Biography of Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York 1341-1402

Paternal Family Tree: Anjou aka Plantagenet

Maternal Family Tree: Elizabeth Cuman

1327 Abdication of Edward II

1328 Marriage of King Edward III and Philippa of Hainault

1361 Creation of Garter Knights

1367 Battle of Nájera

1377 Death of Edward III

1385 Richard II Creates his Two Uncles as Dukes

1386 Wonderful Parliament

1388 Merciless Parliament

1392 Death of Isabella of Castile

1397 John Beaufort created Earl Somerset

1398 Thomas Mowbray Duel

1399 Henry IV lands at Ravenspur

1401 Parliament Henry IV 2: 31 The Names of the Lords Present

Abdication of Edward II

On 25 Jan 1327 [his grandfather] King Edward II of England (age 42) abdicated II King England. His son [his father] King Edward III of England (age 14) succeeded III King England.

Marriage of King Edward III and Philippa of Hainault

On 24 Jan 1328 [his father] King Edward III of England (age 15) and [his mother] Philippa of Hainault (age 13) were married at York Minster [Map]. She by marriage Queen Consort England. She was crowned the same day. She the daughter of [his grandfather] William Hainault I Count Hainault III Count Avesnes III Count Holland II Count Zeeland (age 42) and Joan Valois Countess Zeeland Holland Avesnes and Hainault (age 34). He the son of [his grandfather] King Edward II of England and [his grandmother] Isabella of France Queen Consort England (age 33). They were second cousins. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England.

The marriage was the quid pro quo for her father William Hainault I Count Hainault III Count Avesnes III Count Holland II Count Zeeland (age 42) having supported his mother Isabella of France Queen Consort England (age 33) and Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March (age 40) returning to England to usurp the throne of Edward's father King Edward II of England.

On 05 Jun 1341 Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York was born to King Edward III of England (age 28) and Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England (age 26) at King's Langley, Hertfordshire [Map]. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.00%.

1361 Creation of Garter Knights

In 1361 [his father] King Edward III of England (age 48) created three of his sons as Garter Knights ...

35th [his brother] Lionel Plantagenet 1st Duke of Clarence (age 22).

36th [his brother] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 20).

37th Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York (age 19).

38th Edward Despencer 1st Baron Despencer, Baron Burghesh (age 25).

In 1362 Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York (age 20) was created 1st Earl Cambridge.

Battle of Nájera

On 03 Apr 1367 the forces of Peter "Cruel" I King Castile (age 32) commanded by [his brother] Edward "Black Prince" (age 36) defeated the army of Henry "Fratricide" II King Castile (age 33) at the Battle of Nájera at Nájera. The English forces included [his brother] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 27), William Scrope, Peter Courtenay (age 21), John Devereux 1st Baron Devereux (age 30), John Savile of Shelley and Golcar (age 42), Bernard Brocas (age 37) and Thomas Banastre (age 33).

The forces of Henry "Fratricide" II King Castile (age 33) included Bertrand Geusclin (age 47). The battle achieved little since Bertrand Geusclin (age 47) escaped.

John Ferrers 4th Baron Ferrers of Chartley (age 36) was killed. His son Robert Ferrers 5th Baron Ferrers of Chartley (age 9) succeeded 5th Baron Ferrers of Chartley. Margaret Despencer Baroness Ferrers of Chartley by marriage Baroness Ferrers of Chartley.

Edward "Black Prince" (age 36) thereafter returned home, taking Peter's daughters [his illegitimate sister-in-law] Constance (age 13) and [his future wife] Isabella (age 12) as hostages to ensure Peter would pay the money owed to Edward. Constance (age 13) married John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 27), Isabella (age 12) married Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York (age 25).

On 15 Aug 1369 [his mother] Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England (age 55) died at Windsor Castle [Map]. Her husband [his father] King Edward III of England (age 56) and youngest son [his brother] Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester (age 14) were present. She was given a state funeral six months later on 09 Jan 1370 at which she was interred at on the northeast side of the Chapel of St Edward the Confessor, Westminster Abbey [Map] at Westminster Abbey. Her alabaster effigy was executed by sculptor Jean de Liège.

