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Tudor Books, Chronicle of Calais

Chronicle of Calais is in Tudor Books.

1532 Henry VIII and Francis I meet at Calais

1536 Execution of Anne Boleyn

The Chronicle Of Calais, in the Reigns Of Henry VII. And Henry VIII. To The Year 1540. Edited From MSS. In The British Museum, By John Gough Nichols, F.S.A. London: Printed For The Camden Society, By J. B. Nichols And Son, 25, Parliament Street. 1846.

Tudor Books, Chronicle of Calais, Preface

The present Volume owes its existence to the casual discovery, among the transcripts by Stowe in the British Museum1, of the Chronicle of Calais, formed, or at least once possessed, by Richard Turpyn, a " burgess there." This appeared to be a fragment which, in a brief compass, contained so much historical information previously unpublished, that I was desirous to recommend it to the patronage of the Camden Society, a suggestion which at once received the approval of the Council.

As it was found, on a further search, that the manuscript stores of the British Museum contained many other papers illustrative of the events commemorated in Turpyn's chronicle, equally unpublished, it was then determined to extend its somewhat scanty dimensions by appending such documents as might contribute to elucidate the history of the town and marches of Calais, during the same period.

Much less has been hitherto published on the history of our continental Borders than on the history of our Borders next Scotland; although the latter retained their frontier state not quite half a century later than the former. Indeed, with the exception of a brief memoir in the second series of Sir Henry Ellis's Original Letters, the present Editor is not aware of any historical notice of Calais whilst in the possession of the English. It is, therefore, with some confidence as well in the importance as in the novelty of the subject, that he presents this volume to the members of the Camden Society.

At the same time he is fully conscious that a collection of this extent can comprise but a small portion of what should constitute a complete History of the English Border towards France: a work more suited to occupy several future volumes of the Royal publication of State Papers, — the continuation of which, in the substantial and accurate form so well commenced (with reference to the affairs of Cardinal Wolsey's administration, those of Scotland, and those of Ireland), must be desired by every student of English History.

In forming the present series of papers, the Editor soon found that it was necessary to assign several boundarymarks within which it should be confined. It would have been easy to have filled several such volumes with the contemporary letters of ambassadors and other persons employed either in a diplomatic or military capacity in France. The documents which have been admitted will be found to apply either to the same occurrences which are noticed in Turpyn's Chronicle, or immediately to the history of Calais, and both, with a few supplementary papers of the latter kind, within the period to which the chronicle itself belongs.

It is remarkable that Turpyn's Chronicle extends to the same year, in which the existing register of the Privy Council for the reign of Henry VIII. commences2, and from that source the subsequent administration of Calais may be traced with some minuteness, and dates assigned to other existing documents with far less difficulty than the Editor has experienced in the present work.

In like manner, considerable materials for the earlier history of Calais may be gleaned from the Rolls of Parliament3, which terminate in the year 1503. Thus the collection made in these pages furnishes the memorials of a period hitherto less provided than others.

During the seventeen years which elapsed between the year 1540 and the final loss of Calais by the English, there are large materials for its history in the papers of George lord Cobham, who was deputy of the town and marches from 1544 to 1550, and which exist among the Harleian MSS4. The papers of one of his predecessors, lord Lisle, which were seized in 1540, form nineteen volumes, which are preserved in the State Paper Office5, whilst a few of them are scattered in the volumes of Cottonian MSS.

There is one year of the period included in the present collection^ namely that of King Henry's campaign to Therouenne and Tournay, the documents respecting which have been altogether reserved. This course was adopted, at once to keep the volume within its proposed limits, and also in consequence of the existence of two contemporary journals of the events of that campaign, which it was thought might hereafter be available for a volume correspondent to the present.

A single exception has been made, in favour of a document of a very remarkable character, belonging indeed rather to private than public history, but the private history of some of the most important personages of their day. To this has been applied the title of " secret history of Margaret, duchess of Savoy, and Charles Brandon, duke of Suffolk;" for secret it was at the time, and secret it has remained, until its present development6.

Note 1. MS. Harl. 542.

Note 2. See Proceedings, &c. of the Privy Council, edited by Sir N. H. Nicolas, vol. vii. p. ii.

Note 3. See the Index, fol. 1832, pp. 111—115.

Note 4. Nos. 283 and 284.

