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Early Medieval Books, The History of William Marshal

The History of William Marshal is in Early Medieval Books.

The History of William Marshal is the story of a great knight who rose from relative obscurity during his long life of around seventy-two years to serve four kings: Henry II, and his sons Henry the Young King, Richard I and John. He became one of the greatest magnates of England, Earl of Pembroke and Regent of England. The History is a primary source for the life of William Marshal.

The History was commissioned shortly after William's death in 1219 by his son to commemorate William's great life. The manuscript was discovered by chance in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer who first published the text in two books in 1891, and subsequently an abridged version in 1900.

Twenty Trees published the first of a two volume translation of The History of William Marshal in July 2024. It is available on Amazon in paperback and eBook form; the seventh in the series Medieval Texts Translated.

Early Medieval Books, The History of William Marshal 1152 Siege of Newbury

Dunc vindrent avant losengier,Then came forward the flatterers,
Qui felon sunt & paltonierWho are treacherous and corrupt510
Qui l'enfant loérent a pendre.Who praised the child (age 6) to be hanged.
Bien fu al pére fait entendre,It was well made known to the father,
Mais il dist ke ne li chaleitBut he said that he did not care
De l'enfant, quer encore aveitAbout the child, for he still had
Les enclumes e les martealsThe anvils and the hammers515
Dunt forgereit il de plus beals;With which he would forge more beautiful ones;
E quant li reis oï ço dire,And when the king heard this,
Si 'n out grant maltalent e ire.He felt great displeasure and anger.
Lors commanda l'enfant a prendreThen he ordered the child to be taken
& mener as furges por pendre;And led to the gallows to hang;520
Vers les forches le fist porter,He had him carried toward the gallows,
Mais il ne vot pas deporterBut he did not want to proceed
K'ove lui n'alast a grant gent:Without with him taking a great crowd:
Mult se doutot d'enbuchement.He greatly feared an ambush.

E li emfes ke Ion portout,And the child who was being carried,525
Ki de sa mort ne se dotout,Who did not fear his death,
Si vit le cunte d'ArundelSaw the count of Arundel
Qui teneit un bozon molt bel;Who held a very fine crossbow bolt1;
Si li dist o simple reison:So he said to him with simple reason:
"Sire, donez mei cel bozon.""Lord, give me that crossbow bolt."530
Quant li reis oï ceste enfance,When the king heard this child,
Por trestot I'or qui est en FranceFor all the gold that is in France,
Nel laissast il pendre cel jor,He would not let him hang that day,
Mais par simplesce e par doçor,But through simplicity and gentleness,
De quei sis cuers esteit toz pleins,With which his heart was completely filled,535
A pris I'enfant entre ses meinsHe took the child in his arms
& dit: "De cest torment vos lès,And said: "From this torment I release you,
"Certes, vos n'i morrés uimès.""Certainly, you will not die by it today."
Vers l'ost s'en revindrent ariére,They returned back to the camp,
& l'on atornot la perriéreAnd they made ready the stone-throwing machine2540
Por feire jeter a la torTo make it throw at the tower
E as murs kui furent entor.And the walls that were around it.
Lors revindrent li conseillerThen the counsellors returned
Al rei loer & conseillerTo the king to commend and counsel
Que li emfes fust tant tost prisThat the child should be quickly taken545
E si fust en la funde mis,And put into the sling,
E si lor fust lanciez laenzAnd that he should be launched in there
Por espoenter celz dedenz.To frighten those inside.
Li emfes qui poi fu senezThe child who had little sense,
Fu vers la perriére menez;Was led toward the stone-throwing machine;550
La funde vit de la perriére,He saw the sling of the stone-throwing machine,
Si se traist un petit ariéreSo he drew back a little
E dist: "Dex aïe! kel branle!And said: "God help me! What a swing!"
"Or est bien dreiz que ge m'i branle!""Now it is right that I swing there!"
Lez la funde s'ert acostez,Near the sling he stood,555
E li reis dist: "Ostez! ostez!And the king said: "Remove! Remove!"
"Certes, mult avreit felun cuer"Certainly, anyone would have a cruel heart
"Ki purreit suffrir a nul fuer"Who could in any way endure
"Que il murust de cest martire:"That he should die from this torment:
"Trop set beles enfances dire."He speaks with such sweet innocence."560
"Pernez pierres & perdrials,"Take stones and rocks3,
"Getez as murs & as kerneals"Throw them at the walls and at the battlements
"Teles cum vos porrez lever,"Such as you are able to lift,
"Quer ja nes purrez mielz grever.""For you cannot harm them better."
Cil entendirent al perrier;They listened to the stone-thrower;565
Li autre firent un cleierThe others made a siege-shelter5
Por faire saillir a la porte.To make an attack on the gate.
Un pautonier l'enfant aporte;A rogue brings the child;
Si dist en haut: "Dant conestable,And he says loudly: "Lord constable,
"Ça vos faites nos veritable!"Here you make us true!570
"Veiz ci le fil vostre seignor"See here the son of your lord,
"Qui ja murra en grant dolor,"Who will die in great pain,
"Quer ja iert sor cel cleier mis."For he will soon be placed on that siege-shelter.
— Avez me vos itant premis?"— Have you thus promised me?"
Fait li conestables. — "Oïl.Says the constable. — "Yes."575
— Par mon chief! donques morra il:— By my head! then he shall die:
"Telz presenz avra, se saciez,"Such gifts he will have, be assured,
"Dunt il serra tost esquasiez"From which he will soon be crushed
"Autresi conme un taberaut."Just like a foxglove-flower6
"Ceste gile riens ne vos vaut;"This ruse is worth nothing to you;580
"Ja verrez sa mort e sa fin."You will indeed see his death and his end."
Une grant mole de molinA large millstone7
Fist as kerneals pendre defors;Was made to hang outside the battlements;
E li emfes demanda lorsAnd the child then asked
Quel gieu ce repoeit ore estreWhat game could this again now be585
Qu'il pendeient a la fenestre?That they hung at the window?
Quant li rois li oï ce dire,When the king heard him say this,
Bonement commensa a rire,He began to laugh heartily,
E dist: "Willeme, teus joiausAnd said: "William, such toys
"Ne vos serreit ne boens ne beaus."Would neither be good nor beautiful for you.590
"C'est grant pecchiez kui mal vos fait,"It is a great sin who treats you ill,
"Quer vos n'i avez riens mesfait."For you have done no wrong here.
"De tels joials vos quit & lès;"From such toys I relinquish you;
"Par mei ne murrez vos jamès.""By me you will never die.