On 21 Sep 1371 [his brother] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 31) and [his illegitimate sister-in-law] Constance of Castile Duchess of Lancaster (age 17) were married at Roquefort, Landes. She by marriage Duchess Lancaster. His younger brother Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York (age 30) married Constance's sister in July 1372. An example of Marriage of Two Sets of Siblings. She the illegitmate daughter of Peter "Cruel" I King Castile and Maria Padilla. He the son of King Edward III of England (age 58) and Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England.

On 11 Jul 1372 Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York (age 31) and Isabella of Castile Duchess York (age 17) were married at Wallingford, Oxfordshire [Map]. She by marriage Countess Cambridge. She being the younger sister of Constance (age 18) who had married Edmund's older brother John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 32) a year before. An example of Marriage of Two Sets of Siblings. She the illegitmate daughter of Peter "Cruel" I King Castile and Maria Padilla. He the son of King Edward III of England (age 59) and Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England.

Around 1373 [his son] Edward York 2nd Duke of York 1st Duke Albemarle was born to Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York (age 31) and [his wife] Isabella of Castile Duchess York (age 18) at King's Langley, Hertfordshire [Map]. He a grandson of King Edward III of England.

Around 1374 [his daughter] Constance York Countess Gloucester was born to Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York (age 32) and [his wife] Isabella of Castile Duchess York (age 19) at Conisbrough Castle [Map]. She a granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

Death of Edward III

On 21 Jun 1377 [his father] King Edward III of England (age 64) died of a stroke at Sheen Palace [Map]. He was buried in the Chapel of St Edward the Confessor, Westminster Abbey [Map]. His grandson King Richard II of England (age 10) succeeded II King England.

Before 07 Nov 1379 [his son-in-law] Thomas Despencer 1st Earl Gloucester (age 6) and [his daughter] Constance York Countess Gloucester (age 5) were married. She the daughter of Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York (age 38) and Isabella of Castile Duchess York (age 24). They were third cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England. She a granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

In 1381 [his son] Edward York 2nd Duke of York 1st Duke Albemarle (age 8) and [his daughter-in-law] Beatrice Burgundy Countess Rutland and Cork (age 8) were married. She the daughter of Ferdinand I King Portugal (age 35) and Leonor Teles Meneses Queen Consort Portugal. He the son of Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York (age 39) and Isabella of Castile Duchess York (age 26). They were second cousin once removed. He a grandson of King Edward III of England.

Before 1385 John Holland 1st Duke Exeter (age 33) was rumoured to be having an affair with [his wife] Isabella of Castile Duchess York (age 29) wife of Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York (age 43).

On 20 Jul 1385 [his son] Richard of Conisbrough 1st Earl Cambridge was born to Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York (age 44) and [his wife] Isabella of Castile Duchess York (age 30) at Conisbrough Castle [Map] although there was speculation the father was John Holland 1st Duke Exeter (age 33) with whom Isabella of Castile Duchess York (age 30) was suspected of having an affair. He a grandson of King Edward III of England.

Richard II Creates his Two Uncles as Dukes

On 06 Aug 1385 Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York (age 44) was created 1st Duke York by King Richard II of England (age 18). [his wife] Isabella of Castile Duchess York (age 30) by marriage Duchess York.

In 1385 [his brother] Thomas of Woodstock 1st Duke of Gloucester (age 29) was created 1st Duke Albemarle aka Aumale, and around the same time, 1st Duke Gloucester. Eleanor Bohun Duchess Gloucester (age 19) by marriage Duchess Albemarle aka Aumale and Duchess Gloucester.

Wonderful Parliament

The Chronicle of Adam of Usk. Sep 1386. Owing to the many ill-starred crises of king Richard’s (age 19) reign, which were caused by his youth, a solemn parliament was holden at Westminster, wherein twelve of the chief men of the land were advanced, by full provision of parliament, to the government of the king and the kingdom, in order to bridle the wantonness and extravagance of his servants and flatterers, and, in short, to reform the business of the realm; but alas! only to lead to the weary deeds which are hereinafter written1.