Note 5. Some interesting extracts from the Lisle correspondence have been recently made by Miss M. A. E. Wood, now Mrs. Green, in her valuable collection of " Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies." It is to the same lady that the Editor has acknowledged his obligations in his note on the queen of France's marriage to the duke of Suffolk, in p. 17.

Note 6. This discovery appeared to the Editor sufficiently important to be brought before the Historical section of the British Archaeological Institute on its congress at Winchester in the year 1845; and he had then the honour of reading a paper on the subject at one of the general meetings held in St. John's rooms.

My attention was first directed to the mysterious and enigmatical nature of this document by Mr. E. G. Ballard, and to the same gentleman I have to acknowledge my obligations for searching out, as well as transcribing, most of the other materials of this volume.

I shall only add, in this place, a few biographical notices of Richard Turpyn, the supposed author of the Chronicle of Calais.

He was the grandson of John Turpyn, whose father Nicholas was of Whitchester, in Northumberland; which John by marriage with Elizabeth Kinnesman, heiress of the Paynells and Gobions of Knaptoft in Leicestershire, became possessed of that manor, and left issue his son and heir William Turpyn esquire, who died Sept. 1, 1523. Richard Turpyn, of Calais, was the fifth and youngest son of William1.

I little suspected, until some time after this volume had been in the press, that Turpyn's Chronicle had already placed his name in the memorials of Bale2, and all the sequel of literary biographers3. Such, however, proves to be the case; though we collect but Httle from them all. Anthony a Wood claims him as a scholar of Oxford, but adds that he was taken thence before he was honoured with a degree.

Note 1. Pedigree in Nichols's Leicestershire, iv. 225, as corrected by Mr. Townsend (see note in p. xvi. hereafter).

Note 2. "Ricardus Tui'pyn, ex honesta quadam Anglorum familia natus, et Caleti sub rege Henrico octavo miUtiam exercens, Anglice congessit Sui temporis Chronicon, Lib. i. obiitque Caleti circa annum a Christi nativitate 1541, in D. Nicolai templo illic sepultus." Balaei Scriptores, fol. Basil. 1359, part ii. p. 103. (In the Hist, of Leicestershire, iv. 217, the hke reference is erroneously made to Pitsaeus, who does not notice Turpyn.)

Note 3. Fuller's account of Turpyn, in his "Worthies of England," under Leicestershire, is as follows: "Richard Turpin was born at Knaptoft in this county, very lately (if not still) in the possession of that antient family, and was one of the gentlemen of the English garrison of Calis in France in the reign of king Henry the Eighth. Such soldiers generally in time of war had too much, in time of peace too little work, to employ themselves therein. Commendable therefore the industry of this Richard, who spent his spare hours in writing of a Chronicle of his Time. He dyed anno Domini 1541, in the thirty-fifth year of the aforesaid king's reign. (Weever's Funerall Monuments, p. 682.) This I observe the rather, that the reader may not run with me on the rock of the same mistake, who in my apprehension confounded him with Richard Turpin the herauld, first Blewmantle and then created Windsor, in the beginning of Queen Elizabeth." The reference to Weever is misplaced, as it did not belong (as was not unnaturally imagined by the printer) to the record of Turpyn's death, but to the catalogue of the Heralds which Weever has given in his work. The error of the " thirty^^A year " was made by miscopying Burton (History of Leicestershire), who has it consistently, if not correctly, " 1541. 33 Hen. VIII"

In the line written at the head of his chronicle, (p. 1,) Turpyn is styled a burgess of Calais. In the list of the garrison made in 1533, his name appears as one of the constabulary, whose duties in the watch and ward of the town are detailed in one of the documents in the Appendix. His pay in this capacity was eightpence a day. His death is generally stated to have occurred in or about 15411, when his body was interred in the church of St. Nicholas at Calais; but another authority places it in 15452.

According to that statement, Richard Turpyn the chronicler was born in 1506, and died in 1545. In such case he was only thirty-nine years of age at the time of his death, and not more than thirty-four at the period when his chronicle ceases. These dates would tend to invalidate his claim to be considered as the author of the Chronicle; for it will be remarked that within a very few years of the time thus determined for his birth, its memorials are very minute and particular, and must have been made by some person of competent age and knowledge. If Richard Turpyn was both born in 1506, and was really the compiler of the chronicle, he must have been indebted for its early portions, at least, to the memoranda of a former writer, or possibly he may have derived his information from some of the official records of the town.

