Religious Terms
Religious Terms is in English.
Culture, General Things, Dictionaries, English, Religious Terms, Alb
Alb. A full-length, long-sleeved, usually white linen tunic secured at the waist by a cord or belt called a cincture.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 07 May 1554. [The morrow after was a great mass at the same place, by the same fraternity, when every clerk offered a halfpenny. The mass was sung by divers of the queen's chapel and children. And, after mass done, every clerk went their procession two and two together, each having] a surples and a ryche cope, and a garland; [after them] iiijxx standards, stremars, and baners; and evere on that bare them had a nobe or elles a surples; and ij and ij together; [then came] the waytes playng, and then be-twyn xxx clarkes, a qwre syngyng Salve fasta dyes; so ther wher iiij qweres. [Then cam] a canepe borne by iiij of the masters of the Clarkes [over the] sacrament, with a xij stayff-torchys bornyng; [up sa]nt Laurans lane, and so to the farther end of Chep, then back a-gayn up Cornhylle, and so to Ledynhalle; and so down to Byshopegatt unto sant Albrowsse chyrche [Map]; and ther they dyd put off ther copes and so to dener evere man, and ther evere on that bare a stremar had monay, as they wher of bygnes ther.
Culture, General Things, Dictionaries, English, Religious Terms, Amice
Amice. A liturgical vestment. The amice consists of a white cloth connected to two long ribbon-like attachments by which it is fastened. The garment is draped over the shoulders with the ribbons crossed over the chest, brought around to the back, and then brought forward again to be tied in front around the waist. The results can vary from being tight around the neck to leaving a deep v-neck opening.
Culture, General Things, Dictionaries, English, Religious Terms, Apostolic Nuncio
An Apostolic Nuncio is generally equivalent in rank to that of ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary, although in Catholic countries the nuncio often ranks above ambassadors in diplomatic protocol.
Vatican Regesta Vol. DCLXXXV Secretarum Tomus IV 2 Innocent VIII. 10 Kal. Aug. Decree, at the petition of king Henry (age 29) and queen Elizabeth (age 20), that a notarial copy of the process before James, bishop of Imola, Apostolic Nuncio with the power of a legate de latere, in regard to the dispensation granted by him to them to contract marriage, notwithstanding the impediment arising from their being related in the double fourth degree of kindred, shall have the same credence as the original letters of the said bishop. The Pope (age 54) exemplifies the said letters and process as follows:
Public instrument, setting forth that in the year of the Incarnation 1486, after the computation of the English church, the 4th indiction, anno 2 Innocent VIII [16 Jan 1486], in the chapel of St. Mary [the Virgin] on the east side of the cathedral church of St. Paul, London [Map], before James, bishop of Imola, apostolic legate to England and Scotland, in presence of the below-written notaries public, appointed by the said bishop as scribes in the below-written matter of dispensation, and witnesses below-named, there appeared in person Master Robert Morton (age 51), Archdeacon of Winchester, and John de Giglis, I.U.D., as proctors of king Henry (age 29), and Richard Hill, dean of the chapel of the household of the said king, and David William, doctor of decrees, dean of St. Mary's Arches, London, as proctors of the lady Elizabeth (age 20), eldest daughter of the late king Edward IV, who produced their mandates of procuration and presented to the said legate a schedule of petition on behalf of the said king and lady, praying him to dispense them to marry, notwithstanding the impediment of their relationship in the fourth and fourth degrees of kindred, as was specified by the said Master Robert Morton (age 51).
The said instrument exemplifies the said procurations and schedule, as follows:
(i) A public instrument, setting forth that in the year of the Incarnation, etc., 1486, the 4th indiction, anno 2 Innocent VIII, January 14, in a certain great chamber within the palace royal at Westminster, before Thomas, archbishop of York (age 62) and legate of the apostolic see, John, bishop of Worcester (age 56), chancellor of England, and Jasper duke of Bedford (age 54), and many other nobles and magnates, in the presence of me, Richard Spencer, notary public below-written, the said king (age 29), present in person, appointed Masters John de Giglis, I.U.D., and Robert Morton (age 51), master or keeper of the rolls of the chancery of the said king, as his proctors to appear before the said bishop and legate (who, as is said, has faculty from the apostolic see to dispense a certain number of persons related in the fourth and fourth degrees of kindred and affinity to contract marriage), and to request him to exhibit, etc., the said letters, and execute them in accordance with the desire of the said king, etc. Of all which things, done on the above date and in the above place, in the presence of the above-named witnesses and of Richard Spencer, clerk, of the diocese of Lincoln, notary public by apostolic and imperial authorities, registrar-principal of the court of Canterbury, and keeper of the registers of the same court, the said notary has made the present public instrument, and, being otherwise engaged, has caused it to be written by another, and has published and drawn it up in this public form, and has signed it with his wonted sign and name;.
