Biography of Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall 1209-1272
Paternal Family Tree: Anjou aka Plantagenet
Maternal Family Tree: Helene du Donjon 1095-1189
On 06 Jul 1189 [his grandfather] King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England (age 56) died at Chinon Castle [Map]. William Mandeville 3rd Earl Essex Count Aumale was present. He was buried at Fontevraud Abbey [Map]. His son [his uncle] King Richard "Lionheart" I of England (age 31) succeeded I King England.
On 29 Aug 1189 [his father] King John of England (age 22) and [his step-mother] Isabella Fitzrobert 3rd Countess Gloucester and Essex (age 16) were married at Marlborough Castle [Map]. He by marriage Earl Gloucester. She the daughter of William Fitzrobert 2nd Earl Gloucester and Hawise Beaumont Countess Gloucester. He the son of [his grandfather] King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England and [his grandmother] Eleanor of Aquitaine Queen Consort Franks and England (age 67). They were half second cousins. She a great granddaughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England.
Before 06 Apr 1199 [his father] King John of England (age 32) and [his step-mother] Isabella Fitzrobert 3rd Countess Gloucester and Essex (age 26) marriage annulled due to consanuinity but more likely because John's new status as heir to the English throne mean't he had better prospects. He may have already decided to marry [his mother] Isabella of Angoulême Queen Consort England (age 11) who he married on 24 Aug 1200.
On 24 Aug 1200 [his father] King John of England (age 33) and [his mother] Isabella of Angoulême Queen Consort England (age 12) were married. She had been engaged to Hugh Lusignan IX Count Lusignan (age 37) who subsequently appealed to King Philip II of France (age 35), their feudal overlord, who used the position to justify a war against John. The difference in their ages was 21 years. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Aymer Angoulême I Count Angoulême (age 40) and [his grandmother] Alice Courtenay Countess Angoulême. He the son of [his grandfather] King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England and [his grandmother] Eleanor of Aquitaine Queen Consort Franks and England (age 78).
On 16 Jun 1202 [his grandfather] Aymer Angoulême I Count Angoulême (age 42) died.
On 01 Apr 1204 [his grandmother] Eleanor of Aquitaine Queen Consort Franks and England (age 82) died at Fontevraud Abbey [Map].
On 05 Jan 1209 Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall was born to King John of England (age 42) and Isabella of Angoulême Queen Consort England (age 21).
In or before 1218 Gilbert Clare 5th Earl Gloucester 4th Earl Hertford (age 37) and [his future wife] Isabel Marshal Countess Cornwall, Gloucester and Hertford (age 17) were married. She by marriage Countess Gloucester, Countess Hertford. The difference in their ages was 20 years. She the daughter of William Marshal 1st Earl Pembroke (age 71) and Isabel Clare Countess Pembroke (age 45). He the son of Richard Clare 3rd Earl Hertford and Amice Fitzrobert Countess Hertford. They were third cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England.
On 12 Feb 1218 [his grandmother] Alice Courtenay Countess Angoulême died.
On 10 May 1220 [his step-father] Hugh Lusignan X Count Lusignan V Count La Marche (age 37) and [his mother] Isabella of Angoulême Queen Consort England (age 32) were married. She by marriage Countess Lusignan, Countess La Marche. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Aymer Angoulême I Count Angoulême and [his grandmother] Alice Courtenay Countess Angoulême. He the son of Hugh Lusignan IX Count Lusignan.
In 1225 Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall (age 15) was created 1st Earl Cornwall.
On 30 Mar 1231 Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall (age 22) and Isabel Marshal Countess Cornwall, Gloucester and Hertford (age 30) were married at Fawley, Lambourn. She by marriage Countess Cornwall. She the daughter of William Marshal 1st Earl Pembroke and Isabel Clare Countess Pembroke. He the son of King John of England and Isabella of Angoulême Queen Consort England (age 43).
On 06 Apr 1231 [his brother-in-law] William "The Younger" Marshal 2nd Earl Pembroke (age 41) died. On 06 Apr 1231 His brother [his brother-in-law] Richard Marshal 3rd Earl Pembroke (age 40) succeeded 3rd Earl Pembroke. Gervase Dinant Countess Pembroke by marriage Countess Pembroke.