Note 1. This date is not to be depended upon: for Bale (as quoted in a previous note) says only " circa annum 1541," which may have been merely a guess formed from the period at which the chronicle terminates. I have searched the register of the prerogative court of Canterbury for Turpyn's will in vain.

Note 2. Pedigree, ut supra.

He introduced into employment at Calais a second Richard Turpyn, who was afterwards a member of the College of Arms. In the family pedigree the herald has been placed as nephew of the chronicler, and as a younger son of John Turpyn of Knaptoft1; but another authority2 declares him to have been still more nearly related to the former. " He was son of Richard Turpyn, burgess of Calis, gent, by Margaret, daughter of John de Mount, de Guisnes. (MS. penes P. le Neve, Norroy.)"

Note 1. In the copy of Nichols's Leicestershire in the College of Arms, the late Francis Townsend, esq. Windsor herald, has drawn his pen through the name of Richard Turpyn the herald, thus apparently adopting the statement of Le Neve mentioned in the next page. Mr. Townsend has also in the same place made the following corrections: £or sir William Turpin, died 1525, read William Turpyn esquire, died 1523; the death of John, for "June 18, 1530," in 1528-9 (without altering the month); his son William, born Sept. 30, 1527, not Sept. 1, 1529; the effects of George were administered to by his widow, Frances, 17 Aug. 1583. To these memoranda it may be added that the will of William Turpyn, 1584, is recorded in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, in 8 Wathan, and that of John, 1582, in 29 Rawe. The main authority for the Turpyn pedigree is not the Leicestershire Visitation of 1619, but Vincent's Leicester, 217. In 2 H. 5 (Coll. Arm.) f. 94 b. is the following record of a crest granted to the family: "The armes and crest of George Turpyn of Knaptoft, in the countye of Leycester, esquyer: he bereth geules, on a bende silver thre lyon's heddes rasy sable, langued and oreilled geules; upon his helme on a torse asure and golde, A grype standyng ung pie levant golde, the forparte dropped geules, beked and armed sable, manteled geules, dobled silver: yeven the said crest by me, Thomas Hawley, alias Clarencieulx, the first daye of Aprill, in the vjth yere of the reigne of owr soverayne lorde kyng Edward the syxte." There were two marriages between the family of Turpyn and that of Docwra, the lord prior of St. John's (often mentioned in the present volume), the particulars of which will be found in Collectanea Topogr. et Genealogica, 1840, vol. vi. p. 90.

Note 2. Memorandum in Anstis's MS. Lives of the Heralds, in the College of Arms, vol. ii. p. 628. verso.

The second Richard Turpyn was, at the time of the surrender of Calais in 1558, clerk of the victuals there, at the salary of £40 per ann.; together with which office he lost lands worth 100 marks a-year, and goods estimated at more than £2000. He was also a pursuivant by the name of Hampnes.1

Note 1. Mark Noble (History of the College of Arms) says he was so created " at his return," adding, with his usual blundering, that " he continued in that office during the reigns of Edward VI. and Mary."

After his return to England, he [Richard Turpin] was created Bluemantle pursuivant Dec. 21, 1560, and his patent was dated on the 22d of the following month1. In 1562 he went with Ambrose earl of Warwick to Newhaven (now Havre) in Normandy, then lately occupied by the English, with the consent of the chiefs of the Huguenots. The earl landed there on the 29th of October, and on the last day of that month Bluemantle proclaimed in that town the earl's commission, in Latin, English, and French. After a protracted siege, the place was evacuated by the English in the following July, chiefly in consequence of the fatality produced by the plague; and a narrative of the expedition was written by the pursuivant, which was in the possession of Garter Anstis. This was not the only occasion on which Turpyn was employed upon the continent, for a few years after we find him representing that there had scarcely been any service beyond the seas for twenty-four years in which he had not borne a part.

Note 1. It is printed in Rymer, xv. 566.

19 Apr 1566. By patent dated the 25th Jan. 1565, he [Richard Turpin] was promoted to be Windsor Herald, and so created on Maundy Thursday the 19th of April following. Some years after, being in pecuniary difficulties, he was suspended from receiving the profits of his office because he owed certain sums to his successor Bluemantle and to York herald, but he was restored by the Earl Marshal on the 19th July, 1570, having previously presented the following petition to his grace, — how long before does not appear, for it is undated:

To the right honorable the duke of Norffolkes grace.

