mr. Povy's (age 55) advice; and have bespoke him to come to take measure of my dining-room panels, and there I met with the pretty daughter of the coalseller's, that lived in Cheapside, and now in Covent Garden [Map], who hath her picture drawn here, but very poorly; but she is a pretty woman, and now, I perceive, married, a very pretty black woman. So, the play done, we home, my wife letting fall some words of her observing my eyes to be mightily employed in the playhouse, meaning upon women, which did vex me; but, however, when we come home, we were good friends; and so to read, and to supper, and so to bed.

On 20 Jan 1681 Rachael Fane Countess Bath and Middlesex was buried at St Peter's Church, Tawstock [Map]. Inscription Rachel Comitissa Henrico digna, vix altera e sexu vel animo, vel virtute aequipollens Rebus demisticis civilibus sacris, ingenio pluaquam virili, at materno (quo suo tempore vix maius dabatur in terris) Ecclesiae Anglicanae Filia humilis, et devota, et iniquis temporibus eiectorum Patrum mater et hie pene unica fautrix Unicum Lugendum quod in se perjisset nobile Bourchieri nomen, ni sat illa habuit virtutum vel illu immortale reddere Er liset improlis plus mille liberorum Parens, quos liberalissime educavit, doravit, sacravit, et nobilitavir Adhuc vivit et nunquam moritura dum his Regionibus supersunt grata pectora.

On 20 Jan 1699 Thomas Hervey was born to John Hervey 1st Earl Bristol (age 33) and Elizabeth Felton Countess Bristol (age 22).

On 20 Jan 1716 Charles III King Spain was born to Philippe V King Spain (age 32) and Elisabeth Farnese Queen Consort Spain (age 23).

On 20 Jan 1722 Louis I King Spain (age 14) and Louise Élisabeth Bourbon Queen Consort Spain (age 12) were married. She the daughter of Philippe Bourbon II Duke Orléans (age 47) and Françoise Marie Bourbon Duchess Orléans (age 44). He the son of Philippe V King Spain (age 38) and Maria Luisa Savoy. They were half first cousin once removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.

On 20 Jan 1760 Caroline Cavendish Countess Bessborough (age 40) died. Monument in Derby Cathedral [Map] sculpted by John Michael Rysbrack (age 65).

Caroline Cavendish Countess Bessborough: In May 1719 she was born to William Cavendish 3rd Duke Devonshire and Catherine Hoskyns Duchess Devonshire. On 05 Jul 1739 William Ponsonby 2nd Earl Bessborough and she were married. His younger brother John Ponsonby would marry her younger sister Elizabeth Cavendish four years later. She the daughter of William Cavendish 3rd Duke Devonshire and Catherine Hoskyns Duchess Devonshire. He the son of Brabazon Ponsonby 1st Earl Bessborough and Sarah Margetson. In 1743 John Ponsonby and Elizabeth Cavendish were married. His elder brother William Ponsonby 2nd Earl Bessborough had married her elder sister Caroline Cavendish Countess Bessborough four years before. She the daughter of William Cavendish 3rd Duke Devonshire and Catherine Hoskyns Duchess Devonshire. He the son of Brabazon Ponsonby 1st Earl Bessborough and Sarah Margetson. On 04 Jul 1758 Brabazon Ponsonby 1st Earl Bessborough died. His son William Ponsonby 2nd Earl Bessborough succeeded 2nd Earl Bessborough. She by marriage Countess Bessborough.

On 20 Jan 1770 Charles Yorke (age 47) died. He was buried at St Andrew's Church, Wimpole [Map]. Grey marble obelisk on break-front pedestal of white marble with inscription tablet flanked by festoons and frieze carved with emblems of the Chancellor's office; at the base of the obelisk two putti unveil a portrait medallion and at the apex is an achievement of arms; signed 'P. SCHEEMAKER (age 79) FaT'.