On 31 Jan 1232 [his son] John Cornwall was born to Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall (age 23) and [his wife] Isabel Marshal Countess Cornwall, Gloucester and Hertford (age 31) at Marlow, Buckinghamshire. He a grandson of King John of England.
Flowers of History 1233. How the bishop of Winchester bribed the confederates of the earl marshal.
Peter bishop of Winchester, who endeavoured by all the means in his power to weaken the cause of the earl marshal and his confederates, bribed the earls of Chester (age 25) and Lincoln (age 40) by the gift of a thousand marks to abandon the marshal and the cause of justice, and to come over to the king's party; for Richard, the king's brother (age 23), who at first adhered to the cause of the marshal, had some time before returned to the king's side. When the marshal discovered this, he entered into a confederacy with Llewellyn the prince of North Wales, and some other chiefs of that province, and they mutually made oath that neither of them would make peace with king Henry without the consent of the other. On the day following the assumption of Saint Mary, a great many soldiers arrived at Dover from the continent and went to the king at Gloucester, on which he led his army forward to the city of Hereford, attended by a host of these and many others.
Flowers of History 1233. How the marshal was warned of treachery against him.
The earls and barons in grand knightly array proceeded to London on the 1st of August to the appointed conference, and amongst the rest was [his brother-in-law] Richard earl marshal (age 42), who took up his abode with his [his wife] sister (age 32), the wife of Richard the king's brother (age 24); she then asked him the reason of his journey, to which he replied, that he had come to attend the conference. She then said to him, "Know, my dear brother, that your enemies are plotting to take you prisoner, and they will give you up to the king and the bishop of Winchester, in order that they may serve you the same as they did the earl of Kent (age 63)." The marshal would hardly believe these words of his sister's, until she showed by evident proofs the manner of his capture, and by whom he would be taken. He then began to believe her, and when night came on he took the road, and did not draw rein till he arrived in Wales. There came to the conference the earls of Chester (age 26) and Lincoln (age 41), the earl of Ferrers, and earl Richard the king's brother, with some other earls and several barons, but nothing was done there on account of the absence of the earl marshal and Gilbert Bassett (age 45), and some other nobles who did not make their appearance; on which the king, by the advice of Peter bishop of Winchester, and Stephen Seagrave, sent letters to all the nobles of the kingdom who owed him knight's service, inviting them to come, provided with horses and arms, to Gloucester, on Sunday before the Assumption of the blessed virgin Mary. Richard Marshal and some others however, who were confederated, refused to come at the time appointed, and the king, treating them as traitors, burnt their villages, destroyed their parks and warrens, and besieged their castles. The nobles who were confederated with one another, it was said, were the earl marshal, Gilbert Bassett and his brothers, all distinguished soldiers, Richard Siward, a man trained to arms from his youth, Walter de Clifford, a chosen knight, and many others who joined their cause; all of these the king, without any trial in his court by their peers, ordered to be declared banished and proscribed men, and gave their lands to his Poictevin servants, ordering their persons to be seized wherever they were found in the kingdom.
On 09 Sep 1233 [his daughter] Isabel Cornwall was born to Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall (age 24) and [his wife] Isabel Marshal Countess Cornwall, Gloucester and Hertford (age 32) at Marlow, Buckinghamshire. She a granddaughter of King John of England.
On 16 Apr 1234 [his brother-in-law] Richard Marshal 3rd Earl Pembroke (age 43) died from wounds at Kilkenny Castle, Kilkenny, County Kilkenny. His brother [his brother-in-law] Gilbert Marshal 4th Earl Pembroke (age 37) succeeded 4th Earl Pembroke.
On 01 Aug 1235 [his brother-in-law] Gilbert Marshal 4th Earl Pembroke (age 38) and Marjorie Dunkeld Countess Pembroke (age 35) were married at Berwick on Tweed, Northumberland [Map]. She by marriage Countess Pembroke. She the daughter of King William I of Scotland and Ermengarde Beaumont Sarthe Queen Consort Scotland. He the son of William Marshal 1st Earl Pembroke and Isabel Clare Countess Pembroke. They were half second cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England.
