Chronicle of Gregory 1403-1419. 16 Aug 1415. and the xvj day of the same monythe he londyd at Kytkawys, and the Satyrday he leyde sege unto the towne of Arflewe, and that was the Satyrday nexte aftyr of the Assompsyon of oure Lady; and the sege contynuyd unto the Sonday nexte be fore the feste of Synt Mychelle, on the whiche Sonday the towne of Arflewe was delyveryd uppe to the kyng, that was xxij day of Septembre. But hit ys to wyte that the Tewysday before, that ys to saye the xvj day of the same monythe, at xij of the clocke whytheynne nyght, the lordys that were the capytaynys and governowrys of the towne, that ys to wete the Lorde Gawcorte¹⁴, the Lorde Tutvyle, and moo othyr lordys, sende owte herodys of armys unto the Duke of Clarens (age 26), prayng hym at the reverens of God that he wolde of hys hyghe lordeschippe that he wolde graunte them lyve and leve for to trete whythe what personys that the kyng wolde a-sygne unto hem; and the kyng at the reverens of God and at hyre requeste he assygnyde the Duke of Exceter [Note. Unclear as to who this is? Possibly Thomas Beaufort 1st Duke Exeter (age 38) who was created Duke the following year?], the Lorde Fehewe, and Syr Thomas Erpyngham (age 60), to hyre whatt they wolde say and desyre. And they desyryd that the kyng wolde nought warre on them fro that oure of mydnyght unto the Sonday nexte aftyr the feste of Synt Mychell, and but hyt were rescwyd by batayle by that day by the Frenysche kyng or by the Dolfynne, ellys at that daye to delyver the towne unto the kynge, and they to have hyr lyvys and hyr goodys. Ande the kyng sende hem worde yf that they wolde delivery the towne on the morne aftyr, be the oure of mydnyght a bove sayde, with owte any condyscyon, he wolde accepte hyt, and in non othyr wyse he bade hem for to trete. Ande yette the Fraynysche lordys prayde our lordys that they wolde fochesave to be-seche the kynge at the reverens of God and of oure Lady that he wolde graunte them respyte fro the same Twysday at nyght unto the Sonday nexte aftyr tylle one owre aftyr none; and in the mayne tyme the lordys that were captaynys of the towne to come to the kynge whithe xxiiij knyghtys and squyers with hem, of the moste suffycyent men whithe in the towne, and they to be sworne on Goddys body opynly before alle the pepylle. But yf¹⁵ hit soo were that the Fraynysche kynge or the Dolfynne rescwyde hem by that Sonday by the owre of none, othyr ellys a-non aftyr none, they for to delyvery the towne to the kyng and alle hyr bodys and goodys to don whythe hem what so hem evyr lyste, whythe¹⁶ any condiscyon. Whythe that the kynge sufferde hem to sende unto Frauns viij personys owte of the towne lettyng hym wytte in what plytte that they stode yn, and the kyng grauntyd hem; and uppe the Wanysday by [th]e mone the lordys come owte, and xxij knyghtys and squyers whythe hem; and thenne come the prosessyon solempny and stately, whithe xxiiij copys of clothe of golde by-fore Goddys body, whythe many worschipfulle lordys, knyhtis, and squyers, and othyr multytude of pepylle from [th]e kyngys tente, solempny and stately as evyr was done suche a thyng be-for tyme. But the kyng was nott here present. And the Franysche lordys made thare hyr othys a-pon the sacrament; and, the othys done, the Fraynysche lordys were brought unto the kyngys tente, and there they dynyd in the kyngys halle, but in alle thys tyme they sawe nought the kynge. And whanne that they hadde etyn they departyd and delyveryd to sartayne for to kepe yn ostage tylle the Sonday on none, as hyt was a cordyment i-made before tyme whenne that they toke hyr othys. And the Sonday at the same owre a-signyd the kyng hadde a tente phyght a-pone a hylle be-fore the towne, and there he sate in his estate, ryally, and alle hys lordys aboute hym. And thenne come the Fraynysche lordys, with lxiiij whythe hem of the moste suffycyentt men that were whythe yn the towne, to the kyngys owne propyr person, and delyveryd uppe the keyes of the towne and hyr boodys and hyr goodys to the kynges grace, whithe owte any condyscyon. And thys was the xxij day of Septembre, the yere of our Lorde Ml cccc xv.