On 20 Jan 1819 Charles IV King Spain (age 70) died. He had abdicated eleven years before in favour of his son Ferdinand VII King Spain (age 34).

On 20 Jan 1829 John Roddam Spencer Stanhope was born to John Spencer Stanhope (age 41) and Elizabeth Wilhelmina Coke (age 34).

On 20 Jan 1848 King Christian I of Norway and VIII of Denmark (age 61) died. His son Frederick VII King Denmark (age 39) succeeded VII King Denmark.

After 20 Jan 1857. Monument at St Mary the Virgin Church, Overton to Lieutenant-Colonel Ebenezer Jones and his wife Caroline Rainier.

After 20 Jan 1857. Monument at St Mary the Virgin Church, Overton to Hugh William Jardine Ethelston Peel killed in action 1945.

After 20 Jan 1870. Church of the Holy Trinity Arrow [Map]. Monument to Admiral George Francis Seymour-Conway (deceased) sculpted by Prince Victor of Hohenlohe Langenburg Count Gleichen (age 36).

Prince Victor of Hohenlohe Langenburg Count Gleichen: On 11 Dec 1833 he was born to Ernst Christian Carl Hohenlohe Langenburg I Prince and Anna Feodora Auguste Charlotte Wilhelmine Leiningen Princess. On 24 Jan 1861 he and Princess Laura Williamina Seymour were married. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland. On 31 Dec 1891 he died.

On 20 Jan 1936 George V King United Kingdom (age 70) died. His son King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom (age 41) succeeded VIII King of the United Kingdom. Duke York extinct.

Births on the 20th January

On 20 Jan 1330 John Beauchamp was born to Giles Beauchamp (age 47) and Catherine Bures.

On 20 Jan 1475 John Bigod was born to Ralph Bigod (age 18) and Margery Constable (age 14).

On 20 Jan 1550 Ferdinand Wittelsbach was born to Albert V Wittelsbach V Duke Bavaria (age 21) and Anna Habsburg Spain Duchess Bavaria (age 21). Coefficient of inbreeding 1.58%.

On 20 Jan 1554 Sebastian King Portugal was born to John Manuel Aviz Prince Portugal (deceased) and Joanna of Austria Princess Portugal (age 18). He was named after Saint Sebastian on whose Feast Day he was born. At birth he was heir apparent to the throne of Portugal since his father had died two weeks before his birth. Soon after his birth his mother Joanna of Austria Princess Portugal (age 18) left Portugal to become Regent of Spain for her father serving in the same capacity for her brother after her father's abdication. She never saw him. Coefficient of inbreeding 20.02%.

On 20 Jan 1562 Mary Holford was born.

On 20 Jan 1573 Alexander Oldenburg I Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg was born to John "Younger" Oldenburg Duke Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg (age 27) and Elisabeth of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (age 22) at Sønderborg.

On 20 Jan 1574 Robert Basset was born to Arthur Bassett (age 33) and Eleanor Chichester. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward IV of England.

On 20 Jan 1628 Henry Cromwell was born to Oliver Cromwell (age 28) and Elizabeth Bourchier (age 30) at Huntingdon [Map].

On 20 Jan 1638 William Glynne 1st Baronet was born to John Glynne (age 36) and Frances Squib.

On 20 Jan 1639 Hungerford Dunch was born.

On 20 Jan 1651 Dr Edward Tyson was born.

On 20 Jan 1651 George Wheler was born to Charles Wheeler of Charing.

Around 20 Jan 1661 William Digby 5th Baron Digby was born to Kildare Digby 2nd Baron Digby (age 30).

On or before 20 Jan 1668 Isabella van Nassau was born to Henry de Nassau Lord Overkirk (age 28).