On 02 Nov 1235 [his son] Henry "Almain" Cornwall was born to Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall (age 26) and [his wife] Isabel Marshal Countess Cornwall, Gloucester and Hertford (age 35). He a grandson of King John of England.
Chronica Majora. 11 Feb 1236. When the nuptial rejoicings were concluded, the [his brother] king (age 28) left London and went to Merton [Map], where he summoned the nobles to hear a message lately brought from the emperor (age 41), and to discuss the business of the kingdom. For messengers had come direct from the emperor to the king with letters, asking him without delay to send his brother Richard, earl of Cornwall (age 27), whose circumspect skill report had spread far and wide, to make war on the king of the French. He also promised, by way of assistance, to send all the Imperial forces, especially in order to enable the English king not only to recover his continental possessions, but also, when they were regained, to extend his former possessions. To this, the king and the nobles there assembled, after due deliberation, replied that it would not be safe or prudent to send one so young out of the kingdom and to expose him to the doubtful chances and dangers of war, since he was the only apparent heir of the king and kingdom, and the hopes of all were centred in him next to the king. For the king, although he was married, had no children, and the [his future sister-in-law] queen his wife (age 13) was still young, and did not know whether she was fruitful or barren. But if it was agreeable to his excellency the emperor to summon any other brave man he chose, from amongst the nobles of the kingdom, for the purpose, they, the king, and all his friends and subjects, in accordance with his request, would at once render him all the assistance in their power. The messengers, on receiving this reply, returned to inform their lord.
Chronica Majora. 28 Apr 1236. In the same year, on the 28th of April, the nobles of England assembled at a council at London, to discuss the affairs of the kingdom. It was a cause of astonishment to many that the king followed the advice of the bishop elect of Valentia more than he ought, despising, as it appeared to them, his own natural subjects, and at this they were annoyed, and accused the king of fickleness, saying amongst themselves, "Why does not this bishop elect betake himself to the kingdom of France, as the French king has married the elder sister of our queen, to manage the affairs of the French kingdom, like he does here, by reason of his niece the queen of that country?" And they were highly indignant. On the first day of the council the king went to the Tower of London, and gave great cause of discontent to many about this matter, and more unfavourable than prosperous conjectures were entertained. The nobles would not either singly or in numbers go to the Tower to the king, fearing lest he, yielding to evil counsel, should vent his rage on them, and being warned by the words of Horace - Quia me vestigia terrent Omnia te versum spectantia, nulla retrorsum. [Because the footsteps of these beasts all point towards your den, But none of them, as far I can see, come back again.]
The king, nevertheless, restrained by motives of prudence, went from the Tower to his palace, there to discuss the urgent business of the kingdom more suitably with his nobles. After discussing several matters, he came to one praiseworthy determination, which was, that all the sheriffs should be dismissed, and others appointed in their places, because they had been corrupted by bribes and deviated from the paths of truth and justice. The king, therefore, substituted in their places men who possessed more tenements, who were richer, and of more noble race, who would not be driven by necessity to covet presents, nor to be cornipted. He also made them swear that they would not accept any gifts, unless in food and drink, and that only moderately and not to excess; or any present of land by way of reward, by which justice would be corrupted. To this council the king of Scotland (age 37) sent special messengers, who urgently demanded from the king the rights which pertained to their lord, the said king of Scots, concerning which they said that they held a charter and had the testimony of a great many nobles; but the determination of this matter was put off for the present. At the same time, too, the king, because he could not re-establish peace between Earl Richard (age 27), his brother, and Richard Seward, banished the latter from the kingdom, saying that he would rather incur his anger than that of his brother.
He also, to the astonishment of many, removed from their offices and dismissed from his councils, Ralph Fitz-Nicholas, seneschal of his palace, and several other high offices of his household. He also demanded instantly his seal from the bishop of Chichester, his chancellor; although he had blamelessly discharged the duties of his office, proving himself a remarkable pillar of truth at court. This, however, the chancellor refused to do, seeing that the kings violence exceeded the bounds of moderation, and said that he could on no account give it up, since he had undertaken the charge by the general consent of the kingdom, and therefore could not resign it without that same consent. About the same time, too, the emperor sent messengers to the king, demanding from him a large sum of money which he, the king, had promised him with his sister.