(ii) A like public instrument, setting forth that on the same date as in the preceding, and in a certain chamber within the royal palace of Westminster, before John, bishop of Worcester, chancellor of England (age 56), John lord de Wellys (age 36), Master William Smyth, dean of the chapel royal of Wymbourn in the diocese of Salisbury, and other witnesses, in the presence of the above notary, Richard Spencer, the above lady Elizabeth (age 20), present in person, appointed Masters Richard Hill, dean of the chapel of the king's household, and David William, doctor of decrees, dean of St. Mary's Arches, London, and commissary-general of the official of the court of Canterbury and president of the said court, in the absence of the said official, as her proctors to appear, etc., as in the preceding. Of all which things, done on the above date and in the above place, in the presence of the abovenamed witnesses and of … Richard Spencer, clerk, etc., as above, the said notary has made, written, subscribed, published, and drawn up in this public form the present public instrument, and has signed it with his wonted sign and name;.
(iii) The petition to James, bishop of Imola, apostolic legate to England and Scotland, on behalf of the most serene prince and lord, the lord Henry (age 29), by the grace of God king of England and France and lord of Ireland, of the one part, and of the most illustrious (clarissime) lady, the lady Elizabeth (age 20), eldest legitimate and natural daughter of the late Edward, sometime king of England and France and lord of Ireland, of the other part, setting forth that whereas the said king Henry has by God's providence won his realm of England, and is in peaceful possession thereof, and has been asked by all the lords of his realm, both spiritual and temporal, and also by the general council of the said realm, called Parliament, to take the said lady Elizabeth to wife, he, wishing to accede to the just petitions of his subjects, desires to take the said lady to wife, but cannot do so without dispensation, inasmuch as they are related in the fourth and fourth degrees of kindred, wherefore petition is made on their behalf to the said legate to grant them dispensation by his apostolic authority to contract marriage and remain therein, notwithstanding the said impediment of kindred, and to decree the offspring to be born thereof legitimate.
Culture, General Things, Dictionaries, English, Religious Terms, Cathedra
Cathedra. The Bishop's throne from which Cathedral being the seat of the Bishop.
After 1381. Durham Cathedral [Map]. Monument to Bishop Thomas of Hatfield (age 71) beneath the Bishop's cathedra.
Culture, General Things, Dictionaries, English, Religious Terms, Chancel
Chancel. The part of a church near the altar, reserved for the clergy and choir, and typically separated from the nave by steps or a screen. Chancels were often under the jurisdiction of the local Lord hence chancel's containing large number of monuments.
Chancel of St Andrew's Church, Wimpole [Map].
Culture, General Things, Dictionaries, English, Religious Terms, Eucharist
Eucharist. The Christian service, ceremony, or sacrament commemorating the Last Supper, in which bread and wine are consecrated and consumed.
Culture, General Things, Dictionaries, English, Religious Terms, Festum Loci
Festum Loci. The Feast of the Title of a Church. To be more precise, the feast of the local saint whose relics were enshrined in the church. At Salisbury the cathedral is dedicated to St. Mary, but the feast of the place is St. Osmund (from 1457).
Wriothesley's Chronicle 18 Aug 1554. 18 Aug 1554. Saterdaye the 18 of August, in the after-noone, the King (age 27) and Queenes (age 38) Majesties rode throughe Sowthwerke, over the bridge [Map], and so throughe London; where they were with great provision receaved of the citizens, pageants in places accustomed, the crosse in Cheape [Map] new gilte, &c.
Memorandum: In the moneth of September the Duke of Norfolke (age 81) died at Framlingham [Map] in Norfolke, and there was honorablye buried [Map] amongst his auncestors.
