Biography of William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne 1592-1676

Paternal Family Tree: Cavendish

Maternal Family Tree: Elizabeth Bettershorne 1353-1427

1608 Death of Bess of Hardwick

1643 Trial and Execution of the Hothams

1643 Battle of Gainsborough

On 25 Oct 1557 [his grandfather] William Cavendish (age 52) died.

Before 06 Dec 1592 [his father] Charles Cavendish (age 39) and [his mother] Catherine Ogle 8th Baroness Ogle (age 22) were married. He the son of [his grandfather] William Cavendish and [his grandmother] Bess of Hardwick Countess Shrewsbury and Waterford (age 65). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward IV of England.

On 06 Dec 1592 William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne was born to Charles Cavendish (age 39) and Catherine Ogle 8th Baroness Ogle (age 22) at Handsworth Manor.

On 20 Nov 1597 [his grandfather] Cuthbert Ogle 7th Baron Ogle (age 57) died at Cockle Park, Northumberland [Map]. Baron Ogle abeyant between his two daughters [his aunt] Joane Ogle Countess Shrewsbury and Waterford (age 31) and [his mother] Catherine Ogle 8th Baroness Ogle (age 27).

Death of Bess of Hardwick

On 13 Feb 1608 [his grandmother] Bess of Hardwick (age 81) died. She was buried in All Saints Church, Derby [Map]. Her monument, which she had constructed before her death, was designed by Robert Smythson (age 38). She left nothing in her will for her 'bad son' [his uncle] Henry Cavendish (age 57). He did, however, inherit Chatsworth House [Map] which he subsequently sold in 1609 to his brother [his uncle] William Cavendish 1st Earl Devonshire (age 55) for £10,000.

The date of her funeral somewhat complicated. Rawsons 1910 book "Bess of Hardwick and her Circle" quotes Simpson's National Records of Derby for 1608: "The old Countess of Shrewsbury died about Candlemas this year, whose funeral was about Holy Thursday. A great frost this year. The witches of Bakewell hanged." Holy Thursday, the Feast of the Ascension, is thirty-nine days after Easter. Easter in 1608 was on the 6th of April, putting Holy Thursday on the 15th of May.

Ethel Carleton Williams "Bess of Hardwick", 1959, has a note: "9. The date of Bess of Hardwick's funeral is uncertain. The date on the coffin plate is said to be February 1608 (Cox and Hope, Chronicles of the Collegiate Church of All Saints, Derby), but on 31 March 1608 Gilbert Talbot wrote to Robert Cecil, excusing himself for not attending St George's Feast on the ground that his mother-in-law's funeral was to be on St George's Day (23 April). Later, on 3rd of April, the Earl of Arundel wrote to Gilbert (his father-in-law), 'the funeral at Derby is appointed to be either on the fourth or fifth of May, which Garter yet knoweth not, but rather thinketh on the fourth because the other is a holy day'".

Neither of which provide a definite answer. The former being around the 15th of May, the latter 'rather thinketh' the 4th of May. Are there any other contemporary sources available?

In 1610 William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 17) was appointed Knight of the Bath.

After 1610 William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 17) and Elizabeth Bassett Countess Newcastle upon Tyne (age 18) were married. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward IV of England.

Before 1616 Henry Howard (age 23) and [his wife] Elizabeth Bassett Countess Newcastle upon Tyne (age 23) were married. He the son of Thomas Howard 1st Earl Suffolk (age 54) and Catherine Knyvet Countess Suffolk (age 51).

In 1622 [his daughter] Jane Cavendish was born to William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 29) and [his wife] Elizabeth Bassett Countess Newcastle upon Tyne (age 30).

On 10 Jan 1623 [his grandmother] Catherine Carnaby Baroness Ogle (age 80) died.

Around 1626 [his son] Charles Cavendish was born to William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 33) and [his wife] Elizabeth Bassett Countess Newcastle upon Tyne (age 34).

In 1627 [his daughter] Elizabeth Cavendish Countess Bridgewater was born to William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 34) and [his wife] Elizabeth Bassett Countess Newcastle upon Tyne (age 35).

On 07 Mar 1628 William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 35) was created 1st Earl Newcastle upon Tyne. [his wife] Elizabeth Bassett Countess Newcastle upon Tyne (age 36) by marriage Countess Newcastle upon Tyne.

On 18 Apr 1629 [his mother] Catherine Ogle 8th Baroness Ogle (age 59) died at Bothal, Northumberland [Map]. Her son William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 36) succeeded 9th Baron Ogle.

On 24 Jun 1630 [his son] Henry Cavendish 2nd Duke Newcastle upon Tyne was born to William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 37) and [his wife] Elizabeth Bassett Countess Newcastle upon Tyne (age 38) at Handsworth Manor.

In 1639 William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 46) was appointed Privy Council.