Chronica Majora. Around 11 Jul 1236. In this year, about the feast of St. Benedict, the emperor (age 41) sent a handsome present to the [his brother] king of England (age 28), consisting of eighteen valuable horses, and three mules laden with silks and other costly presents. He also sent some valuable horses and other desirable things to Earl Richard (age 27), the king's brother.
Chronica Majora. Before 24 Jun 1237. In the same year, the emperor Frederick (age 42), by special messengers and imperial letters, summoned all the great Christian princes of the world to assemble on the day of St. John the Baptist's nativity, at Vaucouleurs, which is on the confines, or near the confines, of the empire and the French kingdom, there to discuss some difficult matters concerning the empire as well as the kingdom. The king of France, as if entertaining suspicion of this conference, proceeded at the time fixed to the place appointed, attended by a large army, which he had assembled for the purpose, and thus set dreadful and pernicious example to others, inasmuch as he went to discuss matters of peace in the same way as he would to attack his enemies. The [his brother] king of England (age 29) made reasonable excuses for not coming in person; but sent a peaceful embassy, consisting of some of the chief men of the kingdom; namely, Richard earl of Cornwall (age 28), his brother, with some other nobles, fit to manage a conference, under the guidance of the venerable archbishop of York (age 57) and the bishop of Ely, and other trustworthy persons selected for the purpose. The bishop of Winchester, although selected before all others, absolutely refused to go, and, not without reason, gave the following as the cause for excusing himself: "My lord king," said he "you lately laid a heavy complaint against me before the emperor, telling him that I, with some other nobles, disturbed your kingdom: whether you did this with justice, or unjustly, God knows; but I trust that I have saved my conscience in every respect. But if your words were now placed with confidence in my mouth and in your letters, and should declare that I was a familar and faithful friend of yours; all this would appear as contrary, and he would accuse both you and me of instability; and this would blacken your fame in a great degree. Therefore, because it would be manifestly to your dishonour, I will not go on any account." And in the opinion of many, this reply gave sufficient excuse for him. When all preparations had been made, and they were all ready to set sail on this journey, they were met by letters from the emperor, to say that he could not go to the conference then, as he had purposed; but that what he could not do then, should, by God's favour, be carried into effect on the Nativity of St. John the Baptist in the following year; and thus each and all of them returned without effecting anything. In this year, on the day of the Supper, the bishop of Hereford consecrated the holy unction in the church of St. Albans [Map]. About this time, too, John Scott (deceased), earl of Chester, closed his life about Whitsuntide, having been poisoned by the agency of his wife (age 19), the daughter of Llewellyn (age 65). The life of the bishop of Lincoln (age 69), too, was also attempted by the same means, and he was with difficulty recalled from the gates of death. In the same year, in the week before Whitsuntide, there fell storms of hail which exceeded the size of apples, killing the sheep; and they were followed by continued rain.
Before Nov 1237 [his step-son] Richard de Clare 6th Earl Gloucester 5th Earl Hertford (age 15) and Margaret Burgh Countess Gloucester and Hertford (age 15) were married. She by marriage Countess Gloucester, Countess Hertford. She the daughter of Hubert de Burgh Count Mortain 1st Earl Kent (age 67) and Margaret Dunkeld Countess Kent (age 44). He the son of Gilbert Clare 5th Earl Gloucester 4th Earl Hertford and [his wife] Isabel Marshal Countess Cornwall, Gloucester and Hertford (age 37). They were half third cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England.
After Nov 1237 [his step-son] Richard de Clare 6th Earl Gloucester 5th Earl Hertford (age 15) and Maud Lacy Countess Gloucester and Hertford (age 14) were married. She by marriage Countess Gloucester, Countess Hertford. She the daughter of John Lacy Earl Lincoln (age 45) and Margaret Quincy 3rd Countess Lincoln and Pembroke (age 31). He the son of Gilbert Clare 5th Earl Gloucester 4th Earl Hertford and [his wife] Isabel Marshal Countess Cornwall, Gloucester and Hertford (age 37). They were third cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England.
On 17 Jan 1240 [his son] Nicholas Cornwall was born to Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall (age 31) and [his wife] Isabel Marshal Countess Cornwall, Gloucester and Hertford (age 39) at Berkhamsted Castle, Hertfordshire [Map]. He a grandson of King John of England.