Allso this moneth the Bishop of London (age 54) visited all his dioces, and had sermons in everie parishe and place where he satt, and sett owt divers goodlye articles in print for the true religion.
Allso he commaunded that the feast of everie saynte that was patrone of the churche, called Festum loci in everie parishe, should be kept holiedaye in everie parishe throughe his diocesse as a principall feast used in olde tyme, after the custome of the churche.
Culture, General Things, Dictionaries, English, Religious Terms, Gehenna
Gehenna. The Valley of Hinnom. In Judaism, the term Gehinnom is used for the realm in which the wicked expiate their sins.
Archaeologia Volume 29 Section X. Edward took possession of the throne of England on the fourth day of March, 1461b. From MS. Arundel, No. 5, in the College of Arms, we have the following minute account of his proceedings during the first days of that month. On the second of March he proclaimed, throughout London, the articles concerning his claim to the crown of England; on the third, he read them before his parliament; on the fourth, there was a general procession solemnly made through London, and the bishop of Exeter preached the same day at St. Paul's a sermon, in which he advocated the right of Edward's succession. This sermon I discovered in one of the Cottonian manuscripts, wholly unnoticed in the Catalogues, and I have now the pleasure of placing it before the notice of the Society:—
[MS. Bib. Cotton. Vespas. E. vit. fol. 18, v°.]
"In the name of God and of oure Ladi and alle the good compony of Heven, every trewe Cristen man of God be ye now feithfulle and trewe, and be wise and welle ware houghe and what oppynyons that ye holde: for alle thinges good trewe and rightfulle commethe of God and of his warkes that are feithfulle, quia ipse est solus Deus et veritas. Thanne lett us applye oure willes with oure werkes to Godis wille oure maker uppon peyne of everlastyng dampnacione, and also latt us beware of the fals suttilte of the devyle and of his fals blynde warkes, with the whiche he disseyvythe many a man and woman, bothe in body and soule, be his innumerabile disseites and wronges with fals covetous oppinions that nowe regnythe in moche wikked people in theire worldly joyes, whiche schal perishe, omnia transibunt et gaudia vana peribunt. Forsothe aungels of hevene, and alle erthelye creatures, nor alle the fendis of helle knowe nat ne canne not telle the wille ne prevites of Gode, nowther oure nor tyme of suche thingges as longges to Goddis prevey powere, non est vestrum noscere tempora, &c. sed accipietis virtutem spiritus sancti in vos supervenientis. For that we have no knowleche of the privitees of Gode, therfor the Holy Gost hathe schewyd be his inspiracioun in his blyssed servauntes and holy seintes unto us that is moste nedefulle and medefulle for us, as seithe in scripture, spiritus ubi vult spirat [The Spirit blows where it wills]. Thanne no man schuld not presume the contrari to lett ne refuse the vertu of inspiracioun of the Holy Gost be many holy seintes ordeined, prophecied to geve us warnyng, understonding, and knowleche for our wele bothe of body and soule, and to eschewe the grete vengeaunce that schalle falle for synful wronges done in olde tyme be disenherityng of kyngis, princis, and lordis of nobile progeny in many divers kyngdomes; alle this may be understond and knowyn to every vertuose and welle disposede man that wille inclyne to Goddis wille and his lawe, as may be proved be gode communicacioun, but many there benne, quod nolunt intelligere, ut bene agerent. And another wille dispisene alle suche propheciis, and sett hem at nought, Paulus dicit, "Spiritum nolite extinguere, prophetias nolite spernere; omnia autem probate; quod bonum est tenete; ab omni specie mala abstinete vos." [Do not quench the spirit, Do not reject the prophecies; but prove all things; hold on to what is good; Abstain yourselves from every kind of evil.] Thus ye may discerne good frome evylle, and righte fro wronge, and evere beware fro wronge and fie evele, guoniam in malivolam animam non introibit sapientia [wisdom will not enter into a malevolent soul]. Now tak hede every man hough righte for syne be wrong was pat oute, anno 689. And now ageine wronge for syne be ryghte is flemed oute of the londe for evere, anno 1460. Thus it is knowen and proved of oure Lord be revelacioun in oure Lady aungelle Sibelle, quene of the Southe, a doughter of Seint Germaine, Seint Edwarde, [Seint...... three words are erased] Birgitt, Bede, Gildas, Ricardus Scrope, and many moo, &c.