Note 1. The actual number of the commissioners appointed by the Wonderful Parliament of 1386 was eleven, or fourteen if the three principal officers of state be included. The eleven were: the archbishops of Canterbury (age 44) and York (age 45), the dukes of York (age 45) and [his brother] Gloucester (age 31), the bishops of Winchester (age 66) and Exeter, the abbot of Waltham, the earl of Arundel, John de Cobham, Richard le Scrope, and John Devereux. Thomas Arundel (age 33), bishop of Ely, had replaced Michael de la Pole (age 25), earl of Suffolk, as chancellor; John Gilbert, bishop of Hereford, was treasurer; and John de Waltham, keeper of the privy seal. It will be remembered that John of Gaunt (age 46) was at this time in Spain, as a reason for his name not appearing on the commission.

Merciless Parliament

On 03 Feb 1388 the Merciless Parliament commenced. It ended on 04 Jun 1388. Its primary function was to prosecute members of the Court of King Richard II of England (age 21). The term "Merciless" is contemporary having been coined by the chronicler Henry Knighton.

Michael de la Pole 1st Earl Suffolk (age 58) was sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered in his absence. He had escaped to France.

Archbishop Alexander Neville (age 47) was found guilty of treason and it was determined to imprison him for life in Rochester Castle, Kent [Map]. He fled to Louvain [Map] where he became a parish priest for the remainder of his life.

On 19 Feb 1388 Robert Tresilian was hanged naked and his throat cut. See Chronicle of Adam of Usk.

On 25 Mar 1388 Nicholas Brembre was hanged. He was buried at Christ Church Greyfriars [Map].

On 05 May 1388 Simon Burley (age 48) was executed despite the protestations of his friend Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York (age 46). See Chronicle of Adam of Usk.

On 12 May 1388 John Beauchamp 1st Baron Beauchamp (age 69) was beheaded at Tower Hill [Map]. He was buried at Worcester Cathedral [Map]. Baron Beauchamp of Kidderminster forfeit.

Robert de Vere 1st Duke Ireland (age 26) was attainted.

Death of Isabella of Castile

On 23 Dec 1392 [his wife] Isabella of Castile Duchess York (age 37) died. She the wife of Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York (age 51). Isabella had travelled to England with her sister [his illegitimate sister-in-law] Constance of Castile Duchess of Lancaster (age 38) who had married Edmund's elder brother [his brother] John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 52). Isabella and Edmund's marriage was not, apparently, a happy one. She is known to have had an affair with John Holland 1st Duke Exeter (age 40) who may have been the father of [his son] Richard of Conisbrough 1st Earl Cambridge (age 7) progenitor of the House of York.

On 04 Nov 1393 Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York (age 52) and Joan Holland Duchess York (age 13) were married. She by marriage Duchess York. The difference in their ages was 38 years. She the daughter of Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent (age 43) and Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent (age 43). He the son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England. They were half second cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England.

John Beaufort created Earl Somerset

Calendars. 32. The king (age 30) to his archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors, dukes, earls, barons, justices, sheriffs, reeves, ministers, and other his bailiffs and faithful men, greeting. Know that we, considering the strenuous probity and prudent mind, distinguished conduct and nobility of birth of our beloved and faithful kinsman John Beaufort (age 24), knight, son of our beloved uncle [his brother] John duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster (age 56), and willing therefore deservedly to exalt the same John Beaufort with the prerogative of honour, we do appoint and create John Beaufort earl of Somerset in our present parliament, and invest him with the style and name and honour of the aforesaid earl by girding him with the sword, to have to him and his male heirs issuing from his body in perpetuity. And that the same earl and his aforesaid heirs, given such name and honour, may the better and more honourably support the burdens incumbent upon the same, of our special grace in our present parliament we have given and granted, and by this our charter confirmed, to the same earl and his aforesaid heirs twenty pounds to be received each year from the issues of the aforesaid county by the hand of the sheriff of that county for the time being, at the terms of Easter and Michaelmas [29 September] in equal portions, in perpetuity. Witnessed by these, the venerable father Thomas archbishop of Canterbury (age 44) primate of all England, John of Aquitaine and Lancaster, and Edmund of York (age 55), dukes; Robert of London, William of Winchester (age 77), John of Ely, Edmund of Exeter, our chancellor (age 53), bishops; Henry of Derby (age 29), [his son] Edward of Rutland (age 24), Thomas of Nottingham and marshal of England (age 28), earls; Reginald Grey (age 35), Ralph Neville (age 33), John Lovell, knights; Roger Walden dean of York, our treasurer, Thomas Percy (age 54), steward of our household, Guy Mone, keeper of our privy seal, and others. Given by our hand at Westminster on 10 February in the twentieth year of our reign [10 Feb 1397].