Around 20 Jan 1674 Reverend Henry Brydges was born to James Brydges 8th Baron Chandos (age 31) and Elizabeth Barnard Baroness Chandos (age 31)

On 11 Jan 1695 Francis Scott 2nd Duke Buccleuch was born to James Scott (age 20) and Henrietta Hyde Countess Dalkeith (age 18). On 20 Jan 1695 Francis Scott 2nd Duke Buccleuch was baptised at St Margaret's Church, Westminster [Map]. He a great grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 20 Jan 1699 Thomas Hervey was born to John Hervey 1st Earl Bristol (age 33) and Elizabeth Felton Countess Bristol (age 22).

On 20 Jan 1707 Lionel Pilkington 5th Baronet was born to Lyon Pilkington 4th Baronet (age 23).

On 20 Jan 1710 Frances Feilding Countess Winchelsea and Nottingham was born to Basil Feilding 3rd Earl Desmond 4th Earl Denbigh (age 42) and Hester Firebrace Countess Desmond and Denbigh (age 34).

On 20 Jan 1716 Charles III King Spain was born to Philippe V King Spain (age 32) and Elisabeth Farnese Queen Consort Spain (age 23).

On 20 Jan 1725 John Every was born to Henry Every (age 23).

On 20 Jan 1735 Frederick Louis Saxe Coburg Altenburg was born to Duke Frederick III of Saxe Coburg Altenburg III (age 35) and Luise Dorothea Saxe Meiningen Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg (age 24) at Gotha.

On 20 Jan 1743 John Papillion Twisden 7th Baronet was born to Roger Twisden 5th Baronet (age 37).

On 20 Jan 1748 Robert Seymour was born to Francis Seymour-Conway 1st Marquess Hertford (age 29) and Isabella Fitzroy Countess Hertford (age 21). He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 20 Jan 1750 Louise Oldenburg was born to Frederick V King Denmark and Norway (age 26) and Louise Hanover Queen Consort Denmark and Norway (age 25) at Christiansborg Castle. She a granddaughter of King George II of Great Britain and Ireland.

On 20 Jan 1751 Ferdinand Duke of Parma was born to Infante Philip of Spain (age 30) and Louise Elisabeth of France (age 23). Coefficient of inbreeding 4.46%.

On or before 20 Jan 1761 Anne Windsor Lady Broughton was born to Other Lewis Windsor 4th Earl Plymouth (age 29) and Catherine Archer Countess Plymouth (age 24). She was baptised on 20 Jan 1761.

On 20 Jan 1763 George Hilaro Barlow 1st Baronet was born.

On 20 Jan 1768 Francis Mathew 2nd Earl Landaff was born to Francis Mathew 1st Earl Llandaff (age 29).

On 20 Jan 1770 Admiral Henry Digby was born to William Digby (age 36) and Charlotte Cox (age 27)..

On 20 Jan 1770 William Stephen Poyntz was born to William Poyntz (age 35).

On 20 Jan 1774 Charles George Beauclerk was born to Topham Beauclerk (age 34) and Diana Spencer Viscountess St John and Bolingbroke (age 39). He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 20 Jan 1774 John Horsley Beresford 2nd Baron Decies was born to Archbishop William Beresford 1st Baron Decies (age 30) and Elizabeth Fitzgibbon (age 38).

On 20 Jan 1782 Maria Shirreff was born.

On 20 Jan 1783 Colonel Charles Allix was born to Reverend Charles Wager Allix (age 35).

On 20 Jan 1828 Philip Sidney 2nd Baron De Lisle and Dudley was born to Philip Sidney 1st Baron De Lisle and Dudley (age 27) and Sophia Fitzclarence Baroness De Lisle and Dudley (age 31). He a grandson of King William IV of the United Kingdom.

On 20 Jan 1829 John Roddam Spencer Stanhope was born to John Spencer Stanhope (age 41) and Elizabeth Wilhelmina Coke (age 34).

On 20 Jan 1835 Selina Barbara Wilhelmina Ponsonby was born to Frederick Cavendish Ponsonby (age 51) and Emily Bathurst (age 37).

On 20 Jan 1836 Henry Reginald Courtenay was born.