—Mirabilis Deus in sanctis suis. Now understond welle every man, houghe and in whome alle theis forsaide concludene and acordyne alle in one rightefully be inspiracioun of the Holy Gost. This schulde be opynned to every good man's knowleche, Nolite timere eos, qui occidunt corpus, animam autem non possunt occidere; sed pocius eum timere qui potest et animam et corpus perdere in Jehennam [Don't be afraid of them, who kill the body, they cannot kill the soul; but it is better to fear him who can and to perish both soul and body in Gehenna]. Therfor geve credens to alle theis before rehersede, houghe be inspiracioun have establysshede to us the verey trwe and feithfulle righte of olde tyme in diverse reames long tyme wrongfully kepte out, and was out of mynde, that nowe is founden in many olde written bokes mervolusly declared. Be home alle suche people as have be blynde and evele disposed to God and right, yit maye make provision to amende hemselfe ageyns God and right for there welfares and the salvacioun of theire owne soules; and to eschewe suche dredfull mischeves as have bene and schalle be universalle, for grete abhominabile synnes incustumed that regnythe in the people, wherefore Gode takethe vengeance dailé,—
Ante Dei vultum [Before the face of God]
Nihil unquam transit inultum. [Nothing ever goes unsaid.]
Nemo Dei cultum [No one worships God]
Presumat dicere stultum. [He presumes to say a fool]
Quæ peccata latent, [What sins are hidden]
Ignoto tempore patent. [They are open at an unknown time]
Note b. I may remark that, although Edward virtually began his reign some days previously, yet Henry's government did not end, nor Edward's commence, until the 4th of March, and this date is universally adopted in every contemporary document. Another MS. says, that "' he went to Westmynster and resseyved his septre and toke his charge on the Wednysday, the iiij. day of Marche."—MS. Rot. Harl. C. 8, membr. ult.
Thus better it is to geve credens to Goddes lefule warkes than to oure worldely joyes, sinfule and wikked selfewillede and blynde oppinions, that nowe is cause dayle of oure troublis and mischevoues undoyng suddeynlé be the dredefule vengeaunce of Gode, guia opus Domini non respicitis, nec opera manuum ejus consideratis."
Culture, General Things, Dictionaries, English, Religious Terms, Legate de Latere
A Legate de Latere is the highest rank of Papal Legate literally meaning 'on the Pope's side'.De Latere.
Vatican Regesta Vol. DCLXXXV Secretarum Tomus IV 2 Innocent VIII. 10 Kal. Aug. Decree, at the petition of king Henry (age 29) and queen Elizabeth (age 20), that a notarial copy of the process before James, bishop of Imola, Apostolic Nuncio with the power of a legate de latere, in regard to the dispensation granted by him to them to contract marriage, notwithstanding the impediment arising from their being related in the double fourth degree of kindred, shall have the same credence as the original letters of the said bishop. The Pope (age 54) exemplifies the said letters and process as follows:
Public instrument, setting forth that in the year of the Incarnation 1486, after the computation of the English church, the 4th indiction, anno 2 Innocent VIII [16 Jan 1486], in the chapel of St. Mary [the Virgin] on the east side of the cathedral church of St. Paul, London [Map], before James, bishop of Imola, apostolic legate to England and Scotland, in presence of the below-written notaries public, appointed by the said bishop as scribes in the below-written matter of dispensation, and witnesses below-named, there appeared in person Master Robert Morton (age 51), Archdeacon of Winchester, and John de Giglis, I.U.D., as proctors of king Henry (age 29), and Richard Hill, dean of the chapel of the household of the said king, and David William, doctor of decrees, dean of St. Mary's Arches, London, as proctors of the lady Elizabeth (age 20), eldest daughter of the late king Edward IV, who produced their mandates of procuration and presented to the said legate a schedule of petition on behalf of the said king and lady, praying him to dispense them to marry, notwithstanding the impediment of their relationship in the fourth and fourth degrees of kindred, as was specified by the said Master Robert Morton (age 51).