Before 07 Oct 1398 [his son] Edward York 2nd Duke of York 1st Duke Albemarle (age 25) and [his daughter-in-law] Philippa Mohun Duchess Albemarle aka Aumale Duchess York (age 31) were married. He the son of Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York (age 57) and Isabella of Castile Duchess York. He a grandson of King Edward III of England.

Thomas Mowbray Duel

Froissart. Before 19 Oct 1398. Not long after this, the king of England (age 31) summoned a large council of the great nobles and prelates at Eltham [Map]. On their arrival, he placed his two uncles of [his brother] Lancaster (age 58) and York (age 57) beside him, with the earls of Northumberland (age 56), Salisbury (age 48) and Huntingdon (age 46). The earl of Derby (age 31) and the earl marshal (age 30) were sent for, and put into separate chambers, for it had been ordered they were not to meet. The king (age 31) showed he wished to mediate between them, notwithstanding their words had been very displeasing to him, and ought not to be lightly pardoned. He required therefore that they should submit themselves to his decision; and to this end sent the constable of England, with four great barons, to oblige them to promise punctually to obey it. The constable and the lords waited on the two earls, and explained the king's intentions They both bound themselves, in their presence, to abide by whatever sentence the king should give. They having reported this, the king said,- "Well then, I order that the earl marshal (age 30), for having caused trouble in this kingdom, by uttering words which he could not prove otherwise than by common report, be banished the realm: he may seek any other land he pleases to dwell in, but he must give over all hope of returning hither, as I banish him for life. I also order, that the earl of Derby (age 31), our cousin, for having angered us, and because he has been, in some measure, the cause of the earl marshal's (age 30) crime and punishment, prepare to leave the kingdom within fifteen days, and be banished hence for the term of ten years, without daring to return unless recalled by us; but we shall reserve to ourself the power of abridging this term in part or altogether." The sentence was satisfactory to the lords present, who said: "The earl of Derby (age 31) may readily go two or three years and amuse himself in foreign parts, for he is young enough; and, although he has already travelled to Prussia, the Holy Sepulchre, Cairo and Saint Catherine's1, he will find other places to visit. He has two sisters, queens of Castillo (age 25) and of Portugal (age 38), and may cheerfully pass his time with them. The lords, knights and squires of those countries, will make him welcome, for at this moment all warfare is at an end. On his arrival in Castille, as he is very active, he may put them in motion, and lead them against the infidels of Granada, which will employ his time better than remaining idle in England. Or he may go to Hainault, where his cousin, and brother in arms, the count d'Ostrevant, will be happily to see him, and gladly entertain him, that he may assist him in his war against the Frieslanders. If he go to Hainault, lie can have frequent intelligence from his own country and children. He therefore cannot fail of doing well, whithersoever he goes; and the king (age 31) may speedily recall him, through means of the good friends he will leave behind, for he is the finest feather in his cap; and he must not therefore suffer him to be too long absent, if he wish to gain the love of his subjects. The earl marshal (age 30) has had hard treatment, for he is banished without hope of ever being recalled; but, to say the truth, he has deserved it, for all this mischief has been caused by him and his foolish talking: he must therefore pay for it." Thus conversed many English knights with each other, the day the king passed sentence on the earl of Derby (age 31) and the earl marshal (age 30).