Shevveth unto your good grace your poor oratour Richard Turpyn, alias Wyndsor heraulde of arms, so it is, gracious honorable lord. That, whereas your saide oratour was a pursuyvant of armes in Caleys, at the losse therof, and there dwelled and inhabyted, his wages beinge ther above xU'. by the yere, and his londes above c. markes by the yere, as also his goods, plate, and moveables, and others esteemed above and better than uhi^li. so that by mysfortune of the saide losse of Caleys [he] was spoyled of londes, goodes, and wages, as also havinge ther another ofFyce of the Queues Majestie called by the name of Clarke of the Victuals, and their havinge the victuallinge, lodginge of all the workemen Shevveth unto your good grace your poor oratour Richard Turpyn, alias Wyndsor heraulde of arms, so it is, gracious honorable lord. That, whereas your saide oratour was a pursuyvant of armes in Caleys, at the losse therof, and there dwelled and inhabyted, his wages beinge ther above xU'. by the yere, and his londes above c. markes by the yere, as also his goods, plate, and moveables, and others esteemed above and better than uhi^li. so that by mysfortune of the saide losse of Caleys [he] was spoyled of londes, goodes, and wages, as also havinge ther another ofFyce of the Queues Majestie called by the name of Clarke of the Victuals, and their havinge the victuallinge, lodginge of all the workemen Shevveth unto your good grace your poor oratour Richard Turpyn, alias Wyndsor heraulde of arms, so it is, gracious honorable lord. That, whereas your saide oratour was a pursuyvant of armes in Caleys, at the losse therof, and there dwelled and inhabyted, his wages beinge ther above xU'. by the yere, and his londes above c. markes by the yere, as also his goods, plate, and moveables, and others esteemed above and better than uhi^li. so that by mysfortune of the saide losse of Caleys [he] was spoyled of londes, goodes, and wages, as also havinge ther another ofFyce of the Queues Majestie called by the name of Clarke of the Victuals, and their havinge the victuallinge, lodginge of all the workemen by that meanes now at this present 1 am greatly indebted, to ray utter undoyenge, oneles that your honorable lordshipp wyll and comaunde my company the kings andheraulds of amies that I may enjoie all such larges, comodities, and proffyts as shall growe to me by vertue of my saide offyce, I beinge an herauld of armes, seinge that I have not offended the prince, nor no part of your grace's comandements and decrees set forth by your grace, nor being no droncard, dycer, nor carder, no ruffyan, nor no spot of vylonny. I trust none of my companye can stayne me. Howbeit certain of my company hath dysbarred me of all my droytes and comodytees dew to me by my sayde servyce, which I have served by the space of this xx^i yeres in my saide call, and hath not received one penny out of the saide ofFyce syns the first of Aprill last past, so that, most honorable Lord, I have ben fayne to laye to gage all my rayment and my wyffes, with all suche poore stuff as I had. Furthermore I have served as paynfuUy and as daungerously as ony in the sayde offyce hath done, for ther hath ben no service thes xxiiijt' yeres past done beyonde the seas but lyghtly I have been at them, and I trust I am as well able to serve as any other are in the sayde offyce, and that wyll I stande to their judgementts, as also my good lord of Warwycke wyll testifie, with others, of my honest and paynfull service lately done with the sayde lord of Warwyck in Newhaven in Normandye, when ther I served under his lordship. Therefore, honorable lord, for so moche as I have loste all my londes and goodes which I was well able to lyve in Caleys before the losse thereof, and now a poore man, and not able to lyve oneless your good lordship do comaunde the saide companye the kings and heraulds of arms that I may receive all suche dewties and droicts as shall growe, with all other comodities, as all other the heraulds hathe, and so by that means I trust in God, with your good lordship's favour, shortely to come to some end with my credytors, that I am indebted unto, and to be at lyberty, and so yerely to paye unto them a portition of my saide proffitts, as shall growe unto me. And your saide poore oratour, accordinge to his bounden dewtie, shall dayly praye to God for your noble grace in moche felicitie, with th'increase of the same, long to contenewe.