On 17 Jan 1240 [his wife] Isabel Marshal Countess Cornwall, Gloucester and Hertford (age 39) died.
On 10 Jun 1240 William Longespée (age 32) left England in the service of Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall (age 31) with roughly a dozen English barons and several hundred knights.
Chronica Majora. "Whilst the mutability of time was thus sporting with and deluding the world with its variable occurrences, [his former brother-in-law] Earl Gilbert, marshal (age 44), had, with some other nobles, arranged a sort of tilting-match, called by some adventure," but wliich might rather be called a "misadventure;" they tried their strength about a crossbow-shot from Hertford [Map]; where he by his skill in knightly tactics, gained for himself the praise of military science, and was declared by all, considering his small size of body, to have justly distinguished himself for his valour. This was what the said earl chiefly aimed at; for he was, in the first place, destined to clerical orders, and was reported to be weak and unskilful in warlike exercises. He was, at this tournament, mounted on a noble horse, an Italian charger, to which he was not accustomed, accoutred in handsome armour, and surrounded by a dense body of soldiers, who soon afterwards, however, left him, and dispersed, intent on gain. Whilst the earl, then, was amusing himself by checking his horse at full speed, and anon goring his sides with his sharp spurs, to urge him to greater speed, and, as the case required, suddenly drew rein, both the reins suddenly broke off at the junction with the bit. By this accident the horse became unmanageable, and tossing up his head, struck his rider a violent blow on the breast. Some there were who imhesitatingly asserted that the bridle had been treacherously cut by some jealous person, in order that, being thus left at the mercy of his horse, he might be dashed to pieces and killed; or, at least, that he might be taken by his adversaries at will. Moreover, he had dined, and was nearly blinded by the heat, dust, and sweat, and his head was oppressed by the weight of his heavy helmet. His horse, too, could not be restrained by him, or any one else; but he, at the same time, fainted away, began to totter in his saddle, and soon after fell, half-dead, from his horse-with one foot, however, fixed in the stirrup; and in this manner he was dragged some distance over the field, by which he suffered some internal injuries, which caused his death. He expired in the evening of the 27th of June, amidst the deep and loudly-expressed sorrow of those who beheld him, at a house [Map] of the monks of Hertford. When he was about to breathe his last, having just received the viaticum, he made a bequest to the church of the blessed Virgin at Hertford, for the redemption of his soul. His body was afterwards opened, when his liver was discovered to be black and broken, from the force of the blows he had received. His entrails were buried in the said church, before the altar of St. Mary, to whom he had committed his spirit when dying. On the following day, his body-preceded by his [his former brother-in-law] brother (age 42), and accompanied by the whole of his family - was carried to London, to be buried [Map] near his father. At this same tournament, also, was killed one of the earl's retinue, named Robert de Saye, and his bowels were buried with those of the earl. Many other knights and men-at-arms were also wounded and seriously injured with maces, at this same tournament, because the jealousy of many of the parties concerned had converted the sport into a battle. The affairs of the cross and the interests of the Holy Land suffered great loss by the death of the said earl, for he had intended to set out for Jerusalem in the next month, without fail, having collected money from all in the country who had assumed the cross; for permission to do which, he had paid two hundred marks to the pope; following the prudent example of Earl Richard (age 32).
On 23 Nov 1243 Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall (age 34) and Sanchia Provence Queen Consort Germany (age 15) were married at Westminster Abbey [Map]. She by marriage Countess Cornwall. She the daughter of Raymond Berenguer Provence IV Count Provence (age 45) and Beatrice Savoy Countess Provence (age 45). He the son of King John of England and Isabella of Angoulême Queen Consort England (age 55). They were fourth cousins.
In Jul 1246 [his son] Unnamed Son Cornwall was born to Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall (age 37) and [his wife] Sanchia Provence Queen Consort Germany (age 18). He a grandson of King John of England.
On 26 Dec 1249 [his son] Edmund "Almain" 2nd Earl Cornwall was born to Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall (age 40) and [his wife] Sanchia Provence Queen Consort Germany (age 21). He a grandson of King John of England.