Note 1. "bozon". A crossbow bolt with a large, or wide and blunt, head. The Bozon family has an armorial with a crossbow bolt as a play on their family name; a form of canting arms. Meyer's vocabulary has "javelin"?

Note 2. "perriére" i.e. "stone-throwing machine". Probably a mangonel which operated on manpower pulling cords attached to a lever and sling to launch projectiles. Readers should note that on line 12048 in Book 2 "O perriéres, o mangonneals," refers to both so there may have been a slight differences between them. Meyer's vocabulary has the same for both "perriére" and "mangonel" i.e. stone throwing machines.

Note 3. "perdrials" i.e. "rocks". The translation uncertain. Meyer: "a type of machine for throwing stones". In the context it is possibly rocks to be thrown collectively at the castle rather than one large stone.

Note 4. "kerneals" i.e. "battlements". Properly "crenelations" but most refer to them as battlements. Crenelations at the top of the walls are formed from the crenels, i.e. the gaps, and the cops, i.e. the filled in parts. "Perdrials" i.e. "rocks", referred to above, may have been used specifically as an anti personnel weapon against those on the crenelations.

Note 5. "cleier" i.e. "siege-shelter". A shelter, sometimes roofed, used for protecting against projectiles thrown from the castle. It could be mounted on a wheeled carriage. Meyer: "This description seems to refer to a type of protective structure used in military engineering, similar to the Roman 'vinea,' a mobile shelter used to protect soldiers during sieges."

Note 6. "taberaut". His vocabulary "This word, of which there is no other example, designates an object or being that is crushed: it concerns the young Guillaume, exposed to being broken or crushed like a taberaut. Perhaps it should be corrected to taperaut and seen as a derivative of 'taper.' M. de Chambure, in his Glossary of Morvan, records 'tapereai,' foxglove; children use this plant in a game 'which consists of making noise by hitting the flower after blowing it up like a balloon.'"

Note 7. The large millstone being a defence against the shelter onto which it would be dropped.