The said instrument exemplifies the said procurations and schedule, as follows:
(i) A public instrument, setting forth that in the year of the Incarnation, etc., 1486, the 4th indiction, anno 2 Innocent VIII, January 14, in a certain great chamber within the palace royal at Westminster, before Thomas, archbishop of York (age 62) and legate of the apostolic see, John, bishop of Worcester (age 56), chancellor of England, and Jasper duke of Bedford (age 54), and many other nobles and magnates, in the presence of me, Richard Spencer, notary public below-written, the said king (age 29), present in person, appointed Masters John de Giglis, I.U.D., and Robert Morton (age 51), master or keeper of the rolls of the chancery of the said king, as his proctors to appear before the said bishop and legate (who, as is said, has faculty from the apostolic see to dispense a certain number of persons related in the fourth and fourth degrees of kindred and affinity to contract marriage), and to request him to exhibit, etc., the said letters, and execute them in accordance with the desire of the said king, etc. Of all which things, done on the above date and in the above place, in the presence of the above-named witnesses and of Richard Spencer, clerk, of the diocese of Lincoln, notary public by apostolic and imperial authorities, registrar-principal of the court of Canterbury, and keeper of the registers of the same court, the said notary has made the present public instrument, and, being otherwise engaged, has caused it to be written by another, and has published and drawn it up in this public form, and has signed it with his wonted sign and name;.
(ii) A like public instrument, setting forth that on the same date as in the preceding, and in a certain chamber within the royal palace of Westminster, before John, bishop of Worcester, chancellor of England (age 56), John lord de Wellys (age 36), Master William Smyth, dean of the chapel royal of Wymbourn in the diocese of Salisbury, and other witnesses, in the presence of the above notary, Richard Spencer, the above lady Elizabeth (age 20), present in person, appointed Masters Richard Hill, dean of the chapel of the king's household, and David William, doctor of decrees, dean of St. Mary's Arches, London, and commissary-general of the official of the court of Canterbury and president of the said court, in the absence of the said official, as her proctors to appear, etc., as in the preceding. Of all which things, done on the above date and in the above place, in the presence of the abovenamed witnesses and of … Richard Spencer, clerk, etc., as above, the said notary has made, written, subscribed, published, and drawn up in this public form the present public instrument, and has signed it with his wonted sign and name;.
(iii) The petition to James, bishop of Imola, apostolic legate to England and Scotland, on behalf of the most serene prince and lord, the lord Henry (age 29), by the grace of God king of England and France and lord of Ireland, of the one part, and of the most illustrious (clarissime) lady, the lady Elizabeth (age 20), eldest legitimate and natural daughter of the late Edward, sometime king of England and France and lord of Ireland, of the other part, setting forth that whereas the said king Henry has by God's providence won his realm of England, and is in peaceful possession thereof, and has been asked by all the lords of his realm, both spiritual and temporal, and also by the general council of the said realm, called Parliament, to take the said lady Elizabeth to wife, he, wishing to accede to the just petitions of his subjects, desires to take the said lady to wife, but cannot do so without dispensation, inasmuch as they are related in the fourth and fourth degrees of kindred, wherefore petition is made on their behalf to the said legate to grant them dispensation by his apostolic authority to contract marriage and remain therein, notwithstanding the said impediment of kindred, and to decree the offspring to be born thereof legitimate.
Culture, General Things, Dictionaries, English, Religious Terms, Narthex
Narthex. The entrance to a church, at the west end, traditionally not considered part of the church building.
Culture, General Things, Dictionaries, English, Religious Terms, Nave
Nave. The central part of a church building, intended to accommodate most of the congregation. Perhaps from 'nav' meaning boat since naves appear like an upturned boat, or may have originally been upturned boats.
Culture, General Things, Dictionaries, English, Religious Terms, Papal Legate
A Papal Legate (see legate) is a personal representative of the Pope to foreign nations.
Before 28 Oct 1216 Cardinal Guala Bicchieri (age 66) was appointed Papal Legate.
A Legate de Latere is the highest rank of Papal Legate literally meaning 'on the Pope's side'.De Latere.
Culture, General Things, Dictionaries, English, Religious Terms, Pontificalibus
Pontificalibus. The attire or vestments of one's office.