Around 1252 [his illegitimate son] Richard Cornwall was born illegitimately to Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall (age 42) and Joan Valletort (age 77) at Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire. He a grandson of King John of England.
Letters. 13 Feb 1254. Letter XII. [his sister-in-law] Eleanor of Provence Queen Consort England (age 31) and Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall (age 45) to [his brother] King Henry III of England (age 46).
To their most excellent lord, the lord Henry, by God's grace the illustrious king of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and earl of Anjou, his most devoted consort Eleanora, by the same grace queen of England, and his devoted and faithful Richard earl of Cornwall, send health with all reverence and honour.
Be it known to your revered lordship that the lords the earl marshall (age 45) and John de Bailiol (age 46), being hindered at sea by a contrary wind during twelve days, came to us in England on the Wednesday after the Purification of Blessed Mary last past.
We had been treating with your prelates and the magnates of your kingdom of England before the advent of the said Earl and John, on the quinzaines of St. Hilary last past about your subsidy, and after the arrival of the said Earl and John, with certain of the aforesaid prelates and magnates, the archbishops and bishops answered us that if the King of Castile (age 32) should come against you in Gascony each of them would assist you from his own property, so that you would be under perpetual obli gations to them; but with regard to granting you an aid from their clergy, they could do nothing without the assent of the said clergy; nor do they believe that their clergy can be induced to give you any help, unless the tenth of clerical goods granted to you for the first year of the crusade, which should begin in the present year, might be relaxed at once by your letters patent, and the collection of the said tenth for the said crusade, for the two following years, might be put in respite up to the term of two years before your passage to the Holy Land; and they will give diligence and treat with the clergy submitted to them, to induce them to assist you according to that form with a tenth of their benefices, in case the King of Castile should attack you in Gascony; but at the departure of the bearer of these presents no subsidy had as yet been granted by the aforesaid clergy. Moreover, as we have elsewhere signified to you, if the King of Castile should come against you in Gascony, all the earls and barons of your kingdom, who are able to cross the sea, will come to you in Gascony, with all their power; but from the other laymen who do not sail over to you we do not think that we can obtain any help for your use, unless you write to your lieutenants in England firmly to maintain your great charters of liberties, and to let this be distinctly perceived by your letters to each Sheriff of your kingdom, and publicly proclaimed through each county of the said kingdom; since, by this means, they would be more strongly animated cheerfully to grant you aid; for many persons complain that the aforesaid charters are not kept by your sheriffs and other bailiffs as they ought to be kept. Be it known, therefore, to your lordship, that we shall hold a conference with the aforesaid clergy and laity at Westminster, in the quinzaines of Passover next, about the aforesaid aid, and we supplicate your lordship that you will write us your good pleasure concerning these affairs with the utmost possible haste. For you will find us prepared and devoted, according to our power, to solicit the aforesaid aid for your use, and to do and procure all other things ....* which can contribute to your convenience and the increase of your honour. Given at Windsor [Map], the 13th of February, in the thirty-eighth year of your reign.
On 09 Nov 1261 [his wife] Sanchia Provence Queen Consort Germany (age 33) died at Berkhamsted Castle, Hertfordshire [Map].
On 14 May 1264 the army of Simon de Montfort 6th Earl of Leicester 1st Earl Chester (age 56) including Gilbert "Red Earl" Clare 7th Earl Gloucester 6th Earl Hertford (age 20), Henry Hastings (age 29) and Nicholas Segrave 1st Baron Segrave (age 26) defeated the army of [his brother] King Henry III of England (age 56) during the Battle of Lewes at Lewes [Map].
King Henry III of England, his son, the future, King Edward I of England (age 24), Humphrey Bohun 2nd Earl Hereford 1st Earl Essex (age 60), Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall (age 55), John "Red" Comyn 1st Lord Baddenoch (age 44), Philip Marmion 5th Baron Marmion (age 30) and John Giffard 1st Baron Giffard Brimpsfield (age 32) were captured. John Warenne 6th Earl of Surrey (age 33), John Balliol (age 56), Robert Bruce 5th Lord Annandale (age 49), Roger Leybourne (age 49) and [his half-brother] William de Valence 1st Earl Pembroke fought for the King. [his half-brother] Guy Lusignan was killed. Fulk IV Fitzwarin (age 44) drowned. Bishop Walter de Cantelupe (age 73) was present and blessed the Montfort army before the battle.
