Culture, England, Crown, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland

Lord Lieutenant of Ireland is in Lieutenant.

1311 Exile of Piers Gaveston

1447 Richard York appointed Lieutenant of Ireland

1671 Blood Steals the Crown Jewels

1803 Creation of Garter Knights

After 02 Dec 1307 Piers Gaveston 1st Earl Cornwall (age 23) was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

Exile of Piers Gaveston

In Apr 1311 Parliament exiled Piers Gaveston 1st Earl Cornwall (age 27). Piers Gaveston 1st Earl Cornwall was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland by King Edward II of England (age 26) who immediately started to plot for his return.

On 19 Apr 1319 Thomas Beauchamp 11th Earl Warwick (age 6) and Katherine Mortimer Countess Warwick (age 5) were married. She by marriage Countess Warwick. An arranged marriage although not clear who arranged it or whose ward Thomas Beauchamp 11th Earl Warwick was (his father Guy Beauchamp 10th Earl Warwick had died four years before) - possibly by King Edward II of England (age 34) as a means of securing the Welsh March. The Beauchamp family established, the Mortimer family aspirational. The marriage took place after Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March (age 31) had returned from his tenure as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and before he rebelled against King Edward II of England in opposition to Hugh "Younger" Despencer 1st Baron Despencer (age 33). She the daughter of Roger Mortimer 1st Earl March and Joan Geneville Baroness Mortimer 2nd Baroness Geneville (age 33). He the son of Guy Beauchamp 10th Earl Warwick and Alice Tosny Countess Warwick (age 34). They were half second cousin once removed. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King John of England.

In 1372 Richard Pembridge (age 52) refused the offer of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and as a result was somewhat disgraced thereafter.

In 1386 John Stanley (age 36) was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

In 1413 John Stanley (age 63) was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

In 1428 John Sutton 1st Baron Dudley (age 27) was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

In 1438 Lionel Welles 6th Baron Welles (age 32) was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

Richard York appointed Lieutenant of Ireland

On 30 Jul 1447 Richard Duke of York (age 35) was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. An attempt by the Council to isolate Richard.

On 19 Jul 1483 Edward York Prince of Wales (age 9) was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

Diary of Edward VI. 18 Jan 1551. The lord Cobhame (age 54) was apointed to bee generall lieutenant of Irland.1

Note 1. "Jan. xix. Upon consideracion that the French king maketh greate preparacion of warres by sea, specially in Brettaigne, and that he hath alreadie Scotland in possession, being thought by great presumpoions he should meane some enterprise into Irelande, it was resolved preparacions should be made for his resistence both by sea and land: and by the King's owne eleccion the lorde Cobham appointed lieutenant for that purpose." On the 28th the council addressed "A letter to the deputie of Irelande, advertising him of the counsaill's determination touching the sending over of the lord Cobham with a power this next spring, with further circumstances as by the mynute appeareth." (Council Book.) This was afterwards found unnecessary: see the note in p. 310.

In 1599 Robert Devereux 2nd Earl Essex (age 33) was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

Blood Steals the Crown Jewels

On 09 May 1671 Colonel Thomas Blood (age 53) attempted to steal the Crown Jewels from the Tower of London [Map]. He was captured whilst trying to escape the Tower of London [Map] with the Crown. Following his capture he refused to to answer to anyone but the King (age 40). He was questioned by the King and Prince Rupert Palatinate Simmern 1st Duke Cumberland (age 51). For unknown reasons he was pardoned by the King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland and rewarded with land in Ireland worth £500 per year much to the irritation of James Butler 1st Duke Ormonde (age 60), Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, whom Blood had attempted to kidnap twice before.

Evelyn's Diary. 18 Apr 1680. My Lord was not long since come from his Lord-Lieutenancy of Ireland, where he showed his abilities in administration and government, as well as prudence in considerably augmenting his estate without reproach. He had been Ambassador-extraordinary in Denmark, and, in a word, such a person as became the son of that worthy hero his father to be, the late Lord Capel, who lost his life for King Charles I.