17 Oct 1581 Richard Turpyn, Windsor herald, died on the 17th of October, 1581. He was, says Anstis, "an officer of great industry, as will appear from his MSS. relating mostly to armory, now in the collector's keeping."

Note 1. The above document I have been allowed to ti-anscribe from Anstis's collections for the history of the officers of arms, lately belonging to Sir George Nayler, and now in the library of the College of Arms. Anstis's manuscripts were dispersed after his death, and I am not aware where those of Turpyn above mentioned are now preserved.

In conclusion, I would remind the members of the Camden Society that this is the second time that we have been indebted for the preservation and use of historical works to the zeal and industry of "honest John Stowe." In the present instance, as in that of "The Historic of the Arrivall and Restoration of King Edward IV.," with which the series of this Society was commenced, his transcripts have at last, after the lapse of more than two centuries, conducted works to the press, of which the original manuscripts are now lost or unknown.

To have obtained Richard Turpyn's own copy of the Chronicle of Calais would certainly have been more satisfactory, inasmuch as Stowe with all his merits was no great scholar, nor, whether from want of care on his own part, or on that of his printers, do we find that he edited with perfect accuracy. Passages from Turj^yn's chronicle are to be found interweaved in that of Stowe, and in three places " Richard Turpin " is quoted in his margin, aIz. in May 1514, July 1520, and in 152/ for Wolsey's embassy. Under the year 1532 he has given the same list of names as in this volume, p. 42, but with several errors. The name of Donne is misprinted Deane, Semer is misprinted Femer, and Markam misprinted Marleant. I suspect further that, in the same place, Stowe transcribed "Sir John Page " for Sir John Gage, K.G. and "Sir Edward Santener" for Santmer or Seymour, afterwards the Duke of Somerset and protector1. Such instances of inaccuracy in our standard works contribute to justify that recurrence to original authorities which it is the practice of the Camden Society to adopt and recommend.

Note 1. So in p. 8 Dicky for Digby: and in p. 48 he has written " his " for "her;" see note, p. 187.

Tudor Books, Chronicle of Calais, Calais in the Hands of the English

[11 Oct 1532]. The xj. day of Octobar Henry the Eighth kynge of England landyd at Caleis, with the duke of Richemond his bastard sonne, the duke of Norfolke lord tresorar of England, the duke of Suffolke, the bysshope of Wynchestar (age 49), the bysshope of London (age 57), the bysshope of Lyncolne (age 59), the bysshope of Bathe, the marques of Exceter (age 36), the erle of Derbye (age 23), the erle of Arundell (age 56), the erle of Oxenforde (age 61), the erle of Surrey (age 16), the erle of Rutland (age 40), the vicount Lisle (age 68) kynge Edward the Fowrthes bastard sone, the lorde Matrevers, the lord Sands lord chambarlen of the kyng’s howse, the lord William Howard, the lorde Braye, the lorde Montague, the lord Cobham, the lord Mordante, the lord Dawbney, the lorde Greye, the lorde Clinton, the lorde Vauxe, the lorde Mountegle, the lorde Rocheforde, with dyvars other lords, ser William Fitzwilliam tresurar of the kyng’s howse, ser William Pallett comptrowlar of the kyng’s howse, ser William Kyngston capitayne of the garde, ser John Page, ser James Boleyne, ser Anthony Browne, ser Edward Nevell knight herberjur, ser Thomas Cheny, ser John Russell, ser Richard Page, ser Raffe Eldercare, ser Edward Baynton, ser Edward Santener, ser Griffethe Doon, ser John Dudley, ser John Semer, ser Henry Longe, ser Anthony Hungarford, ser John Bruges, ser Arthur Hopton, ser Anthony Wyngfilde, ser William Paston, ser Edmond Bedingfeld, ser Thomas Strange, ser William Hawte, ser Edward Wotton, ser William Askughe, ser John Markam, ser William Baryngton, ser William Essex, ser Gyles Strangweis, ser Edward Chamberleyne, ser Giles Caple, ser John Seint John, ser Waltar Hungarford, ser William Gascoyne, ser Lionell Norreis, ser Edward Boleyne, ser Thomas Lisle, ser John Assheton, ser Thomas Palmar, ser William Boleyne, ser William Finche, ser William Pellam, ser Thomas Rotherham, ser John Norton, ser Richard Sands, ser John Nevell, and xxx. esquyers de quyrry and many gentlemen; every duke had x1. men, every marques XXXv. men, every erle xxiiij., every vicount xx., every bysshope xxiiij., every baron and lorde xij., every knight x., the treswrar of the kyng’s hows, xx., the comptrowlar of the kyng’s howse hathe xx. men, every counselar x. men, the clarke of the citchen x. men, every doctor viij. men, every esquier for the body viij. men, every sewar to the kynge vj. men, every gentleman usshar iiij. men, the clerke of the grene clothe xij. men, the clerke comptrowlar hathe vj. men, the cofferer viij. men, the clerke of the citchen j--the clerke of the spicery vj., the clerke of the ewrye iiij., the second clerke iij., every sargiant at armes on man, and every sargiant of cvery office in the kyng’s howse one man, the yeman of the comptinghows hath one grome, and every one of the iiij. officers of the bake howse iiij. men, the officers of the pantrye, buttrye, and sellar have xxxiij. men, the officers of the pitcherhowse hathe xij. men, the officers of the waffers and condutis v. men, the officers of the chandry x. men, officer of the confectionary have vij. men, the officers of the lawndrye have viij. men, the officers of the kechen have xx. men and xv. servants, the officers of the lardar have Xvj. men, officers of the boylinge hows have v. men, officers of the pultrye have xiij. men, officers of the sqwllerye have xx. men, officers of the scaldynghows viij. men, officers of the pasterye are xiiij., the officers of the woodyarde are xx. men, officers of the halle are ix. men, the officers of the herbengers are x. men, besyds othar officers.