Note 1. The monastery on Mount Sinai. - Ed.

Froissart. After 19 Oct 1398. When the day of his exile drew near, he went to Eltham where the king (age 31) resided. He found there his [his brother] father (age 58), the duke of York (age 57) his uncle, and with them the earl of Northumberland (age 56), sir Henry Percy (age 34) his son, and a great many barons and knights of England, vexed that his ill fortune should force him out of England. The greater part of them accompanied him to the presence of the king (age 31), to learn his ultimate pleasure as to this banishment. The king (age 31) pretended that he was very happy to see these lords: he entertained them well, and there was a full court on the occasion. The earl of Salisbury (age 48), and the earl of Huntingdon (age 46), who had married the duke of Lancaster's (age 58) daughter (age 35), were present, and kept near to the earl of Derby (age 31), whether through dissimulation or not I am ignorant. When the time for the earl of Derby's (age 31) taking leave arrived, the king (age 31) addressed his cousin with great apparent humility, and said, "that as God might help him, the words which had passed between him and the lord marshal had much vexed him; and that he had judged the matter between them to the best of his understanding, and to satisfy the people, who had murmured greatly at this quarrel. Wherefore, cousin," he added, "to relieve you somewhat of your pain, I now remit four years of the term of your banishment, and reduce it to six years instead often. Make your preparations, and provide accordingly." "My lord," replied the earl, "I humbly thank you; and, when it shall be your good pleasure, you will extend your mercy." The lords present were satisfied with the answer, and for this time were well pleased with the king's (age 31) behaviour, for he received them kindly. Some of them returned with the earl of Derby (age 31) to London. The earl's baggage had been sent forward to Dover, and he was advised by his father, on his arrival at Calais, to go straight to Paris, and wait on the king of France (age 29) and his cousins the princes of France, for by their means he would be the sooner enabled to shorten his exile than by any other. Had not the duke of Lancaster earnestly pressed this matter, like a father anxious to console his son, he would have taken the direct road to the count d'Ostrevant in Hainault.

Henry IV lands at Ravenspur

On 07 Jul 1399 Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York (age 58) appointed William Scrope 1st Earl Wiltshire (age 49), Henry Green (age 52) and John Bussy to protect Kent against invasion by Henry Bolingbroke Earl of Derby (age 32).

Parliament Henry IV 2: 31 The Names of the Lords Present

After 07 Jan 1401. The names of the lords who were present at the said declaration are as follows:

Henry, prince of Wales (age 14).

Edmund, duke of York (age 59).

[his son] Edward, earl of Rutland (age 28).

Thomas, earl of Arundel (age 19).

John, earl of Somerset (age 28).

Edmund, earl of Stafford (age 22).

Henry, earl of Northumberland (age 59).

Ralph, earl of Westmorland (age 37).

Thomas, earl of Worcester (age 58).

Michael, earl of Suffolk (age 40).

Richard, Lord Grey of Codnor (age 30).

Thomas, Lord Berkeley (age 49).

John, Lord Charlton.

Reginald, Lord Grey of Ruthin (age 39).

Thomas, Lord Camoys (age 50).

Thomas, Lord Furnivall (age 39).

Robert, Lord Scales (age 29).

John, Lord Beaumont.

William, Lord Willoughby (age 31).

Hugh, Lord Burnell (age 54).

William, Lord Ferrers of Groby (age 28).

William, Lord Bergavenny (age 58).

John, Lord Lovell (age 60).

Robert, Lord Harrington (age 45).

Richard Lescrope (age 74).

Before 1402 King Edward III of England gave Conisbrough Castle [Map] to his son Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York (age 60).

On 01 Aug 1402 Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York (age 61) died at King's Langley, Hertfordshire [Map]. His son [his son] Edward York 2nd Duke of York 1st Duke Albemarle (age 29) succeeded 2nd Duke York, 2nd Earl Cambridge and inherited his estates which included Conisbrough Castle [Map]. [his daughter-in-law] Philippa Mohun Duchess Albemarle aka Aumale Duchess York (age 35) by marriage Duchess York.