On 20 Jan 1836 Henrietta Louisa Elizabeth Danneskiold Samsøe Countess Strafford was born to Christian Danneskiold Samsøe and Elizabeth Brudenell (age 29) in Great Bedwyn, Wiltshire [Map].

On 20 Jan 1844 Edith Georgiana Turnor Countess Cawdor was born to Christopher Turnor (age 34) and Caroline Finch-Hatton (age 27).

On 20 Jan 1851 William Lehman Ashmead-Bartlett Baron Burdett-Coutts was born to Ellis Bartlett of-Plymouth, Massachusetts and Sophia Ashmead.

On 20 Jan 1856 Ethel Louisa Beresford was born to General Marcus Beresford (age 55) and Caroline Beresford (age 37).

On 20 Jan 1856 David Ogilvy 11th Earl of Airlie was born to David Ogilvy 10th Earl of Airlie (age 29) and Henrietta Blanche Stanley (age 25).

On 20 Jan 1872 Kenelm William Digby was born to William FitzGerald Digby (age 27).

On 20 Jan 1876 Amelia Madeline Louisa Crichton was born to Charles Frederick Crichton of Mullaboden in Kildare (age 34) and Madeline Olivia Susan Taylour.

On 20 Jan 1876 Moyra De Vere Beauclerk was born to William Amelius Aubrey Beauclerk 10th Duke St Albans (age 35) and Grace Bernal Duchess St Albans (age 28).

On 20 Jan 1916 Katherine Dorothy Weld-Forester was born to Orlando St Maur Weld-Forester (age 38).

On 20 Jan 1936 Frances Ruth Roche Countess Spencer was born to Maurice Roche 4th Baron Fermoy (age 50) and Ruth Sylvia Gill Baroness Fermoy (age 27).

Marriages on the 20th January

On 20 Jan 1214 Geoffrey Mandeville 2nd Earl Essex (age 23) and Isabella Fitzrobert 3rd Countess Gloucester and Essex (age 41) were married. She by marriage Countess Essex, Countess Gloucester. She the daughter of William Fitzrobert 2nd Earl Gloucester and Hawise Beaumont Countess Gloucester. He the son of Geoffrey Fitzpeter 1st Earl Essex and Beatrice Saye. She a great granddaughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England.

Before 20 Jan 1288 Warin Lisle (age 25) and Alice Montfort Baroness Fitzwalter were married.

After 20 Jan 1325 Thomas Blount 1st Baron Blount (age 62) and Juliana Leybourne Countess Huntingdon (age 22) were married. The difference in their ages was 40 years.

After 20 Jan 1340 Robert Umfraville and Margaret Percy Baroness Ferrers Groby (age 10) were married. He the son of Gilbert Umfraville 9th Earl Angus (age 30) and Joan Willoughby Countess Angus. They were half fourth cousins. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.

Before 20 Jan 1352 Ralph Cromwell 1st Baron Cromwell (age 11) and Maud Bernake (age 14) were married. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King John "Lackland" of England.

On 20 Jan 1372 Ivo Fitzwarin (age 24) and Maud Argentine (age 19) were married.

On 20 Jan 1382 King Richard II of England (age 15) and Anne of Bohemia Queen Consort England (age 15) were married at Westminster Abbey [Map] by Bishop Robert Braybrooke. She by marriage Queen Consort England. She the daughter of Charles IV King Bohemia Holy Roman Emperor Luxemburg and Elizabeth Pomerania Holy Roman Empress Luxemburg (age 35). He the son of Edward "Black Prince" and Joan "Fair Maid of Kent" Princess Wales (age 53). They were fourth cousins. He a grandson of King Edward III of England.

It was the first royal wedding that including a Royal Procession from the Tower of London [Map] to Westminster Abbey [Map].

Arranged by Michael de la Pole 1st Earl Suffolk (age 52) the marriage not popular since it brought no dowry and little prospect of increased trade since Bohemia not a primary English trade partner.