[21 Oct 1532]. The xxj. of Octobar kynge Henry rode from his towne of Calleys to Boleyne with all his trayne, and the xxx. of the same monethe returnyd agayne to Callais and the Frenche kynge with him, and the kynge of Naverne, and the cardinall of Loren, and many othar duks, bysshops, and great lords of Fraunce, Gascoigne, Bretaigne and Normandy; and the xxviij. of Octobar kynge Henry made the kynge of Naverne knight of the gartar,a and the next day the Frenche kynge with the kynge of Naverne and all the greate lords of Fraunce rode agayne to Boleyne, and kynge Henry of England rode with them to Sandyngfilde, where the kynge of England had made a costly banqwete, and there the iij. kyngs departyd lyke lovynge bretherne in greate amytie. The Frenche kynge payde for all the costes of the kynge of England, and them that cam with hym to Boleyne; and the kynge of England payde for the Frenche men’s coste, and all that cam with them to Calleys, and gave the ij. kyngs ryche gyftes.

Note a. This is a mistake, The king of Navarre was not elected of the Garter; but two Frenchmen were elected on this occasion, namely, Anne de Montmorency count de Beaumont (afterwards duke de Montmorency), grand master, and Philip de Chabot count de Neublanche, admiral of France. This honour was conferred upon those illustrious subjects of Francis I. in return for the investiture of the dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk with the order of St. Michael at Boulogne three days previously.” —Beltz’s Memorials of the Order of the Garter, p. xcii; Anstis, Register of the Garter, vol, ii. p. 391.

01 Nov 1532. The first of Novembar kynge Henry made dyvars knights and officers,...

13 Nov 1532.... and the xiij. of Novembar toke shipe with lady Anne Boleyne (age 31) marchiones of Pembroke, who bare a greate rome with hym, and what she wolde have done was shortly finished; he made hir marchiones of Pembroke, and hir fathar ser Thomas Bolen erle of Wilshere: they landyd at Dovar the same daye.

19 May 1536. The nineteenth of May Queen Ann Boleyn (age 35) was behedyd in the Towre of London, by the hands of the hangman of Calais, withe the swerde of Calais.

The hundred horsemen under the retinue of Sir John Wallop, of the which the Monthly Wages of

Two peticapitaines, at 2s. the piece by the day £5 12s.

Two gyttorne-bearers, at 12d. a piece by the day 56s.

The rest of the said horsemen, being in nomber 96, at piece by the day £100 12s.

Four captaines, at 4s. a piece by the day £22 8s.

Six soldiers, one trumme, and one fyfe, to every of them fact. 32 men at 6d. the day £22 8s.

Four peticapitaines, at 2s. the piece by the day £11 4s.

Two souldiers, to every of them, fact. 8 persons at 6d. the day. £5 12s.