Before 09 Aug 1404 William Willoughby 5th Baron Willoughby (age 34) and [his former wife] Joan Holland Duchess York (age 24) were married. She by marriage Baroness Willoughby de Eresby. She the daughter of Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent and Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent (age 54). She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England.

After 06 Sep 1410 Henry Scrope 3rd Baron Scrope Masham (age 37) and [his former wife] Joan Holland Duchess York (age 30) were married. She by marriage Baroness Scrope Masham. She the daughter of Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent and Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent (age 60). She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England.

Before 27 Apr 1416 Henry Bromflete 1st Baron Vesci (age 9) and [his former wife] Joan Holland Duchess York (age 36) were married. There appears to be a twenty-seven year age gap here which may suggest the marriage ewas a reward to him since she, having being married three times before, including to Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York, would be a wealthy widow. The difference in their ages was 26 years; she, unusually, being older than him. She the daughter of Thomas Holland 2nd Earl Kent and Alice Fitzalan Countess Kent (deceased). She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England.

On 12 Apr 1434 [his former wife] Joan Holland Duchess York (age 54) died.

Calendars. 33. Also, on the same Saturday [10 February 1397], a charter of the king made to the earl marshal touching his office of marshal of England, and the gold staff adorned with the emblem of the king's arms which he will carry in his office, was read and delivered to the said earl. The tenor of which charter follows:

The king to the same, greeting. Know that whereas recently by our letters patent of our special grace we granted to our beloved kinsman Thomas, Earl of Nottingham, the office of marshal of England, together with the name and honour of earl marshal, to have to him and his male heirs issuing from his body, with all the fees, profits, and appurtenances whatsoever pertaining in any way to the said office, in perpetuity; as is fully contained in the same letters. We, mindful of the gracious and laudable services often performed by the aforementioned earl, on either side of the sea, for the benefit and honour of us and our kingdom, at no small effort, cost, and charge to him; and wishing therefore to provide for the estate and honour of that earl, of our special grace have granted in our present parliament for us and our heirs to the same earl the said office, and the name, title, and honour of earl marshal of England, to have to him and his male heirs issuing from his body, together with all offices, commodities, profits and other appurtenances whatsoever, both in our courts and elsewhere, relating or pertaining in any way to the same office, in the same manner and as fully, freely, wholly, and peacefully as Thomas Brotherton, lately Earl of Norfolk and marshal of England, father of our beloved kinswoman Margaret Countess of Norfolk, [widow] of the aforesaid late earl, or Roger Bigod sometime Earl of Norfolk and marshal of England, or any other after the death of the same former earl, or the same present earl, had or held the said office of marshal of England in their time.

Willing further and granting for us and our heirs, that the office of marshal of our Bench before us, which John Wicks holds for the term of his life by our grant, and the office of marshal in our treasury which Richard Gascoigne holds for his life by grant of our beloved brother Thomas Earl of Kent, lately marshal of England, by our confirmation; and also the office of herald of the marshal before the steward and marshal of our household, which Guy Allesley holds for his life by grant of the lord Edward [III], late king of England, our grandfather, and by our confirmation; which offices after the death of the aforesaid John, Richard and Guy should revert to us and our heirs, after the death of the same John, Richard, and Guy shall remain to the aforementioned earl marshal, to have to him and his male heirs in perpetuity. And that the same offices, and all other offices in any of our courts and elsewhere, which pertained, and used to pertain to the said office of marshal of England in times past, shall be fully restored, annexed, and reunited to the said office of marshal of England in perpetuity. And that the same earl and his male heirs may give, grant, or confer those offices on any suitable persons freely and without hindrance as soon as they shall have fallen vacant by death, demise, resignation, surrender, or in any other way, notwithstanding any of our letters patent made to the contrary.