Note 14. Sawcortein our MS. by a misreading; Gawcourte in Vit.

Note 15. But if, i. e. unless.

Note 16. whythe. withoute, Vit.

Chronicle of Gregory 1403-1419. 1418. The same John Bryan [Sheriff of London] scheryve unto the ix day of Octobre, and thenne he dyde; and thenne John Pernys [J Parnasse] was chose sheryve for the yere. And fro that day of Saynt Edwarde contynuyd the sege of Rone unto the xxiiij⁵³ day of Janyver, as hyt ys by-fore sayde; at the whiche day they of the cytte desyryd to trete. And the kynge (age 31) commaundyd the Erle of Warwyke, and the Erle of Salysbury, the Lorde Fehewe, Syr Watyr Hungerforde (age 39), Gylbert Houmfryvyle, John Vasquyes de Almada, and Robert⁵⁴ Knyght, to trete whythe hem. And for the party of Roone [Map] [these folowyng]:⁵⁵

Fyrste, hyt ys accordyd that Syr Gy Butler, captayne of the cytte of Roone [Map], with the consentte of the nobylle cyttezyns and of othyr dwellynge and beyng in the same cytte and castelle a-bove sayde, whythe owt fraude or malyngnynge, what tyme aftyr the myddys of the xix day of thys present monythe of Janyver, oure sayde lorde the kynge wylle that the cytte and the castelle too hym or to hys be delyveryd undyr maner and in forme whythe ynne wrytte.

Alle so hyt ys accordyd that the day and the howre⁵⁶ of that of the nobylle cyttezyns and othyr whatt soo evyr they be dwellynge and beynge in the fore sayde cytte and castelle shalle submyt hem in alle thyngys to the grace of oure excellent lorde the kyng.

Alle so hyt ys accordyd that fro thys howre⁵⁷ unto the reale and effectualle [yeldyng]⁵⁸ of the sayde cytte and castelle, none of forsayde noble cyttezyns othyr othyr⁵⁹ being in the same cytte and castelle shalle nought goo owte of the sayde cytte and castelle with owte specyalle lyscens of oure excellente lorde the kynge.⁶⁰

Alle so hyt ys accordyd that fro thys howre⁵⁷ unto the delyverans of the cytte any⁶¹ of [th]e parteys shalle abstayne hem from alle goodys⁶² of werre to make a yenste the othyr partys of hem. Alle so hyt ys accordyde that the noble cyttezeyns and othyr beynge in the cytte and castelle shalle paye to oure fore sayde lorde the kynge CCC Ml scwtys of golde, where of alle way ij of hem shalle be worthe an Englysche noble, or in stede of every scwte xxx grete blankys wyte, or xv grotys; of the whyche CCC Ml scwtys that one parte shalle be payde unto oure soverayne lorde the kynge, or unto hys deputys, whythe ynne the cytte of Roone be-fore sayde, the xxij day of thys present mony[th]e of Janyver, and the othyr halfe payde to oure sayde lorde or to hys deputys in the feste of Syn Mathie the Apostylle nexte to come, that shalle be the xxiij⁶³ day of Feverer, whythe owte any delay i-hadde, &c.⁶⁴

Alle so hyt ys accordyde that every subgett of oure sayde lorde the kynge that nowe ben or were presoners to any person in the sayde cytte or castelle, and hyr pleggys, shall be utterly fre as a-yens thes personnys, and the summys that they ar boundyn ynne, at the day of thys present trete and accorde.