In 1641 [his son-in-law] John Egerton 2nd Earl Bridgewater (age 17) and [his daughter] Elizabeth Cavendish Countess Bridgewater (age 14) were married. She the daughter of William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 48) and [his wife] Elizabeth Bassett Countess Newcastle upon Tyne (age 49). He the son of John Egerton 1st Earl Bridgewater (age 62) and Frances Stanley Countess Bridgewater. They were fourth cousins. He a great x 4 grandson of King Henry VII of England and Ireland. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward IV of England.

Trial and Execution of the Hothams

Around Feb 1643, John Hotham (age 33) was ready to switch to the Royalist side. He considered himself a better commander than Thomas Fairfax 3rd Lord Fairfax (age 31) and resented being under his command. In February or March 1643, Hotham started negotiating with the William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 50), the Royalist commander in Yorkshire at Bridlington, supposedly about a prisoner exchange. In exchange for surrendering Hull and changing sides, Hotham demanded 20,000 pounds cash, the rank of viscount for his father and the rank of baron for himself.

On 17 Apr 1643 [his wife] Elizabeth Bassett Countess Newcastle upon Tyne (age 51) died at Bolsover, Derbyshire [Map].

Battle of Gainsborough

On 31 Jul 1643 Francis Willoughby 5th Baron Willoughby of Parham surrendered Gainsborough [Map] to William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 50) after a three day siege.

In 1645 William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 52) and Margaret Lucas Duchess Newcastle upon Tyne (age 22) were married. The difference in their ages was 30 years. They were fourth cousins. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward IV of England.

In 1645 Charles Lucas (age 32) commanded the forces attacking Nottingham, and soon afterwards, on the recommendation of Prince Rupert (age 25), he was made lieutenant-general of the Duke of Newcastle's (age 52) Northern army.

In 1650 William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 57) was appointed 450th Knight of the Garter by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 19).

In 1652 [his son] Henry Cavendish 2nd Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 21) and [his daughter-in-law] Frances Pierrepont Duchess Newcastle upon Tyne (age 21) were married. He the son of William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 59) and [his former wife] Elizabeth Bassett Countess Newcastle upon Tyne. They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 5 grandson of King Edward IV of England.

Evelyn's Diary. 15 Aug 1654. We passed next through Sherwood Forest, accounted the most extensive in England. Then, Paplewick, an incomparable vista with the pretty castle near it. Thence, we saw Newstead Abbey [Map], belonging to the Lord Byron (age 48), situated much like Fontainebleau in France, capable of being made a noble seat, accommodated as it is with brave woods and streams; it has yet remaining the front of a glorious abbey church. Next, by Mansfield town; then Welbeck [Map], the house of the Marquis of Newcastle (age 61), seated in a bottom in a park, and environed with woods, a noble yet melancholy seat. The palace is a handsome and stately building. Next to Worksop Abbey [Map], almost demolished; the church has a double flat tower entire, and a pretty gate. The manor belongs to the Earl of Arundel (age 27), and has to it a fair house at the foot of a hill in a park that affords a delicate prospect. Tickel, a town and castle, has a very noble prospect. All these in Nottinghamshire.

On 24 Nov 1654 [his son-in-law] Oliver St John 2nd Earl Bolingbroke (age 21) and [his daughter] Frances Cavendish Countess Bolingbroke were married. She the daughter of William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 61) and [his former wife] Elizabeth Bassett Countess Newcastle upon Tyne. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward IV of England.

Before 14 Jul 1657 [his son-in-law] Charles Cheyne 1st Viscount Newhaven (age 31) and [his daughter] Jane Cavendish (age 35) were married. She the daughter of William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 64) and [his former wife] Elizabeth Bassett Countess Newcastle upon Tyne. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward IV of England.

Pepy's Diary. 26 Oct 1661. So at the office all the morning, and in the afternoon Sir W. Pen (age 40), my wife and I to the Theatre [Map], and there saw "The Country Captain", the first time it hath been acted this twenty-five years, a play of my Lord Newcastle's (age 68), but so silly a play as in all my life I never saw, and the first that ever I was weary of in my life.

In 1665 William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 72) was created 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne by King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland (age 34). [his wife] Margaret Lucas Duchess Newcastle upon Tyne (age 42) by marriage Duchess Newcastle upon Tyne.

John Reresby's Diary 05 Aug 1665. 05 Aug 1665. The Duchess (age 28) in her return lay at Welbeck [Map], the old Duke of Newcastle (age 72) being alive, where she was splendidly entertained, the Duke of York (age 31) having directed that the same respect should be paid her wherever she passed as if he were present. The Duke of Buckingham (age 37) and my [his son] Lord Ogle (age 35) had a quarrel there.

Evelyn's Diary. 18 Apr 1667. I went to make court to the Duke (age 74) and [his wife] Duchess (age 44) of Newcastle, at their house in Clerkenwell, being newly come out of the north. They received me with great kindness, and I was much pleased with the extraordinary fanciful habit, garb, and discourse of the Duchess.

