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Early Medieval Books, The History of William Marshal
The History of William Marshal is in Early Medieval Books.
The History of William Marshal is the story of a great knight who rose from relative obscurity during his long life of around seventy-two years to serve four kings: Henry II, and his sons Henry the Young King, Richard I and John. He became one of the greatest magnates of England, Earl of Pembroke and Regent of England. The History is a primary source for the life of William Marshal.
The History was commissioned shortly after William's death in 1219 by his son to commemorate William's great life. The manuscript was discovered by chance in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer who first published the text in two books in 1891, and subsequently an abridged version in 1900.
Twenty Trees published the first of a two volume translation of The History of William Marshal in July 2024. It is available on Amazon in paperback and eBook form; the seventh in the series Medieval Texts Translated.
Early Medieval Books, The History of William Marshal 1152 Siege of Newbury
Dunc vindrent avant losengier, | Then came forward the flatterers, | |
Qui felon sunt & paltonier | Who are treacherous and corrupt | 510 |
Qui l'enfant loérent a pendre. | Who praised the child (age 6) to be hanged. | |
Bien fu al pére fait entendre, | It was well made known to the father, | |
Mais il dist ke ne li chaleit | But he said that he did not care | |
De l'enfant, quer encore aveit | About the child, for he still had | |
Les enclumes e les marteals | The anvils and the hammers | 515 |
Dunt forgereit il de plus beals; | With which he would forge more beautiful ones; | |
E quant li reis oï ço dire, | And when the king heard this, | |
Si 'n out grant maltalent e ire. | He felt great displeasure and anger. | |
Lors commanda l'enfant a prendre | Then he ordered the child to be taken | |
& mener as furges por pendre; | And led to the gallows to hang; | 520 |
Vers les forches le fist porter, | He had him carried toward the gallows, | |
Mais il ne vot pas deporter | But he did not want to proceed | |
K'ove lui n'alast a grant gent: | Without with him taking a great crowd: | |
Mult se doutot d'enbuchement. | He greatly feared an ambush. |
E li emfes ke Ion portout, | And the child who was being carried, | 525 |
Ki de sa mort ne se dotout, | Who did not fear his death, | |
Si vit le cunte d'Arundel | Saw the count of Arundel | |
Qui teneit un bozon molt bel; | Who held a very fine crossbow bolt1; | |
Si li dist o simple reison: | So he said to him with simple reason: | |
"Sire, donez mei cel bozon." | "Lord, give me that crossbow bolt." | 530 |
Quant li reis oï ceste enfance, | When the king heard this child, | |
Por trestot I'or qui est en France | For all the gold that is in France, | |
Nel laissast il pendre cel jor, | He would not let him hang that day, | |
Mais par simplesce e par doçor, | But through simplicity and gentleness, | |
De quei sis cuers esteit toz pleins, | With which his heart was completely filled, | 535 |
A pris I'enfant entre ses meins | He took the child in his arms | |
& dit: "De cest torment vos lès, | And said: "From this torment I release you, | |
"Certes, vos n'i morrés uimès." | "Certainly, you will not die by it today." | |
Vers l'ost s'en revindrent ariére, | They returned back to the camp, | |
& l'on atornot la perriére | And they made ready the stone-throwing machine2 | 540 |
Por feire jeter a la tor | To make it throw at the tower | |
E as murs kui furent entor. | And the walls that were around it. | |
Lors revindrent li conseiller | Then the counsellors returned | |
Al rei loer & conseiller | To the king to commend and counsel | |
Que li emfes fust tant tost pris | That the child should be quickly taken | 545 |
E si fust en la funde mis, | And put into the sling, | |
E si lor fust lanciez laenz | And that he should be launched in there | |
Por espoenter celz dedenz. | To frighten those inside. | |
Li emfes qui poi fu senez | The child who had little sense, | |
Fu vers la perriére menez; | Was led toward the stone-throwing machine; | 550 |
La funde vit de la perriére, | He saw the sling of the stone-throwing machine, | |
Si se traist un petit ariére | So he drew back a little | |
E dist: "Dex aïe! kel branle! | And said: "God help me! What a swing!" | |
"Or est bien dreiz que ge m'i branle!" | "Now it is right that I swing there!" | |
Lez la funde s'ert acostez, | Near the sling he stood, | 555 |
E li reis dist: "Ostez! ostez! | And the king said: "Remove! Remove!" | |
"Certes, mult avreit felun cuer | "Certainly, anyone would have a cruel heart | |
"Ki purreit suffrir a nul fuer | "Who could in any way endure | |