Wriothesley's Chronicle 1547. The 29th daie of June there was a solempne obsequie kept in Poules [Map] [for] the French Kinge Frances latelie departed, where was a sumptuous herse made, and the quire and the bodie of the church hanged with blacke and sett with schuchions of the armes of France, and tow hundreth torch bearers having new blacke gownes and hoodes with badges of the armes of France on their sholders, the Archbishop of Canterbery (age 57) begining the derige in his pontificalibus, the Archbishop of Yorke (age 65) and other 8 bishopps and suffragans being also in their pontificalibus, six erles and lordes of the Kinges Majestie being the cheife mourners, the Emperours Embassadour, and the French Kinges Embassadoure, and the Secretarie of Venice in their blacke mourning gownes being also there present at the same, the major and aldermen with tow hundred citizens in their best lyveries with their hoodes on their sholders present at the same also; and on the morrow also at the requiem masse, which the Archbishopp of Canterberie (age 57) songe in his pontificalibus, with the other bishopps in their pontificalibus also; and there preached at the said masse the Bishop of Rochester (age 70) [Note. Possibly Bishop Nicholas Ridley (age 47) who became Bishop of Rochester in 1547], who greatlie commended in his sermon the said French King departed, for setting fourth of the Bible and New Testament in the French tonge to be reade of all his subjectes; also all the parish churches in London kept a solempne obett with knill, the bells ringing, and a herse with tow great tapers, in everie parish church.
Culture, General Things, Dictionaries, English, Religious Terms, Rood
Rood. A crucifix, especially one positioned above the rood screen of a church or on a beam over the entrance to the chancel.
Culture, General Things, Dictionaries, English, Religious Terms, Rood Screen
Rood Screen. A screen, typically of richly carved wood or stone, separating the nave from the chancel of a church. Rood screens are found throughout western Europe and date chiefly from the 14th-16th centuries.
Culture, General Things, Dictionaries, English, Religious Terms, Salve Festa Dies
Salve Festa Dies. Also known as the Easter Song Salve Festa Dies was sung during the procession before Easter Sunday Mass. The song starts with the words "Salve festa dies" aka "Hello festive day".
Henry Machyn's Diary. 07 May 1554. [The morrow after was a great mass at the same place, by the same fraternity, when every clerk offered a halfpenny. The mass was sung by divers of the queen's chapel and children. And, after mass done, every clerk went their procession two and two together, each having] a surples and a ryche cope, and a garland; [after them] iiijxx standards, stremars, and baners; and evere on that bare them had a nobe or elles a surples; and ij and ij together; [then came] the waytes playng, and then be-twyn xxx clarkes, a qwre syngyng Salve fasta dyes; so ther wher iiij qweres. [Then cam] a canepe borne by iiij of the masters of the Clarkes [over the] sacrament, with a xij stayff-torchys bornyng; [up sa]nt Laurans lane, and so to the farther end of Chep, then back a-gayn up Cornhylle, and so to Ledynhalle; and so down to Byshopegatt unto sant Albrowsse chyrche [Map]; and ther they dyd put off ther copes and so to dener evere man, and ther evere on that bare a stremar had monay, as they wher of bygnes ther.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 25 Jan 1555. [The xxv day of January, being saint Paul's day, was a general procession of saint Paul by every parish, both priests and clarkes, in copes to the number of a hundred and sixty, singing Salve festa dies, with ninety crosses borne. The procession was through Cheap into Leadenhall. And before went the] chyldryn of the Gray-frers and Powlles skolle. [There were eight bishops, and the] bysshope of London myteryd, bayryng the sacre[ment, with .. eym] of torchys bornyng, and a canepe borne [over]; so a-bowtt the chyrch-yerde, and in at the west dore, [with the] lord mayre and the althermen, and all the craftes in ther best leverays. And with-in a wylle after the Kyng (age 27) cam, and my lord cardenall (age 54), and the prynsse of Pyamon (age 26), and dyvers lordes and knyghtes; thay hard masse, and after to the court to dener, and at nyght bone-fyres and grett ryngyng in evere [church].