Alle so hyt ys accordyde that alle and every soudyer and stranger beynge in the sayde citte and castelle shalle swere on the Evaungelys of God be-fore there departyng, that they shall not bere armys a-gayne oure sayde lorde the kynge or any of hys, unto the fyrste day of Janyver nexte to come, for no maner maundement [th]at to hem of any maner person in contrary may be done or ennyode.⁶⁵

Alle so hyt ys accordyde that alle and every jewelle, relykys, and othyr goodys longgyng to the abbaye of Synt Kateryne, whythe ynne the same cytte and castelle, beyng alle hoolly, shalle be delyveryd unto hym whom that the Kyng of Inglonde deputyn or ordeyn hem to ressayve aftyr the delyveraunce of the sayd cytte.

Alle so hyt ys accordyde that the fore sayde noble cyttezyns and othyr whythe in the sayde cytte and castelle beyng, shalle make the same cytte and castelle be-fore the sayde xix daye of this present monythe of Janyver suffycyantly and honestely to be made clene, and alle so honestly and diligently that alle the dede bodys newe dede or to ben dede in to that daye of delyveraunce of the cytte honestely and dylygently shalle ben beryd.

Alle soo hyt ys accordyd that the for sayde noble cyttezyns and alle beynge in the sayde citte and castelle anon shalle receyve⁶⁶ and don entre in to the same cytte and castelle alle and everyche beynge in the dychys⁶⁷ of the sayde cytte that for penurye⁶⁸ went owte of the same cytte whom⁶⁹ they shalle be holde to fede unto the xix day of Janyver above sayde, as they wylle answere unto Gode and the kyng; and owte takyn them they shalle not ressayve non othyr personnys in to the same cytte or castelle unto the forsayde day with owte specyalle lyssens of oure moste dowtfulle lorde the Kyng of Inglonde. But yf hit happe any massyngere or harowde of armys of the adversy party of the kynge to come to the partys of [th]e gatys or dychys of the sayde castelle and cytte . . .⁷⁰

Whiche⁷¹ artyculys and appoyntmentys, as hyt ys before sayde, alle and every chone in maner as hyt ys accordyd, the forsayde captaynys and the noble cyttezyns ande othyr whythe ynne the sayde castelle and citte being, welle and trewly whythe owte any fraude or malygny⁷² to holdyn ande observe and kepe they be-hote, ande thoo two be kepte and fullefyllyd they bynd them soo, but yf yt be falle oure sayde moste doughtefulle lorde the kynge, that God for bede, to ben ovyr come in the batayle to hym i-made by Charlys hys adversarye of Fraunce or the Duke of Burgayne, be-fore the for-sayde [xix]⁷³ day of thys present monythe of Janyver; for to sen⁷⁴ alle way that [if]⁷³ hyt be falle the forsayde Charlys adversary, othyr the Duke of Burgayne, or any othyr, to come to the sege of oure kynge to remoeve⁷⁵ fro the forsayde cytte, that nothyr the fore sayde captayne nor non of the cyttezyns, sowdyers, othyr othyr⁷⁶ beyng whythe ynne the for sayde cytte or castelle, shalle goo owte, nor noo maner helpe they shalle delyverye nor lene to hem, so azens oure lorde the kynges comyng in nomaner a wyse.

Alle so, that alle thes maner of poynttementysse, covenauntys, and accordys, and every poynte as hyt ys a fore sayde, welle and trewly and unbrokyn to be kepte; and for the more surete of the same covenauntys and accordys, the for sayde captayne, the noble cyttezyns, and othyr above sayde shalle ben takyn in thys tyme anone into the hondys of oure lorde the kynge iiij schore notable plegys, where of xxty shalle be knyghtys and squyers, ande the remenaunte cyttezyns of the same cytte, att hyr owne coste to be sustaynyd. For the party sothely of oure moste doutefulle lorde ande kynge a-fore sayde, gracyusly and benyngly consederynge the meke submyttynge and yeldynge of the sayde citte and castelle above sayde, he hathe grauntyde that alle and everye person of what a-state or degre that he be of condycyon with ynne the sayde castelle [and cite]⁷⁷ beyng, [excepte]⁷⁷ sartayne personys with ynne expressyde, that wylle be-come legys and subgetys to oure lorde the kynge, and fro hensforthe wylle dwelle undyr his obessauns, they shalle have there herytagys and goodys, mevablis and unmevablys, whythe ynne hys duche of Normandy constitute; and whiche that benne afore the day and date of thys present letters by oure fore sayde lorde the kynge to⁷⁸ othyr personys have nought be yovyn and grauntyde, excepte armours artyrlys a-bove sayd; makyng and doyng [for]⁷⁷ hyr herytagys, and for hyr unmevabylle goodys to oure for sayde lorde the kynge, the services⁷⁹ ther-of dewe and consuete, or to swere to whom suche maner of servyce of the graunte of oure lorde the kynge ought too long.