"Que il murust de cest martire: | "That he should die from this torment: | |
"Trop set beles enfances dire. | "He speaks with such sweet innocence." | 560 |
"Pernez pierres & perdrials, | "Take stones and rocks3, | |
"Getez as murs & as kerneals | "Throw them at the walls and at the battlements | |
"Teles cum vos porrez lever, | "Such as you are able to lift, | |
"Quer ja nes purrez mielz grever." | "For you cannot harm them better." | |
Cil entendirent al perrier; | They listened to the stone-thrower; | 565 |
Li autre firent un cleier | The others made a siege-shelter5 | |
Por faire saillir a la porte. | To make an attack on the gate. | |
Un pautonier l'enfant aporte; | A rogue brings the child; | |
Si dist en haut: "Dant conestable, | And he says loudly: "Lord constable, | |
"Ça vos faites nos veritable! | "Here you make us true! | 570 |
"Veiz ci le fil vostre seignor | "See here the son of your lord, | |
"Qui ja murra en grant dolor, | "Who will die in great pain, | |
"Quer ja iert sor cel cleier mis. | "For he will soon be placed on that siege-shelter. | |
— Avez me vos itant premis?" | — Have you thus promised me?" | |
Fait li conestables. — "Oïl. | Says the constable. — "Yes." | 575 |
— Par mon chief! donques morra il: | — By my head! then he shall die: | |
"Telz presenz avra, se saciez, | "Such gifts he will have, be assured, | |
"Dunt il serra tost esquasiez | "From which he will soon be crushed | |
"Autresi conme un taberaut. | "Just like a foxglove-flower6 | |
"Ceste gile riens ne vos vaut; | "This ruse is worth nothing to you; | 580 |
"Ja verrez sa mort e sa fin." | You will indeed see his death and his end." | |
Une grant mole de molin | A large millstone7 | |
Fist as kerneals pendre defors; | Was made to hang outside the battlements; | |
E li emfes demanda lors | And the child then asked | |
Quel gieu ce repoeit ore estre | What game could this again now be | 585 |
Qu'il pendeient a la fenestre? | That they hung at the window? | |
Quant li rois li oï ce dire, | When the king heard him say this, | |
Bonement commensa a rire, | He began to laugh heartily, | |
E dist: "Willeme, teus joiaus | And said: "William, such toys | |
"Ne vos serreit ne boens ne beaus. | "Would neither be good nor beautiful for you. | 590 |
"C'est grant pecchiez kui mal vos fait, | "It is a great sin who treats you ill, | |
"Quer vos n'i avez riens mesfait. | "For you have done no wrong here. | |
"De tels joials vos quit & lès; | "From such toys I relinquish you; | |
"Par mei ne murrez vos jamès." | "By me you will never die. |
Note 1. "bozon". A crossbow bolt with a large, or wide and blunt, head. The Bozon family has an armorial with a crossbow bolt as a play on their family name; a form of canting arms. Meyer's vocabulary has "javelin"?
Note 2. "perriére" i.e. "stone-throwing machine". Probably a mangonel which operated on manpower pulling cords attached to a lever and sling to launch projectiles. Readers should note that on line 12048 in Book 2 "O perriéres, o mangonneals," refers to both so there may have been a slight differences between them. Meyer's vocabulary has the same for both "perriére" and "mangonel" i.e. stone throwing machines.
Note 3. "perdrials" i.e. "rocks". The translation uncertain. Meyer: "a type of machine for throwing stones". In the context it is possibly rocks to be thrown collectively at the castle rather than one large stone.
Note 4. "kerneals" i.e. "battlements". Properly "crenelations" but most refer to them as battlements. Crenelations at the top of the walls are formed from the crenels, i.e. the gaps, and the cops, i.e. the filled in parts. "Perdrials" i.e. "rocks", referred to above, may have been used specifically as an anti personnel weapon against those on the crenelations.
Note 5. "cleier" i.e. "siege-shelter". A shelter, sometimes roofed, used for protecting against projectiles thrown from the castle. It could be mounted on a wheeled carriage. Meyer: "This description seems to refer to a type of protective structure used in military engineering, similar to the Roman 'vinea,' a mobile shelter used to protect soldiers during sieges."
Note 6. "taberaut". His vocabulary "This word, of which there is no other example, designates an object or being that is crushed: it concerns the young Guillaume, exposed to being broken or crushed like a taberaut. Perhaps it should be corrected to taperaut and seen as a derivative of 'taper.' M. de Chambure, in his Glossary of Morvan, records 'tapereai,' foxglove; children use this plant in a game 'which consists of making noise by hitting the flower after blowing it up like a balloon.'"
Note 7. The large millstone being a defence against the shelter onto which it would be dropped.