On 20 Jan 1433 John Holland 2nd Duke Exeter (age 37) and Beatrice Aviz Duchess Exeter (age 51) were married. She by marriage Duchess Exeter. She the daughter of John "Good Great" I King Portugal (age 81) and Ines Peres. He the son of John Holland 1st Duke Exeter and Elizabeth Lancaster Duchess Exeter. He a great grandson of King Edward III of England.

After 20 Jan 1465 Thomas Boyd 1st Earl Arran and Elizabeth Montgomerie (age 26) were married. They were half first cousins.

Before 20 Jan 1539 William Brereton (age 19) and Jane Warburton (age 11) were married.

After 20 Jan 1546 Stephen Vaughan Merchant (age 44) and Margery Unknown were married at Calais [Map].

On 20 Jan 1561 Lawrence Smith (age 46) and Jane Warburton (age 33) were married at St Oswald's Church, Brereton [Map].

Before 20 Jan 1583 John Maxwell Lord of Terregles (age 71) and Agnes Herries 4th Lady of Terregles (age 49) were married. He by marriage Lord Herries of Terregles. The difference in their ages was 22 years.

Before 20 Jan 1626 Robert Rich 2nd Earl Warwick (age 38) and Susan Rowe Countess Warwick (age 44) were married. She by marriage Countess Warwick. He the son of Robert Rich 1st Earl Warwick and Penelope Devereux Countess Devonshire.

Before 20 Jan 1638 John Glynne (age 36) and Frances Squib were married.

On 20 Jan 1647 John Pelham 3rd Baronet (age 24) and Lucy Sidney Baroness Pelham Laughton (age 20) were married. She the daughter of Robert Sidney 2nd Earl of Leicester (age 51) and Dorothy Percy Countess Leicester (age 49).

On 20 Jan 1690 Samuel Pytts (age 16) and Frances Sandys were married.

On 20 Jan 1690 Francis Howard 5th Baron Howard (age 46) and Susan Felton Baroness Howard were married. She by marriage Baroness Howard of Effingham.

After 20 Jan 1690 Samuel Pytts (age 16) and Catherine Rushout were married.

On 20 Jan 1718 Henry Hare 3rd Baron Coleraine (age 24) and Anne Hanger were married. She brought a dowry of nearly £100,000.

On 20 Jan 1722 Louis I King Spain (age 14) and Louise Élisabeth Bourbon Queen Consort Spain (age 12) were married. She the daughter of Philippe Bourbon II Duke Orléans (age 47) and Françoise Marie Bourbon Duchess Orléans (age 44). He the son of Philippe V King Spain (age 38) and Maria Luisa Savoy. They were half first cousin once removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.

On 20 Jan 1762 Charles Wheler 7th Baronet (age 31) and Lucy Strange Lady Wheler were married.

On 20 Jan 1787 William Wrightson (age 34) and Henrietta Heber were married.

On 20 Jan 1798 John Baker Holroyd 1st Earl Sheffield (age 62) and Anne North Countess Sheffield (age 37) were married. She by marriage Countess Sheffield of Dunamore in Meath. The difference in their ages was 24 years. She the daughter of Frederick North 2nd Earl Guildford and Anne Speke Countess Guilford.

On 20 Jan 1845 Admiral George Grey (age 35) and Jane Frances Stuart (age 22) were married. He the son of Charles Grey 2nd Earl Grey (age 80) and Mary Elizabeth Ponsonby Countess Grey (age 68).

Before 20 Jan 1856 General Marcus Beresford (age 55) and Caroline Beresford (age 37) were married.

On 20 Jan 1870 Cecil Chaplin (age 25) and Emily Cecilia Boyle (age 22) were married.