Four standard-bearers, at 12d. the piece by the day £5 12s.

One soldier to every of them, at 6d. the day 56s.

The surveyor, at 4d. the day £5 12s.

Anthony Rous, at 4s. by the daie £4 12s.

Six persons appointed to Anthony Rous, at 6d. by the day a piece £4 4s.

Summa totalis £196.

The castle of Guisnes was a post of the greatest importance, situated immediately on the French frontier; and its custody was conferred on persons of the first distinction. The title they bore was that of (the king's) lieutenant, but they were also sometimes styled captain.

Sir James Tyrrell was "capitaine" of Guisnes in 1489 (see note in p. 2).

Sir Nicholas Vaux was lieutenant of Guisnes in the year 1513 (see p. 12). The document which now follows contains the conditions upon which the office was conferred upon him.

Sir William Fitzwilliam was lieutenant of Guisnes in 1524.

William Lord Sandys was "captain" of Guisnes in 1527.

Sir John Wallop, K.G. held this office in 1541 (see the preceding page), and he died possessed of it in 1551 (see p. 211).

Sir Andrew Dudley, K.G. was his successor.

The last captain of Guisnes was, it is believed, William Lord Grey de Wilton, K.G. His funeral, Dec. 20, 1562, will be found in Machyn's Diary, p. 297.

A pursuivant took his name from this fortress, as others did from those of Rysebank and Hammes. Thomas Wall, alias Guysnes, was made Lancaster herald the 30th April, 1 Hen. VIII. William Jennings, his successor, was also promoted to be Lancaster the 2d May, 8 Hen. VIII.; and there were others during this reign whose names will be found in Anstis's Officers of Arms (MS. in Coll. Arm.) vol. iii. p. 73.

A plan of the town and castle of Guisnes, is preserved in the Cottonian collection, Augustus I. II. 23, and a drawing of the castle on a very large scale, ibid. No. 52. (The drawing No. 51, also ascribed in the catalogue to Guisnes, is an unfinished outline, and apparently intended for another place.)

A document in MS. Cotton. Calig. E. ii. f. 161, written after the winning of Boulogne, in 1544, states, that lord Sandes had always a crew of three hundred men in the castle of Guisnes during a time of peace; sir John Wallop, during war between the emperor and the French, five hundred men; and even to his last day, a garrison of two hundred footmen and fifty horsemen.

Foray into the French Country.

The following narrative describes such a foray as that recorded in p. 32 of Turpyn's Chronicle. Though somewhat subsequent in date to the other contents of this volume, it is inserted as affording a more vivid and graphic picture of the mode of aggression usual upon the French borders in times of war than it has been our fortune to find in any other paper.

Sir John Wallop, the chief commander on the occasion here described, was one who for a long succession of years was highly distinguished in his military capacity; and particularly in France. (See the memoir of him in Collins's Peerage, art. Portsmouth.) Having previously (as it seems) been marshal of Calais, he was constituted lieutenant of the castle there June 23, 1533 (Bill. Sign. 22 Hen. VII.), and subsequently he became lieutenant of the castle and county of Guisnes, which office he filled in 1543, when he was appointed captain-general and leader of the forces appointed to be employed, pursuant to a treaty with the emperor (Pat. 35 Hen. VIII. p. 16, m. 24), and which resulted in the expedition here commemorated.1 After his return, as a special mark of the king's approbation, he was elected a knight of the garter on Christmas eve 1543. He at last died at Guisnes, July 13, 1551, having made his will on the 22nd of May preceding, in which he styles himself " lieutenante of the castill and countye of Guisnes." "He was a noble captayne as ever was." (Machyn's Diary, p. 8).

(MS. Harl. 283, f. 3.)

Note 1. A later hand has indorsed upon the manuscript, "about 1513," - just thirty years too soon.

The names of the Captiaynes that he at the Kinges Majesties hoste

Firste, Sir John Wallope knight, cappitayne generall of the hoste; Sir Thomas Semer, highe marshall of the same; Sir Robert Bowes, treasorer; sir Richard Cromwell, cappitayne of the horsmen; sir George Carowe, sir John Rayensford, sir Thomas Pallmer, sir John Sant John, and sir John Gaskin, cappitaynes of the fotemen.