Alle so hyt ys agrauntyd of oure lorde the kynge ys be-halve, that alle the cyttezyns and dwellers of the cytte of Roone that nowe be, or in tyme to come shalle be, [and]⁸⁰ shall have alle ande every franches, lybertes, and prevelegys [th]e whiche of worthely mynde be progenys of oure lorde the kynge, of kyngys of Inglonde, dukys of Normandye, to hem and to hys sayde cytte were grauntyde, in possessyon where [of]⁸¹ they were the fyrste day that oure lorde the kynge a-fore sayde come by fore the sayde cytte; and alle so of more large grace of hys benyngnyte hathe grauntyde, that the same cyttezyns and dwellers of the citte shalle have alle the lyberteys, and franches, and prevelegys, where they were in pos sessyons on the fore sayde fyrste day of comynge of oure lorde the kynge before the cytte, of the graunte of hys progenytourys of kyngys of Fraunce that were before tyme of Phylyppe Valeys, adversarye of oure lorde [the kyng].⁸¹

[Also it is grauntid and accordid in our lord] the kyngys behalve, that alle the strangers, sowdyers, and othyr in the fore sayde citte and castelle, beynge at thys tyme nought wyllynge to be come leges of oure lorde the kyng, the for-sayde citte so yoldynne as hit ys before sayde, to departe, levynge to oure sayde lorde the kyng all hyr armowrys, hors, artylyrs, and othyr thyngys, harneysse, and goodys, excepte the Normandys that wylle nought be lyges of oure lorde the kynge, [th]at thoo alle shalle a-byde presoners of oure lorde the kyng.

Alle so hyt ys grauntyd in oure lorde the kynges behalve, that the werre and alle so schrewde speche that duryng the sege the folke and pepylle nemnyd, of what condycyon that they ben, ayens hys ryalle soveraynyte, or whythe defame lyppys have spoke, oure moste soverayne lorde the kyng, of strenyger the day of parte⁸² mekely shalle be forgevynne, owte take the personys that above in specyalle ben exceptyd.⁸³

Alle so hyt ys accordyd in oure lorde the kyngys be halve, that the for sayde soudyers and strongers be-fore thys presentt trete and accorde, wyllyng for to departynne, oure lorde the kyng shalle ordaynne and make a sykyr and saffe condyte in form consuete.

And so the fore sayde cytte was yoldyd to oure soverayne lord the kynge uppon Synt Wolstonys day.⁸⁴ And aftyr that he gatte many townys and castellys, as hyt shalle aftyr thys be wretyn alle the processe.

Note 53. Should be the 13th.

Note 54. Robert. Robesard, J.

Note 55. [these folowyng]. Omitted in MS.; supplied from J. Nevertheless it is clear there is a further omission, even in J.

Note 56. howre. The hof this word is struck out in all these places.

Note 57. See notee, p. 122.

Note 58. Omitted in MS.; supplied from J.

Note 59. So in MS. The first "othyr" seems to mean "or."

Note 60. This clause is repeated in the MS. with the variation, "non of the fore sayde cyttezyns or othyr."

Note 61. any. every, J.

Note 62. goodys. Evidently a transcriber's error for dedys. J. reads dede.

Note 63. xxiij. Should be 24th. See Rymer, ix. 665.

Note 64. Here several articles are omitted which may be seen in Rymer. They are given in the English in J.