On 20 Jan 1909 Charles Petty-Fitzmaurice (age 34) and Violet Mary Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound Baroness Astor (age 19) were married. She the daughter of Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound 4th Earl Minto (age 63) and Mary Caroline Grey Countess Minto (age 51). He the son of Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice 5th Marquess Lansdowne (age 64) and Maud Evelyn Hamilton Marchioness Lansdowne (age 59). He a great x 5 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 20 Jan 1928 Alfred William Sharpe Pocklington and Alexandra Louisa Godolphin Osborne (age 55) were married. She the daughter of George Godolphin Osborne 9th Duke Leeds and Fanny Georgiana Pitt-Rivers Duchess Leeds.

On 20 Jan 1931 Gustavus Lascelles Hamilton-Russell (age 23) and Joan Verena Lloyd-Verney (age 22) were married. They were fourth cousins.

On 20 Jan 1937 William Lever 2nd Viscount Leverhulme (age 48) and Winifred Agnes Lloyd Viscountess Leverhulme (age 37) were married. She by marriage Viscountess Leverhulme of the Western Isles.

Deaths on the 20th January

On 20 Jan 1095 Bishop Wulfstan (age 87) died.

On 20 Jan 1191 Conrad Hohenstaufen Count Palatine of the Rhine (age 23) died at Acre.

On 20 Jan 1191 Theobald "Good" Blois V Count Blois (age 61) died. His son Louis Blois I Count Blois (age 19) succeeded I Count Blois.

On 20 Jan 1258 Reginald Mohun (age 52) died at Dunster, Somerset. He was buried at Newenham Axminster, Devon.

Before 20 Jan 1303 Adam Newmarche died.

On 20 Jan 1368 Philip Savoy (age 28) died.

On 20 Jan 1419 Richard Champernoun (age 74) died.

On 20 Jan 1428 William Heron (age 30) was killed during a fight with John Manners (age 53) outside of Etal Castle [Map].

On 20 Jan 1465 John Wheathampstead Abbot St Albans (age 46) died.

On 20 Jan 1479 John II King Aragon (age 80) died. His son Ferdinand II King Aragon (age 26) succeeded II King Aragon.

On 20 Jan 1488 John Trafford (age 68) died.

On 20 Jan 1527 George Harbottle (age 23) died.

On 20 Jan 1540 Infante Anthony Aviz died.

On or before 20 Jan 1546 Henry Brinklow died.

On 20 Jan 1546 William Erneley (age 44) died.

On 20 Jan 1558 John Crofts (age 67) died.

Before 20 Jan 1564 Steven van der Meulen died. His will was proved 20 Jan 1564.

On 20 Jan 1569 Miles Coverdale (age 81) died.

On 20 Jan 1583 John Maxwell Lord of Terregles (age 71) died.

On 20 Jan 1588 Gervase "The Gentle" Clifton (age 71) died.

On 20 Jan 1609 Henry Boteler (age 71) died at Higham Gobion.

On 20 Jan 1610 George Blount (age 50) died.

On 20 Jan 1611 George Home 1st Earl Dunbar (age 55) died at Whitehall Palace [Map]. He was buried at Dunbar Church, Dunbar.

On 20 Jan 1612 Rudolf II Holy Roman Emperor (age 59) died. His brother Matthias I Holy Roman Emperor (age 54) succeeded I Holy Roman Emperor. Anna of Austria Holy Roman Empress (age 26) by marriage Holy Roman Empress.

On or before 20 Jan 1616 Lucy Noel died. She was buried 20 Jan 1616.

On 20 Jan 1620 Anne Devereux (age 50) died.

Around 20 Jan 1658 George Colt (age 43) died.

On 20 Jan 1666 Anne of Austria Spain Queen Consort France (age 64) died.

On 20 Jan 1680 Anne Harrison Lady Fanshawe (age 54) died.

On 20 Jan 1703 Dr Robert Angel died.

On 20 Jan 1722 Charles Cornwallis 4th Baron Cornwallis (age 47) died.

On 20 Jan 1741 Philip Parker 3rd Baronet (age 59) died. Baronet Parker of Arwarton in Suffolk extinct.