Evelyn's Diary. 25 Apr 1667. Visited again the Duke of Newcastle (age 74), with whom I had been acquainted long before in France, where the [his wife] Duchess (age 44) had obligation to my wife's (age 32) mother for her marriage there; she was sister to [his brother-in-law] Lord Lucas (age 60), and maid of honor then to the Queen-Mother (age 57); married in our chapel at Paris. My wife being with me, the Duke and Duchess both would needs bring her to the very Court.

Pepy's Diary. 10 May 1667. Then to my Lord Treasurer's (age 60), but missed Sir Ph. Warwicke (age 57), and so back again, and drove hard towards Clerkenwell1, thinking to have overtaken my [his wife] Lady Newcastle (age 44), whom I saw before us in her coach, with 100 boys and girls running looking upon her but I could not: and so she got home before I could come up to her. But I will get a time to see her. So to the office and did more business, and then home and sang with pleasure with my wife, and to supper and so to bed.

Note 1. At Newcastle House, Clerkenwell Close, the duke (age 74) and duchess lived in great state. The house was divided, and let in tenements in the eighteenth century.

Evelyn's Diary. 11 May 1667. To London; dined with the Duke of Newcastle (age 74), and sat discoursing with her [his wife] Grace (age 44) in her bedchamber after dinner, till my Lord Marquis of Dorchester (age 61), with other company came in, when I went away.

On 25 Dec 1676 William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 84) died at Welbeck Abbey, Nottinghamshire [Map]. He was buried at Westminster Abbey [Map]. His son [his son] Henry Cavendish 2nd Duke Newcastle upon Tyne (age 46) succeeded 2nd Duke Newcastle upon Tyne, 2nd Earl Newcastle upon Tyne, 10th Baron Ogle.[his daughter-in-law] Frances Pierrepont Duchess Newcastle upon Tyne (age 46) by marriage Duchess Newcastle upon Tyne.

On 15 Dec 1717 [his former wife] Margaret Lucas Duchess Newcastle upon Tyne (age 94) died.

[his daughter] Frances Cavendish Countess Bolingbroke was born to William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne and Elizabeth Bassett Countess Newcastle upon Tyne.

Royal Ancestors of William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne 1592-1676

Kings Wessex: Great x 17 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 12 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 18 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 13 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings England: Great x 4 Grand Son of King Edward IV of England

Kings Scotland: Great x 16 Grand Son of King Duncan I of Scotland

Kings Franks: Great x 13 Grand Son of Louis VII King Franks

Kings France: Great x 10 Grand Son of Philip IV King France

Royal Descendants of William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne 1592-1676

Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom

Queen Consort Camilla Shand

Diana Spencer Princess Wales

Ancestors of William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne 1592-1676

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Cavendish

Great x 3 Grandfather: William Cavendish

Great x 4 Grandmother: Joan Clopton

Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Cavendish

Great x 3 Grandmother: Joan Staventon

Great x 1 Grandfather: Thomas Cavendish 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: John Scudamore

Great x 2 Grandmother: Catherine Scudamore 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Owain ap Gruffudd "Glyndŵr" Mathrafal Prince Powys 3 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Alys Mathrafal 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Hamner

GrandFather: William Cavendish 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: John Carrington Smith

Great x 1 Grandmother: Alice Smith

Father: Charles Cavendish 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: John Harwick

Great x 1 Grandfather: John Hardwick 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Pinchbeck

Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Pinchbeck 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Green 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Anne Greene 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary aka Marina Bellers

GrandMother: Bess of Hardwick Countess Shrewsbury and Waterford 8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Leeke of Cotham

Great x 3 Grandfather: William Leeke of Lakeford

Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Leeke of Hasland

Great x 1 Grandmother: Elizabeth Leeke

Great x 4 Grandfather: William Vaux

Great x 3 Grandfather: William Vaux of Harrowden

Great x 2 Grandmother: Margaret Vaux

William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward IV of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Owen Ogle 2nd Baron Ogle 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Ralph Ogle 3rd Baron Ogle 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Robert Ogle 4th Baron Ogle 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: William Gascoigne 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Gascoigne Baroness Ogle 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Percy 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Robert Ogle 5th Baron Ogle Great Grand Son of King Edward IV of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: George Lumley 2nd Baron Lumley 8 x Great Grand Son of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Thomas Lumley 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Thornton Baroness Lumley 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Anne Lumley Baroness Ogle Grand Daughter of King Edward IV of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: King Edward IV of England 2 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth York Daughter of King Edward IV of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Waite

GrandFather: Cuthbert Ogle 7th Baron Ogle 2 x Great Grand Son of King Edward IV of England

Mother: Catherine Ogle 8th Baroness Ogle 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward IV of England

Great x 1 Grandfather: Reginald Carnaby

GrandMother: Catherine Carnaby Baroness Ogle 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Forster III

Great x 1 Grandmother: Dorothy Forster 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Owen Ogle 2nd Baron Ogle 5 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Ralph Ogle 3rd Baron Ogle 6 x Great Grand Son of King Edward I of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Dorothy Ogle 5 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: William Gascoigne 4 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Gascoigne Baroness Ogle 4 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Percy 3 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England