Early Medieval Books, The History of William Marshal 1168 War with Poitou

Devant lui out grant batestal,In front of him was a great uproar,
Quer il lor out doné estalFor he had resisted them forcefully
Come li senglers fait as chiens.As a wild boar does to the dogs.
De lui prendre n'i eüst riens,There was nothing they could take from him,
Qu'il nel poeient atechier,For they couldn't touch him,1695
Qui ne I'osoient aprochier.Who they dared not approach.
Ja de lui n'eüssent ballieNever would they have seized him
Si ne fust une sorsaillie,If it weren't for an unexpected attack,
Ke uns chevaliers saillit la haie.Where a knight leaped over the hedge.
Sanz nul respit e sanz delaieWithout any respite and without 1700
Parmi la haie le feriThrough the hedge he struck him
D'un glaive, si ku'il le choisi,With a spear, so that it chose him,
Parmi les quises d'oltre en outre,Through the leg-armour one side to the other,
Si que la glaive parut oltreSo that the spear appeared on the other side
Al mains plus de demie teise.More than three feet11705
Lors le pristrent, dont molt li peise;Then they took him, which greatly weighed on him;
& s'al prendre le keneüssent,And they wouldn't have known his capture,
A tot le mains fait li eüssentAt the very least to have done to him
Tant ke la mort li fust quemune;Until death had been given to him;
De cent vies n'en portast une.Of one hundred lives he wouldn’t have spared one.1710

Note 1. "demie teise" i.e. "three feet". A "toise" was a unit of measure of equivalent to the distance between the fingers of outstretched arms i.e. six feet; half being three feet.

Early Medieval Books, The History of William Marshal 1189 Death of King Henry II

Li reis Henriz a Chinon vint,King Henry came to Chinon [Map],
Mais tels damages i avintBut such misfortunes happened there9040
Que puis n'i out bien ne delitThat afterwards there was neither good nor pleasure there
Ne puis ne leva de son lit.Nor did he rise from his bed again.
Malades jut el lit mortal:Ill he lay in mortal bed:
Si'n soufrirent ennui e malSo they suffered distress and pain
E grant dolor cil qui I'amérent,And great sorrow those who loved him,9045
& qui ovecques lui i érent.And those who were with him there.
E nequedent molt volt saveirAnd nevertheless he greatly wanted to know
& molt volt en escrit aveirAnd greatly wanted to have in writing
Cels qui érent ses contrempris,Those who were his adversaries,
E qu'en eüst les nons apris.And that he might have found out their names.9050
A mestre Rog. Malchael,To master Roger Malchael,
Qui lores portout son seel,Who then carried his seal,
Dist k'il alast sanz demoranceHe said that he should go without delay
A Tors de si qu'al rei de France,To Tours to the king of France,
Que li feist en escrit metre,That he should have written down,9055
Si comme li plout a prametre,As it pleased him to promise,
Toz cels qui érent ses empris,All those who were his adversaries,
Tant que lor nons eüst apris.So that he might have learned their names.
Maistre Roger issi le fist:Master Roger did it so:
A Tors ala e si escristHe went to Tours and thus listed9060
Trestoz cels qui empris esteientAll those who were committed
Al rei de France e li aveientTo the king of France and had
Pramis a aidier de sa guerrePromised to help in his war
Encontre le rei d'Engletere.Against the king of England.
Maistre Roger issi le fistMaster Roger did it thus9065
Com li rei commanda e dist.The king commanded and said.
Ci ne deit aveir demorance:Here there should be no delay:
Revenuz fu del rei de FranceHe returned from the king of France
Maistre Roger devant le rei;Master Roger before the king;
E il li dist ke en segreiAnd he told him that in secret9070
Li recontast qui cil esteientHe recounted who those were
Qui chartres bailliées aveientWho had given charters
En lor seels al rei de FranceWith their seals to the king of France
Contre lui e en sa nuisance.Against him and to his detriment.
E cil en suspirant li dist:And he sighing said to him:9075
"Sire, si m'ait Jhesu Crist,"Sire, so help me if Jesus Christ,
"Li premiers qui est ci escriz,"The first one who is written here,
"C'est li quens Johan vostre fiz.""It is count John (age 22) your son."

03 Sep 1189

Fait fu reis a l'asompcion.He [Richard (age 31)] was made king on the Assumption1,
A molt riche processionWith a very rich procession
Fu receüz dedenz Seint Pol.He was received within Westminster Abbey2.
Iloc furent tenu por folThere were considered foolish9570
Li Gieu, si com j'oï dire,The Jews3, as I heard it said,
Quer livré furent a martyre.For they were delivered to martyrdom.
Issi fu li reis d'EngletereThus was the King of England
Tot I'iver apres en sa terre.All winter thereafter in his land.

Note 1. The Feast of the Assumption is the 15th of August. The author here is referring to the Feast of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary i.e. the 3rd of September on which day King Richard was crowned.

Note 2. The coronation on the 3rd of September took place at Westminster Abbey rather than St Paul's.

Note 3. King Richard's coronation was marred by attacks on the Jewish population in London with a number being killed. His reign saw significant and repeated attacks on the Jewish population such as the attack in York on the 17th of March 1190 in which as many as fifty were killed.