Note 65. enjoined.

Note 66. receyve. resome, MS.; receyve, V.; receyven, J.

Note 67. or about diches, J.

Note 68. penurye. femurye, MS.; penurie, J. Vit. reads "fere."

Note 69. whom. whanne, MS.

Note 70. The conclusion of the sentence is omitted not only in our MS. but also in J. and V. In the Latin it is, "ipse in ipsa non recipietur, seu providebitur eidem per dominum nostrum Regem de salvo conductu."

Note 71. Whiche. The MS. has "with the" written as if it were the continuation of the previous sentence.

Note 72. malygny. malengyne, J.

Note 73. Omitted in MS.; supplied from J.

Note 74. for to sen, i. e. foreseen, provided.

Note 75. remoeve. remayne, MS., corrected from J.

Note 76. See page 123, notec.

Note 77. Omitted in MS.; supplied from J.

Note 78. to. and, MS.; corrected from J.

Note 79. services. sermoys, MS.

Note 80. This word is clearly superfluous.

Note 81. The end of this sentence and the beginning of the next are omitted in our MS., which runs on without a break from the word "lorde" to "the kyngys behalve' as if it were one sentence.

Note 82. of strenyger the day of parte. of steryng the day of pietie, J. These are strange corruptions. The Latin has ex instinctu Divinæ pietatis.

Note 83. They are mentioned in the preceding clause in the original treaty; but their names are omitted in the MS.

Note 84. 19th Jan.

Chronicle of Gregory 1420-1426. 03 Jun 1420. And thenne was the kyng (age 33) and Dame Katerynne (age 18) swryde to-gedyr. And on the morne aftyr was Trenyte Sonday, that was the iij day of June, the yere of oure Lorde M CCCC xx, in the chyrche of Troys [Map], the kyng spowsyd Dame Kateryne (age 18), Kyng Charlys doughter of Fraunce (age 51); and thenne he was made Regent of Fraunce, and the convencyons of the whiche acordyd folowynge here aftyr, that ys for to saye:

Harry (age 33), by the grace of God, Kyng of Inglond, hey re and Regent of Fraunce, and Lorde of Yrlonde, to perpetualle mynde to alle Crystyn pepylle, ande to alle that ben undyr owre obeysaunce, we notefy and declare that thoughe a here before dyvers tretes have ben be twyne the moste excellente Prynce Charlis (age 51), owre fadyr of Fraunce, and hys progenytours, for the pes to ben hadde be twyne ij realmys of Fraunce and of Inglonde, the whiche here by forne have borne no¹ frwte, we, consyderynge the grette harmys that have ben, not oonly by twyne ij realmys for the grette devysyon J>at hathe ben be-twyne hem, but to alle hooly Chyrche, we have take a trete whythe oure sayde fadyr and us, that for as moche as be the bonde of matrymonye, i-made for the goode of the pes be-twyne us and oure moste dyre modyr Isabelle (age 50) hys wyffe, the same Charlis and Isabelle ben made fadyr and modyr, and there fore take hem as for owre fadyr and modyr, we shalle have and worschippe as hyt syttythe and semythe so worthy a prynce and a pryncesse too ben i-worschippyde, pryncypally before alle othyr temporalle personys of the worlde.

Alle so we shalle nought dystroble, nor dyssesyn, nor lette oure sayde fadyr, but that he holde and procede² as longe as he levythe, and holdythe, ande he possedythe at thys tyme, the crowne and dygnyte of the ryalte of Fraunce, and rentys and profytys of the same, to the sustenaunce of hys estate and chargys of the realme of Fraunce, and owr modir al so holdyng as long as she levy the the estate and dygnyte of the quene, aftyr the maner of the same realme, whythe convenable and convenyante parte of the sayde rentys and profytys.