Culture, General Things, Dictionaries, English, Religious Terms, Surplice
Surplice. A loose white linen vestment varying from hip-length to calf-length, worn over a cassock by clergy and choristers at Christian church services.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 07 May 1554. [The morrow after was a great mass at the same place, by the same fraternity, when every clerk offered a halfpenny. The mass was sung by divers of the queen's chapel and children. And, after mass done, every clerk went their procession two and two together, each having] a surples and a ryche cope, and a garland; [after them] iiijxx standards, stremars, and baners; and evere on that bare them had a nobe or elles a surples; and ij and ij together; [then came] the waytes playng, and then be-twyn xxx clarkes, a qwre syngyng Salve fasta dyes; so ther wher iiij qweres. [Then cam] a canepe borne by iiij of the masters of the Clarkes [over the] sacrament, with a xij stayff-torchys bornyng; [up sa]nt Laurans lane, and so to the farther end of Chep, then back a-gayn up Cornhylle, and so to Ledynhalle; and so down to Byshopegatt unto sant Albrowsse chyrche [Map]; and ther they dyd put off ther copes and so to dener evere man, and ther evere on that bare a stremar had monay, as they wher of bygnes ther.
Culture, General Things, Dictionaries, English, Religious Terms, Te Deum
Te Deum, or from its incipit, Te Deum Laudamus aka We Praise You Oh God.
Wriothesley's Chronicle 1520-1529. 09 Mar 1525. This yeare, the 9th day of Marche,c tidinges were brought to the Kinge (age 33) that Francis (age 30), the French King, was taken prisoner before the cittie Pavie, in Italie, by the Duke of Burbon (age 35), capteyn of the Emperoures (age 25) hoste,d and 14,000 French men slayne at the same feild.
And the Archbishop of Yorke (age 52), cardinall and legatt de latere, songe masse the same tyme in Paules churche [Map], in his "pontificalibus,"e and 11 bishopps and abbotts, with their miters, beinge present, the Duke of Northfolke (age 52) and the Duke of Suffolke (age 41), with all the nobles of the realme. And the saide Cardinall (age 52) grawnted the same to all manner of persons, beinge within the precinct of the churche in the tyme of the masse, plenary remission of their synnes, à pœná et culpá; and, after masse, Te Deum was sunge for the sayde victorie,a the Major,b Aldermen, with the head craftes of the cittie standinge in the bodie of the churche in theyr liveries; and that night great fiers were made in divers places of the cittie, with vessells of wyne at everie fier for the people to drincke.
Note c. Francis I was made prisoner on the 24th February.
Note d. Charles Duke of Bourbon (age 35), Constable of France, being persecuted by Francis I for refusing to marry Louisa of Savoy (age 48), the French King's (age 30) mother, sought the protection of the Emperor Charles V (age 25) by whom he was appointed his lieutenant in Italy.
Note e. After Wolsey (age 52) had been invested by Pope Leo X with the sole legatine power in England, he was wont to say mass on state occasions after the manner of the Pope himself.
Note a. The victory gained by the Imperialists over the French before Pavia so changed the aspect of affairs on the continent that Henry at first entertained a project forinvading France, and asserting his claim to that crown.
Note b. Sir John Allen.
Wriothesley's Chronicle 1530-1539. 07 Sep 1533. Memorandum, the viith daie of September, 1533, being Sonndaie, Queene Anne (age 32) was brought to bedd of a faire daughterc at three of the clocke in the after noune;d and the morrowe after, being the daie of the Nativitie of Our Ladie, Te Deum was songe solempnlie at Powles, the Major and Aldermen being present, with the head craftes of the Cittie of London.
Note c. The Princess Elizabeth, afterwards Queen of England.
Note d. Between three and four of the clock at afternoon. — Stow, p. 569.
Culture, General Things, Dictionaries, English, Religious Terms, Viaticum
Viaticum. The Eucharist as given to a person near or in danger of death.
Bede. 704 to 709. How another in like manner being at the point of death saw the place of punishment appointed for him in Hell.
I myself knew a brother, would to God I had not known him, whose name I could mention if it were of any avail, dwelling in a famous monastery, but himself living infamously. He was oftentimes rebuked by the brethren and elders of the place, and admonished to be converted to a more chastened life; and though he would not give ear to them, they bore with him long and patiently, on account of their need of his outward service, for he was a cunning artificer. But he was much given to drunkenness, and other pleasures of a careless life, and more used to stop in his workshop day and night, than to go to church to sing and pray and hear the Word of life with the brethren. For which reason it befell him according to the saying, that he who will not willingly humble himself and enter the gate of the church must needs be led against his will into the gate of Hell, being damned. For he falling sick, and being brought to extremity, called the brethren, and with much lamentation, like one damned, began to tell them, that he saw Hell opened, and Satan sunk in the depths thereof; and Caiaphas, with the others that slew our Lord, hard by him, delivered up to avenging flames. "In whose neighbourhood," said he, "I see a place of eternal perdition prepared for me, miserable wretch that I am." The brothers, hearing these words, began diligently to exhort him, that he should repent even then, whilst he was still in the flesh. He answered in despair, "There is no time for me now to change my course of life, when I have myself seen my judgement passed.".