Considering also the vigour and nobility of that earl, and that he may in future the more fittingly and honourably perform and exercise the aforesaid office, we have granted for us and our heirs to the same present earl that he and his said male heirs, marshals of England, by virtue of their aforesaid office should have, carry, and bear, as well in the presence as in the absence of us and our heirs, a certain gold staff, with both ends enamelled in black, and with the emblem of our arms decorating the top of the said staff, and with the emblem of the arms of that earl decorating the bottom of the said staff; notwithstanding that the same present earl in his time, or the aforementioned former earls, or any other who had the said office of marshal of England before this time, used to carry or bear a wooden staff. Witnessed by these, the venerable fathers Thomas archbishop of Canterbury, primate of all England, Robert of London, William of Winchester, John of Ely, Edmund of Exeter, our chancellor, bishops; [his brother] John of Aquitaine and Lancaster, Edmund of York, dukes, our beloved uncles; Henry of Derby, [his son] Edward of Rutland, Henry of Northumberland, earls; Reginald Grey of Ruthin, Ralph Neville, John Lovell, knights; Roger Walden, dean of York, our treasurer, Thomas Percy, steward of our household, and others. Given by our hand at Westminster on 10 February 1397.

Calendars. 6. The following are assigned to be triers of petitions from Gascony and from other lands and countries overseas, and from the Channel Islands:

The archbishop of York.

The duke of York.

The Bishop of  Ely.

The Bishop of Chester.

The Abbot of Waltham.

[his son] The Earl of Rutland.

The earl marshal.

The Earl of Northumberland.

Lord Despenser.

Lord Grey of Ruthin.

John Hull.

Hugh Huls.

John Markham.

- to act all together, or six of the aforesaid prelates and lords; consulting with the chancellor, treasurer, steward, and chamberlain, and also the king's serjeants when necessary. And they shall hold their session in the Marcolf Chamber.

And those who wish to submit petitions should hand them in between now and next Friday evening [26 January 1397].

Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York 1341-1402 appears on the following Descendants Family Trees:

King John "Lackland" of England 1166-1216

King Henry III of England 1207-1272

King Edward "Longshanks" I of England 1239-1307

King Edward III of England 1312-1377

Raymond Berenguer Provence IV Count Provence 1198-1245

Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England 1314-1369

Royal Ancestors of Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York 1341-1402

Kings Wessex: Great x 9 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings England: Son of King Edward III of England

Kings Scotland: Great x 7 Grand Son of Malcolm III King Scotland

Kings Franks: Great x 5 Grand Son of Louis VII King Franks

Kings France: Great Grand Son of Philip "The Fair" IV King France

Royal Descendants of Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York 1341-1402

King Edward IV of England x 1

King Richard III of England x 1

Anne Neville Queen Consort England x 1

Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom x 13

Queen Consort Camilla Shand x 3

Diana Spencer Princess Wales x 29

Ancestors of Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York 1341-1402

Great x 4 Grandfather: King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England

Great x 3 Grandfather: King John "Lackland" of England Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: King Henry III of England Son of King John "Lackland" of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: King Edward "Longshanks" I of England Son of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Alfonso Barcelona II Count Provence

Great x 3 Grandfather: Raymond Berenguer Provence IV Count Provence

Great x 4 Grandmother: Gersenda II Sabran Countess Provence

Great x 2 Grandmother: Eleanor of Provence Queen Consort England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Savoy I Count Savoy

Great x 3 Grandmother: Beatrice Savoy Countess Provence

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Geneva Countess Savoy

GrandFather: King Edward II of England Son of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Ferdinand II King Leon

Great x 3 Grandfather: Alfonso IX King Leon

Great x 4 Grandmother: Urraca Burgundy Queen Consort Leon

Great x 2 Grandfather: Ferdinand III King Castile III King Leon Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Alfonso VIII King Castile

Great x 3 Grandmother: Berengaria Ivrea I Queen Castile Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Eleanor Plantagenet Queen Consort Castile Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Eleanor of Castile Queen Consort England 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Alberic Dammartin