On 20 Jan 1751 John Hervey 1st Earl Bristol (age 85) died. His grandson George William Hervey 2nd Earl Bristol (age 30) succeeded 2nd Earl Bristol.

On 20 Jan 1752 Anne Boscawen Lady Evelyn (age 77) died. She was buried at St John's Church, Wotton on 24 Jan 1752.

On 20 Jan 1760 Caroline Cavendish Countess Bessborough (age 40) died. Monument in Derby Cathedral [Map] sculpted by John Michael Rysbrack (age 65).

Caroline Cavendish Countess Bessborough: In May 1719 she was born to William Cavendish 3rd Duke Devonshire and Catherine Hoskyns Duchess Devonshire. On 05 Jul 1739 William Ponsonby 2nd Earl Bessborough and she were married. His younger brother John Ponsonby would marry her younger sister Elizabeth Cavendish four years later. She the daughter of William Cavendish 3rd Duke Devonshire and Catherine Hoskyns Duchess Devonshire. He the son of Brabazon Ponsonby 1st Earl Bessborough and Sarah Margetson. In 1743 John Ponsonby and Elizabeth Cavendish were married. His elder brother William Ponsonby 2nd Earl Bessborough had married her elder sister Caroline Cavendish Countess Bessborough four years before. She the daughter of William Cavendish 3rd Duke Devonshire and Catherine Hoskyns Duchess Devonshire. He the son of Brabazon Ponsonby 1st Earl Bessborough and Sarah Margetson. On 04 Jul 1758 Brabazon Ponsonby 1st Earl Bessborough died. His son William Ponsonby 2nd Earl Bessborough succeeded 2nd Earl Bessborough. She by marriage Countess Bessborough.

On 20 Jan 1768 Walter Wagstaffe Bagot 5th Baronet (age 65) died. His son William Bagot 1st Baron Bagot (age 39) succeeded 6th Baronet Bagot of Blithfield Hall.

On 20 Jan 1770 Charles Yorke (age 47) died. He was buried at St Andrew's Church, Wimpole [Map]. Grey marble obelisk on break-front pedestal of white marble with inscription tablet flanked by festoons and frieze carved with emblems of the Chancellor's office; at the base of the obelisk two putti unveil a portrait medallion and at the apex is an achievement of arms; signed 'P. SCHEEMAKER (age 79) FaT'.

On 20 Jan 1775 George Oxenden 5th Baronet (age 80) died. His son Henry Oxenden 6th Baronet (age 53) succeeded 6th Baronet Oxenden of Dene in Kent. Margaret Chudleigh Lady Oxenden (age 51) by marriage Lady Oxenden of Dene in Kent.

On 20 Jan 1785 Catherine Chetwynd (age 62) died.

On 06 Jan 1789 Noel Hill 1st Baron Berwick (age 43) died at Portman Square Marylebone. On 20 Jan 1789 he was buried at St Eata's Church, Atcham. His son Thomas Noel-Hill 2nd Baron Berwick (age 18) succeeded 2nd Baron Berwick of Attingham in Shropshire.

On 20 Jan 1808 Francis Wemyss Douglas (age 58) died. The obituary of his son 8th Earl Wemyss states 20 Jun 1808.

On 20 Jan 1812 Elizabeth Weake Rattray died.

On 20 Jan 1813 Caroline Stuart Countess Portarlington (age 50) died.

On 20 Jan 1819 Charles IV King Spain (age 70) died. He had abdicated eleven years before in favour of his son Ferdinand VII King Spain (age 34).

On 20 Jan 1820 Landgrave Frederick V Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (age 71) died.

On 20 Jan 1824 James Cornwallis 4th Earl Cornwallis (age 80) died. His son James Mann 5th Earl Cornwallis (age 45) succeeded 5th Earl Cornwallis, and inherited his estates of Boughton aka Bocton Place, Kent [Map] and Linton.