22 Jul 1543. The Journeys and Viogies of the King's Majesty's army, and the feats by the same achieved and done.

The whole host departed out of Calais upun Sunday the twenty-second day of Julye, at iiij of the clok at afternone, and campid the same night without the walles of the towne in the feldes. Uppon the Monday the xxiij day of Jully, in the morninge, they wente towardes Sir John Wallope (age 53) meeting them, and so marched to Lanerton, beinge within the French palle; and there mete with the lord Greay, capitayne of Hames castill, and ther birnt Lanerton, with the nomber of iij c. howses, and Campfer with Finies mylle, otherwise called a castill; and after the abbey of Bewliew, and so went to Finies towne that night, and ther camped. And upon Tewisday, the marshall the same morninge went with sertayne gentillemen and other soldeardes unto iij pilles1 called Ratton, Abrilton, and Rensam, and the same birnt also, and birnt dyvers vilages, and certayne howses in Mergison, and within iij milles compase of Bolloigne. The said army marchid forward unto the abbey of Lyquies, six mylles from Fynies, spoylinge and birning all the way they wente, untill they came unto the abbey aforesaid, to the which they came at ij of the cloke at afternone; and the said abbey was imediately delyvered up unto them, wherein was xij Frenchmen, and a monke called doctor Driw, which afterwardes folowid the clarkes, being bond with bondes. And upon Wediiisday the xxv day of Julye, they campid that night, to the intent that the cheyfteayne before his departure wolde se the said abbey as well bernte, as also the walles razed downe to the hard grownde with gonpowder, which was donne. And upon the same daye ther came to us two thowsande fotemen of Burgonyones and ij thowsande of horsmen.

And upon Thursday, the xxvj day of Jully, the said army departed from Lysquies and marchid unto the vilage and castill of Awlkinges, and ther campid, and ther lay all night, and ther were two laromes.

And upon Friday, the xxvij of July, departinge from thence, bernte the towne and the castill, and the castill was razed downe at Whitsontide laste paste by the Burgonyones; and so departinge razed downe the great tower that was standing with gonpowder, and all the reaste burnt to peeces. And so marchid the said day from thence to Hawlinge, two mylles from Sante Homers, and ther lay Saturday the xxviij day of Jully.

Upon Sonday, the xxix day, from Hawlinge to Otingall, ij mylles from Twrwin, and ther did the northern men, with other of the kinges men, ridde vmder the walles of Twrwin, and skirmyshed with the Frenchmen, and one Dasser killed one of the Frenchmen's horse with his bowe, and hurte was donne on bothe parties. And after our comynge into the

campe, om* cheiftayne seat up to the capteayiie of Torwin a letter, requiringe him that vj men of armes, beinge gentillmen, might runne with six gentillmen of our army for life and dethe; to the which answere was made in the morninge, that he wolde sende vj gentillmen of armes to runne, and X gentillmen armid to keepe them compayney, at ix of the cloke. Upon that ther was sertayne appoynted to furnishe them to do that enterprise, which wher of ower partie master Charrlles Hawward, master Peter Carew, master Henry Markham, master Shelley of Calleyes, master Callverley, and master Hall. And of ther parte was like nomber of gentilmen, which ech other met \\'ithout the towne at the hower appoynted, and ther ranne one with another two coursies and brake ther staves valiantly. And ther was hurte on ower partie master Calverley, and he brake ij speres on him that hurt him in the hed to the deathe. and master Markham did hurt one of the gentillmen also. And the same tyme ther wher iij browght from Boloigne by a trumpet to the campe, and ther delyvered. After this donne the army marchid forward toward an olde castill called Lyvters, beinge distroyed by the Frenchmen, which is within two legies of Turwin, wher the army camped Monday the xxx'" July, all the day, and upon Tewsday the xxxj'' of July the said army marchid from the said campe of Livters to the cam[p]e of Alwines, one myle from Ayre, and ther we had ij laromes, and lay ther all that night; and upon Wedinsday, the first of Auguste, the said army marchid from thence to the campe adjoyninge unto the castill of Erewyn next unto Rusher, and ther laye alle night. And upon Thursday the seconde day of August the said army marchid from thence unto the campe of Varkingnowghe a niylle from EtwajTie, and ther lay Friday and Saturdaye all daye. And upon the same Saturday afternoone came into the campe the countes of Pavoy, basse dowghter

(Here the MS. abruptly breaks off.)

Note 1. piles or fortified towers.