Great x 3 Grandfather: Simon Dammartin

Great x 4 Grandmother: Mathilde Clermont

Great x 2 Grandmother: Joan Dammartin Queen Consort Castile and Leon

Great x 4 Grandfather: William Montgomery IV Count Ponthieu

Great x 3 Grandmother: Marie Montgomery Countess Ponthieu

Great x 4 Grandmother: Alys Capet Countess Ponthieu

Father: King Edward III of England Son of King Edward II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Louis "Lion" VIII King France 3 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: King Louis IX of France Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Blanche Ivrea Queen Consort France Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Philip "Bold" III King France 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Philip "The Fair" IV King France 3 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Peter II King Aragon

Great x 3 Grandfather: James I King Aragon

Great x 4 Grandmother: Marie Montpellier Queen Consort Aragon

Great x 2 Grandmother: Isabella Barcelona Queen Consort France

Great x 4 Grandfather: King Andrew II of Hungary

Great x 3 Grandmother: Violant Árpád Queen Consort Aragon

GrandMother: Isabella of France Queen Consort England 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Theobald Blois III Count Champagne 2 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Theobald IV King Navarre 3 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Blanche Ramirez

Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry I King Navarre 4 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Archambaud "Great" Dampierre

Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Bourbon Queen Consort Navarre

Great x 4 Grandmother: Alix Forez

Great x 1 Grandmother: Joan Blois I Queen Navarre 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Louis "Lion" VIII King France 3 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Robert Capet Count of Artois Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Blanche Ivrea Queen Consort France Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Blanche Capet Queen Navarre 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Reginar II Duke Brabant 3 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Matilda Reginar Countess Saint Pol 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Marie Swabia Duchess Brabant

Edmund of Langley 1st Duke York Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: James Avesnes

Great x 3 Grandfather: Bouchard Avesnes

Great x 4 Grandmother: Adela Guise

Great x 2 Grandfather: John Hainault I Count Hainault 4 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret II Countess Flanders 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Marie Blois Countess Flanders 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: John Hainault II Count Hainault II Count Holland 5 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: William Gerulfing I Count Holland

Great x 3 Grandfather: Floris Gerulfing IV Count Holland

Great x 4 Grandmother: Adelaide Guelders Countess Holland

Great x 2 Grandmother: Adelaide Gerulfing Countess Hainault 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Mathilde Reginar Countess Holland and Palatine 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Maud Metz 2 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England

GrandFather: William Hainault I Count Hainault III Count Avesnes III Count Holland II Count Zeeland 6 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Luxemburg III Duke Limburg

Great x 3 Grandfather: Waleran Luxemburg III Duke Limburg

Great x 4 Grandmother: Sophia Saarbrücken Duchess Limburg

Great x 2 Grandfather: Henry "Great" Luxemburg V Count Luxemburg III Count Namur

Great x 1 Grandmother: Philippa Luxemburg Countess Hainault and Holland 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Theobald of Bar I Count of Bar 2 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry of Bar II Count of Bar 3 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Erminsende of Bar Sur Seine Countess Bar

Great x 2 Grandmother: Margaret of Bar Countess Luxemburg and Namur 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Capet II Count Dreux

Great x 3 Grandmother: Philippa Capet Countess of Bar

Great x 4 Grandmother: Yolande Coucy Countess Dreux

Mother: Philippa of Hainault Queen Consort England 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Louis "Lion" VIII King France 3 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: King Louis IX of France Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Blanche Ivrea Queen Consort France Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Philip "Bold" III King France 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Charles Valois I Count Valois 3 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Peter II King Aragon

Great x 3 Grandfather: James I King Aragon

Great x 4 Grandmother: Marie Montpellier Queen Consort Aragon

Great x 2 Grandmother: Isabella Barcelona Queen Consort France

Great x 4 Grandfather: King Andrew II of Hungary

Great x 3 Grandmother: Violant Árpád Queen Consort Aragon

GrandMother: Joan Valois Countess Zeeland Holland Avesnes and Hainault 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Louis "Lion" VIII King France 3 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: King Charles Capet of Sicily Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Blanche Ivrea Queen Consort France Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Charles II King Naples 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Margaret Capet Countess Valois 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Béla IV King of Hungary

Great x 3 Grandfather: Stephen V of Hungary

Great x 2 Grandmother: Mary of Hungary Queen Consort Naples

Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Cuman