On 05 May 1269 [his son] Henry "Almain" Cornwall (age 33) and [his daughter-in-law] Constance Béarn were married at Windsor Castle [Map]. He the son of Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall (age 60) and [his former wife] Isabel Marshal Countess Cornwall, Gloucester and Hertford. He a grandson of King John of England.
On 16 Jun 1269 Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall (age 60) and Beatrice Falkenburg Countess Cornwall were married at Kaiserslautern [Map]. She by marriage Countess Cornwall. He the son of King John of England and Isabella of Angoulême Queen Consort England.
On 03 Aug 1271 John Plantagenet (age 5) died at Wallingford, Oxfordshire [Map] whilst in the care of his great uncle Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall (age 62). He was buried at Westminster Abbey [Map].
On 02 Apr 1272 Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall (age 63) died at Berkhamsted Castle, Hertfordshire [Map]. He was buried at Hailes Abbey [Map]. His son [his son] Edmund "Almain" 2nd Earl Cornwall (age 22) succeeded 2nd Earl Cornwall.
[his illegitimate son] Philip Cornwall was born illegitimately to Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall and Joan Valletort. He a grandson of King John of England.
[his illegitimate son] Walter Plantagenet was born illegitimately to Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall and Joan Valletort. He a grandson of King John of England.
[his illegitimate daughter] Isabel Plantagenet was born illegitimately to Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall and Joan Valletort. She a granddaughter of King John of England.
[his illegitimate daughter] Joan Plantagenet was born illegitimately to Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall and Joan Valletort. She a granddaughter of King John of England.
Chronica Majora. About the same time, Earl Richard, the king's brother, Earl G. Marshal, John, earl of Chester and Lincoln, the earl of Salisbury [Note. Unclear as to who this is referring since the last Earl of Salisbury [his uncle] William "Longsword" Longespee Earl Salisbury died in 1226 and his wife Ela of Salisbury 3rd Countess of Salisbury, de jure Earl of Salisbury, remained unmarried], G. de Lucy, his brother, Richard Seward, and many other nobles, assumed the cross. Earl Rchard at once ordered his woods to be cut down and sold, and endeavoured by all the means in his power to raise money to sustain his pilgrimage. Not long afterwards, by means of Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, and (as was reported) Peter de Eivaulx, Richard Seward unjustly incurred the king's anger, and was taken and imprisoned; but was soon afterwards released with the same ease.
Kings Wessex: Great x 5 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings England: Son of King John of England
Kings Scotland: Great x 4 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 11 Grand Son of Louis "Pious" King Aquitaine I King Franks
Kings France: Great x 5 Grand Son of Robert "Pious" II King France
Queen Catherine Howard of England
Brigadier-General Charles FitzClarence
Great x 4 Grandfather: Geoffrey "Ferréol" Anjou 2nd Count Gâtinais
Great x 3 Grandfather: Fulk "Réchin" Anjou 4th Count Anjou
Great x 4 Grandmother: Ermengarde Blanche Ingelger Duchess Burgundy
Great x 2 Grandfather: Fulk "Young" King Jerusalem
Great x 4 Grandfather: Simon Montfort
Great x 3 Grandmother: Bertrade Montfort Queen Consort France
Great x 4 Grandmother: Agnès of Normandy
Great x 1 Grandfather: Geoffrey Plantagenet Duke Normandy
Great x 4 Grandfather: Jean de la Flèche La Flèche De Baugency
Great x 3 Grandfather: Elias La Flèche De Baugency I Count Maine
Great x 4 Grandmother: Paula Maine
Great x 2 Grandmother: Ermengarde La Flèche De Baugency Countess Anjou
Great x 4 Grandfather: Gervais II Lord Chateau Du Loir
Great x 3 Grandmother: Matilda Chateau Du Loir Countess Maine
GrandFather: King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England Grand Son of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert "Magnificent" Normandy I Duke Normandy
Great x 3 Grandfather: King William "Conqueror" I of England -2 x Great Grand Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Herleva Falaise