Early Medieval Books, The History of William Marshal 1168 War with Poitou
Devant lui out grant batestal, | In front of him was a great uproar, | |
Quer il lor out doné estal | For he had resisted them forcefully | |
Come li senglers fait as chiens. | As a wild boar does to the dogs. | |
De lui prendre n'i eüst riens, | There was nothing they could take from him, | |
Qu'il nel poeient atechier, | For they couldn't touch him, | 1695 |
Qui ne I'osoient aprochier. | Who they dared not approach. | |
Ja de lui n'eüssent ballie | Never would they have seized him | |
Si ne fust une sorsaillie, | If it weren't for an unexpected attack, | |
Ke uns chevaliers saillit la haie. | Where a knight leaped over the hedge. | |
Sanz nul respit e sanz delaie | Without any respite and without | 1700 |
Parmi la haie le feri | Through the hedge he struck him | |
D'un glaive, si ku'il le choisi, | With a spear, so that it chose him, | |
Parmi les quises d'oltre en outre, | Through the leg-armour one side to the other, | |
Si que la glaive parut oltre | So that the spear appeared on the other side | |
Al mains plus de demie teise. | More than three feet1 | 1705 |
Lors le pristrent, dont molt li peise; | Then they took him, which greatly weighed on him; | |
& s'al prendre le keneüssent, | And they wouldn't have known his capture, | |
A tot le mains fait li eüssent | At the very least to have done to him | |
Tant ke la mort li fust quemune; | Until death had been given to him; | |
De cent vies n'en portast une. | Of one hundred lives he wouldn’t have spared one. | 1710 |
Note 1. "demie teise" i.e. "three feet". A "toise" was a unit of measure of equivalent to the distance between the fingers of outstretched arms i.e. six feet; half being three feet.
Early Medieval Books, The History of William Marshal 1189 Death of King Henry II
Li reis Henriz a Chinon vint, | King Henry came to Chinon [Map], | |
Mais tels damages i avint | But such misfortunes happened there | 9040 |
Que puis n'i out bien ne delit | That afterwards there was neither good nor pleasure there | |
Ne puis ne leva de son lit. | Nor did he rise from his bed again. | |
Malades jut el lit mortal: | Ill he lay in mortal bed: | |
Si'n soufrirent ennui e mal | So they suffered distress and pain | |
E grant dolor cil qui I'amérent, | And great sorrow those who loved him, | 9045 |
& qui ovecques lui i érent. | And those who were with him there. | |
E nequedent molt volt saveir | And nevertheless he greatly wanted to know | |
& molt volt en escrit aveir | And greatly wanted to have in writing | |
Cels qui érent ses contrempris, | Those who were his adversaries, | |
E qu'en eüst les nons apris. | And that he might have found out their names. | 9050 |
A mestre Rog. Malchael, | To master Roger Malchael, | |
Qui lores portout son seel, | Who then carried his seal, | |
Dist k'il alast sanz demorance | He said that he should go without delay | |
A Tors de si qu'al rei de France, | To Tours to the king of France, | |
Que li feist en escrit metre, | That he should have written down, | 9055 |
Si comme li plout a prametre, | As it pleased him to promise, | |
Toz cels qui érent ses empris, | All those who were his adversaries, | |
Tant que lor nons eüst apris. | So that he might have learned their names. | |
Maistre Roger issi le fist: | Master Roger did it so: | |
A Tors ala e si escrist | He went to Tours and thus listed | 9060 |
Trestoz cels qui empris esteient | All those who were committed | |
Al rei de France e li aveient | To the king of France and had | |
Pramis a aidier de sa guerre | Promised to help in his war | |
Encontre le rei d'Engletere. | Against the king of England. | |
Maistre Roger issi le fist | Master Roger did it thus | 9065 |
Com li rei commanda e dist. | The king commanded and said. | |
Ci ne deit aveir demorance: | Here there should be no delay: | |
Revenuz fu del rei de France | He returned from the king of France | |
Maistre Roger devant le rei; | Master Roger before the king; | |
E il li dist ke en segrei | And he told him that in secret | 9070 |
Li recontast qui cil esteient | He recounted who those were | |
Qui chartres bailliées aveient | Who had given charters | |
En lor seels al rei de France | With their seals to the king of France | |
Contre lui e en sa nuisance. | Against him and to his detriment. | |
E cil en suspirant li dist: | And he sighing said to him: | 9075 |
"Sire, si m'ait Jhesu Crist, | "Sire, so help me if Jesus Christ, | |
"Li premiers qui est ci escriz, | "The first one who is written here, | |
"C'est li quens Johan vostre fiz." | "It is count John (age 22) your son." |
03 Sep 1189
Fait fu reis a l'asompcion. | He [Richard (age 31)] was made king on the Assumption1, | |
A molt riche procession | With a very rich procession | |
Fu receüz dedenz Seint Pol. | He was received within Westminster Abbey2. | |
Iloc furent tenu por fol | There were considered foolish | 9570 |
Li Gieu, si com j'oï dire, | The Jews3, as I heard it said, | |
Quer livré furent a martyre. | For they were delivered to martyrdom. | |
Issi fu li reis d'Engletere | Thus was the King of England | |
Tot I'iver apres en sa terre. | All winter thereafter in his land. |
Note 1. The Feast of the Assumption is the 15th of August. The author here is referring to the Feast of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary i.e. the 3rd of September on which day King Richard was crowned.
Note 2. The coronation on the 3rd of September took place at Westminster Abbey rather than St Paul's.
Note 3. King Richard's coronation was marred by attacks on the Jewish population in London with a number being killed. His reign saw significant and repeated attacks on the Jewish population such as the attack in York on the 17th of March 1190 in which as many as fifty were killed.