Alle so that the fore sayde Kateryne shalle take and have dwer in oure realme of Inglond, as [quenes of England]³ here a-forne were wonte to have and take, that ys for to saye, to the summa of xl M [40000] scwtys yerely, of the whyche⁴ ij [2] shalle be worthe a nobylle Englysche. Alle so the maners, weyis, and menys that we may, whythe owte transgressyon or ofFensys ofte⁵ i-made by us for to kepe the lawys, customys, usagys, and ryghtys of owre said realme⁶ of Inglonde, [we]⁷ shalle done owre labur and pursewe that the sayde Katerynne, alsone as hyt may be done and be made sure, for to take and for to have in owre sayde realme of Inglonde fro tyme of oure dethe, the sayde xl M [40000] scutys yerly, of the whyche twyne shalle alle way be worthe⁸ a nobylle of Englysche mony.

Note 1. borne no. These words are taken from J., and are a true rendering of the text of the original treaty (see Kymer, ix. 895). Our MS. reads, "have ben frwte/' following perhaps some other translation in which the word "without" has been omitted. Vit. reads, still more absurdly, "have ben frendes."

Note 2. procede. A transcriber's error for "possede," i.e. possess,,

Note 3. Omitted in MS.; supplied from J.

Note 4. of the whiche repeated, MS.

Note 5. ofte. We should certainly read, "of the oath;" but the words do not occur even in J.

Note 6. of owre sayde realme repeated in MS.

Note 7. Omitted in MS.

Note 8. worthe. with, MS.; corrected from J.

Polydore Vergil. 17 Aug 1424. 5. At this time Charles (age 21) was staying at Tours, and aware of this business from the start, did not appear to be much concerned. Rather, relying partly on the nature of the place, and partly on the strength of his followers, he only gathered sufficient forces to fight the enemy on equal terms. Therefore, when he had assembled a larger army, he sent Duke John of Alençon (age 15) to assist his subjects, and he ordered him not to shrink from a battle, should the situation require it. The Duke departed quickly, and before approaching the place he learned of the castle’s surrender, and then, obliged by necessity to change his route, he went to Verneuil and stormed it, killing a goodly part of the English garrison. And he was soon given this town, defended by great works, because he had long insisted it should be part of his domain. When this was reported to Bedford (age 35), with no hesitation he marched to Verneuil in battle array, and in the same way approached the enemy camp. For a very little while the French were terrified by their enemies’ approach, and debated what should be done. Almost all were of the opinion that they should wait in the camp until the enemy’s intention was clearer. For they were mindful of all the times they had previously been defeated whenever they engaged the English, and so were not unwilling to delay coming to blows. But when they saw the enemy battle-line drawing closer and closer, their spirits surged and, howling and chanting as was their habit, they took up arms and stationed themselves before the camp. The battle was begun with missiles, but they immediately abandoned these and came together, drawing their swords and running at each other with a great shout. They fought strenuously and continually, and on such even terms that one could not easily tell which way the battle was inclining, with many men falling on both sides. Their outcries were similar, as also the manner of their fighting. Wherever danger threatened the most. there they more earnestly strove to resist and repel, and so the fight dragged on for more than four hours, and the outcome was still uncertain. Meanwhile the Duke of Alençon (age 15) did not desist in both beseeching and exhorting his soldiers not to flag, nor to allow the enemy, now falling back, to conquer. And Bedford (age 35) himself also went around everywhere, exhorted, renewed the fight at every point. And when in the end he appreciated that the French were exhausted by their effort and heat (for it is the nature of the French, that they cannot tolerate the effort of a long battle, because for the sake of inspiring fear they expend more of their strength at the beginning of a fight, but cannot maintain it thereafter) and were pressing less than usual, then at length he attacked the enemy with might and main, and those who followed him assaulted with such an onslaught that they first budged the enemy from his place, and then drove them headlong. In that battle 5,000 Frenchmen died, together with Buchan (age 43) the Marshal of France and the Scotsman John Stuart (age 44), whom I have shown above to have come in aid of Charles, and more than ten French captains About 200 were captured, including Duke John of Alençon (age 15). On the English side 2,000 died, partly foot and partly horse. This defeat was suffered by the French in the year of human salvation 1424, the third year of Henry’s reign.