Great x 2 Grandfather: King Henry I "Beauclerc" England Son of King William "Conqueror" I of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Baldwin "The Good" V Count Flanders
Great x 3 Grandmother: Matilda Flanders Queen Consort England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Adela Capet Duchess Normandy
Great x 1 Grandmother: Empress Matilda Daughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Duncan I of Scotland
Great x 3 Grandfather: King Malcolm III of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Bethóc Unknown Queen Consort Scotland
Great x 2 Grandmother: Edith aka Matilda Dunkeld Queen Consort England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Edward "The Exile" Wessex
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Wessex Queen Consort Scotland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Agatha
Father: King John of England Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William "Great" V Duke Aquitaine
Great x 3 Grandfather: Guy William Poitiers VIII Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandmother: Agnes Ivrea Duchess Aquitaine
Great x 2 Grandfather: William "Troubadour" Poitiers IX Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert I Duke Burgundy
Great x 3 Grandmother: Hildegarde Burgundy Duchess Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandmother: Ermengarde Blanche Ingelger Duchess Burgundy
Great x 1 Grandfather: William "Saint" Poitiers X Duke Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: Pons Rouerge Margrave Provence
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Rouerge Duke Narbonne
Great x 4 Grandmother: Almodis La Marche Margrave Provence
Great x 2 Grandmother: Philippa Rouerge Duchess Aquitaine
Great x 4 Grandfather: Robert Mortain Count Mortain 1st Earl Cornwall
Great x 3 Grandmother: Emma Mortain Duchess Narbonne
Great x 4 Grandmother: Matilda or Maud Montgomery
GrandMother: Eleanor of Aquitaine Queen Consort Franks and England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Aimery Chatellerault Viscount Châtellerault
Great x 1 Grandmother: Aenor Chatellerault Duchess Aquitaine
Great x 3 Grandfather: Bartholomew Île Bouchard
Great x 2 Grandmother: Dangereuse Ile Bouchard Viscountess Chatellerault
Richard of Cornwall 1st Earl Cornwall Son of King John of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Fulk Angoulême I Count Angoulême
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Angoulême V Count Angoulême
Great x 2 Grandfather: Wulfgrin Angoulême II Count Angoulême
Great x 3 Grandmother: Vitapoy Benauges Countess Angoulême
Great x 1 Grandfather: William "Taillefer" Angoulême VI Count Angoulême
Great x 4 Grandfather: Roger "The Great" Montgomery 1st Earl of Shrewsbury
Great x 3 Grandfather: Roger "The Poitevin" Montgomery Viscount Hiemois
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mabel Belleme
Great x 2 Grandmother: Pontia La Marche Countess Angoulême
Great x 4 Grandfather: Aldebert La Marche II Count La Marche
Great x 3 Grandmother: Almodis La Marche
GrandFather: Aymer Angoulême I Count Angoulême
Mother: Isabella of Angoulême Queen Consort England
Great x 4 Grandfather: King Henry I of France
Great x 3 Grandfather: King Philip I of France
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Rurik Queen Consort France
Great x 2 Grandfather: King Louis VI of France
Great x 4 Grandfather: Floris Gerulfing I Count Holland
Great x 3 Grandmother: Bertha Gerulfing Queen Consort France
Great x 4 Grandmother: Gertrude Billung Countess Holland
Great x 1 Grandfather: Peter Courtenay
Great x 4 Grandfather: Amadeus Savoy II Count Savoy
Great x 3 Grandfather: Humbert "Fat" Savoy II Count Savoy
Great x 2 Grandmother: Adelaide Savoy Queen Consort France
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Ivrea I Count Burgundy
Great x 3 Grandmother: Gisela Ivrea Countess Savoy
Great x 4 Grandmother: Ettiennette Countess Burgundy
GrandMother: Alice Courtenay Countess Angoulême
Great x 4 Grandfather: Joscelin Courtenay
Great x 3 Grandfather: Miles Courtenay
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elisabeth Montlhéry
Great x 2 Grandfather: Renaud Courtenay
Great x 4 Grandfather: Renaud II Count Nevers and Count Auxerre
Great x 3 Grandmother: Ermengarde of Nevers
Great x 4 Grandmother: Ida of Forez
Great x 1 Grandmother: Elizabeth Courtenay
Great x 2 Grandmother: Helene du Donjon