Whilst uttering these words, he died without having received the saving Viaticum, and his body was buried in the farthest parts of the monastery, nor did any one dare either to say Masses or sing psalms, or even to pray for him. Oh how far asunder hath God put light from darkness! The blessed Stephen, the first martyr, being about to suffer death for the truth, saw the heavens opened, and the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God; and where he was to be after death, there he fixed the eyes of his mind, that he might die the more joyfully. But this workman, of darkened mind and life, when death was at hand, saw Hell opened, and witnessed the damnation of the Devil and his followers; he saw also, unhappy wretch! his own prison among them, to the end that, despairing of salvation, he might himself die the more miserably, but might by his perdition afford cause of salvation to the living who should hear of it. This befell of late in the province of the Bernicians, and being noised abroad far and near, inclined many to do penance for their sins without delay. Would to God that this also might come to pass through the reading of our words!
Chronica Majora. "Whilst the mutability of time was thus sporting with and deluding the world with its variable occurrences, Earl Gilbert, marshal (age 44), had, with some other nobles, arranged a sort of tilting-match, called by some adventure," but wliich might rather be called a "misadventure;" they tried their strength about a crossbow-shot from Hertford [Map]; where he by his skill in knightly tactics, gained for himself the praise of military science, and was declared by all, considering his small size of body, to have justly distinguished himself for his valour. This was what the said earl chiefly aimed at; for he was, in the first place, destined to clerical orders, and was reported to be weak and unskilful in warlike exercises. He was, at this tournament, mounted on a noble horse, an Italian charger, to which he was not accustomed, accoutred in handsome armour, and surrounded by a dense body of soldiers, who soon afterwards, however, left him, and dispersed, intent on gain. Whilst the earl, then, was amusing himself by checking his horse at full speed, and anon goring his sides with his sharp spurs, to urge him to greater speed, and, as the case required, suddenly drew rein, both the reins suddenly broke off at the junction with the bit. By this accident the horse became unmanageable, and tossing up his head, struck his rider a violent blow on the breast. Some there were who imhesitatingly asserted that the bridle had been treacherously cut by some jealous person, in order that, being thus left at the mercy of his horse, he might be dashed to pieces and killed; or, at least, that he might be taken by his adversaries at will. Moreover, he had dined, and was nearly blinded by the heat, dust, and sweat, and his head was oppressed by the weight of his heavy helmet. His horse, too, could not be restrained by him, or any one else; but he, at the same time, fainted away, began to totter in his saddle, and soon after fell, half-dead, from his horse-with one foot, however, fixed in the stirrup; and in this manner he was dragged some distance over the field, by which he suffered some internal injuries, which caused his death. He expired in the evening of the 27th of June, amidst the deep and loudly-expressed sorrow of those who beheld him, at a house [Map] of the monks of Hertford. When he was about to breathe his last, having just received the viaticum, he made a bequest to the church of the blessed Virgin at Hertford, for the redemption of his soul. His body was afterwards opened, when his liver was discovered to be black and broken, from the force of the blows he had received. His entrails were buried in the said church, before the altar of St. Mary, to whom he had committed his spirit when dying. On the following day, his body-preceded by his brother (age 42), and accompanied by the whole of his family - was carried to London, to be buried [Map] near his father. At this same tournament, also, was killed one of the earl's retinue, named Robert de Saye, and his bowels were buried with those of the earl. Many other knights and men-at-arms were also wounded and seriously injured with maces, at this same tournament, because the jealousy of many of the parties concerned had converted the sport into a battle. The affairs of the cross and the interests of the Holy Land suffered great loss by the death of the said earl, for he had intended to set out for Jerusalem in the next month, without fail, having collected money from all in the country who had assumed the cross; for permission to do which, he had paid two hundred marks to the pope; following the prudent example of Earl Richard (age 32).