On 20 Jan 1824 Margaretta Burgh 1st Viscountess Ferrard (age 87) died. Her son Thomas Henry Foster aka Skeffington 2nd Viscount Ferrard (age 52) succeeded 2nd Viscount Ferrard, 2nd Baron Oriel.

On 20 Jan 1825 George Vansittart (age 79) died.

On 20 Jan 1826 Thomas Vavasour 7th Baronet (age 81) died unmarried. Baron Vavasour and Baronet Vavasour of Hazlewood in Yorkshire extinct.

On 20 Jan 1826 Henry Hawley 1st Baronet (age 80) died.

On 20 Jan 1831 John Townshend 2nd Viscount Sydney (age 66) died. His son John Robert Townshend 1st Earl Sydney (age 25) succeeded 3rd Viscount Sydney.

On 20 Jan 1837 Arthur Saunders Gore 3rd Earl Arran (age 75) died without issue. His nephew Philip Gore 4th Earl Arran (age 35) succeeded 4th Earl Arran. Elizabeth Marianne Napier Countess Arran (age 17) by marriage Countess Arran.

On 20 Jan 1841 Georgiana Lennox Countess Bathurst (age 75) died.

On 20 Jan 1848 King Christian I of Norway and VIII of Denmark (age 61) died. His son Frederick VII King Denmark (age 39) succeeded VII King Denmark.

On 20 Jan 1851 Field Marshall Thomas Erle Drax Grosvenor (age 86) died.

On 20 Jan 1854 Robert Henry Herbert (age 65) died at Shrewsbury, Shropshire [Map]. He was buried at St Mary the Virgin Church, Bromfield.

On 20 Jan 1855 Horatio Andrew Walpole (age 25) died.

On 20 Jan 1857 John Henry Manners 5th Duke Rutland (age 79) died. His son Charles Manners 6th Duke Rutland (age 41) succeeded 6th Duke Rutland, 6th Marquess Grandby, 14th Earl of Rutland.

On 20 Jan 1857 Captain Ebenezer Jones (age 59) died.

On 20 Jan 1871 William Verner 1st Baronet (age 88) died.

On 20 Jan 1886 Caroline FitzHardinge Berkeley (age 82) died.

On 20 Jan 1887 Augusta Elizabeth Denison Baroness Wrottesley (age 54) died.

On 20 Jan 1888 William Henry Pole-Carew (age 76) died.

On 20 Jan 1896 Henry Mountbatten (age 37) died.

On 20 Jan 1900 John Ruskin (age 80) died.

On 20 Jan 1908 Massey Lopes 3rd Baronet (age 89) died. His son Henry Lopes 1st Baron Roborough (age 48) succeeded 4th Baronet Lopes of Maristow-House in Devon.

On 20 Jan 1912 William Sydney Hylton Joliffe (age 70) died.

On 20 Jan 1914 Maria Stonor (age 81) died.

On 20 Jan 1915 Samuel Hoare 1st Baronet (age 73) died. His son Samuel Hoare 1st Viscount Templewood (age 34) succeeded 2nd Baronet Hoare of Sidestrand Hall.

On 20 Jan 1918 Frances Henrietta Lyttelton (age 32) died.

On 20 Jan 1919 Emily Jane Berkeley died.

On 20 Jan 1932 Frederick George Wynn (age 79) died.

On 20 Jan 1936 George V King United Kingdom (age 70) died. His son King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom (age 41) succeeded VIII King of the United Kingdom. Duke York extinct.

On 20 Jan 1937 Gwendolen Theresa Chetwynd-Talbot (age 79) died.

On 20 Jan 1948 Cecilia Clementia Wombwell (age 83) died.

On 20 Jan 1952 Florence Margaret Rose Villiers died.

On 20 Jan 1954 James Graham 6th Duke Montrose (age 75) died.

On 20 Jan 1963 Dudley Pigott aka Carleton 2nd Baron Dorchester (age 86) died.

On 20 Jan 2005 John Nigel Ralph Bingham (age 89) died.