Evelyn's Diary. 02 Sep 1685. Lord Clarendon (Lord Privy Seale) wrote to let me know that the King being pleas'd to send him Lord Lieutenant into Ireland, was also pleas'd to nominate me one of the Commissrs to execute ye office of Privy Seale during his Lieutenancy there, it behoving me to wait upon his Ma* to give him thanks for this greate honour.

Evelyn's Diary. 26 Oct 1685. We return'd to London, having ben treated with all sorts of cheere and noble freedom by that most religious and vertuous lady. She was now preparing to go for Ireland with her husband, made Lord Deputy, and went to this country-house and antient seate of her father and family, to set things in order during her absence; but never were good people and neighbours more concern'd than all the country (the poor especialy) for the departure of this charitable woman; every one was in teares, and she as unwilling to part from them. There was amongst them a maiden of primitive life, the daughter of a poore labouring man, who had sustain'd her parents (sometime since dead) by her labour, and has for many years refus'd marriage, or to receive any assistance from the parish, besides yc little hermitage my lady gives her rent-free; she lives on foure pence a day, which she gets by spinning; says she abounds and can give almes to others, Jiving in greate humility and content, without any apparent affectation or singularity; she is continualy working, praying or reading, gives a good account of her knowledge in religion, visites the sick; is not in the least given to talke; very modest, of a simple not unseemly behaviour; of a comely countenance, clad very plaine, but cleane and tight. In sum, she appeares a saint of an extraordinary sort, in so religious a life as is seldom met with in villages now a-daies.

In 1693 Henry Sidney 1st Earl Romney (age 51) was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

Evelyn's Diary. 08 Dec 1700. Great alterations of officers at Court, and elsewhere, - Lord Chief Justice Treby died; he was a learned man in his profession, of which we have now few, never fewer; the Chancery requiring so little skill in deep law-learning, if the practicer can talk eloquently in that Court; so that probably few care to study the law to any purpose. Lord Marlborough (age 50) Master of the Ordnance, in place of Lord Romney (age 59) made Groom of the Stole. The Earl of Rochester (age 58) goes Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

In 1710. John James Baker. Known as "Whig Junto". From www.tate.org ... This is a portrait of a political group named the Whig Junto and a Black servant, whose identity is unknown. It is the only known portrait of the Junto, which was an ideologically close-knit group of political peers who formed the leadership of the Whig party in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The members of the group are shown gathered together on a grand terrace, while a vista onto a garden is revealed by the Black servant, who holds back a heavy velvet curtain. The grand architectural setting is imagined, and is deliberately evocative of power and status. The picture was commissioned by Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford (age 57), who stands on the right, as if welcoming the company. It is not known if Orford had a Black servant in his household or whether the individual was included to emphasise Orford's wealth and social standing. At the time, Britain was profiting heavily from the trade of enslaved people from West Africa. The presence of Black servants, many of whom were enslaved, in both aristocratic and merchant households had come to symbolise property and wealth. This reflected the dehumanising view of enslaved Black people held by the British elite.

The scene conjures one of the Junto's country house meetings where, in between parliamentary sessions, policy and party strategy were formulated. From left to right the sitters round the table can be identified as Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland (age 34); Thomas Wharton, 1st Marquess of Wharton (age 61); John Somers, 1st Baron Somers (1C 1697) (age 58); Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax (age 48); and William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire (age 38). The lavish surroundings probably represent Orford's house, Chippenham, where Junto meetings sometimes took place. It was also ideally located for the nearby Newmarket horse races, which the members of the Junto frequently attended when parliament was not sitting.

The portrait is dated 1710, before the crushing electoral defeat of the Whigs in October of that year. It shows the political allies while in power, when Sunderland was Secretary of State, Wharton Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Somers Lord President of the Privy Council, Devonshire Lord Steward and a member of the Privy Council, and Orford First Lord of the Admiralty. On the surface the portrait shows a relaxed gathering of fellow connoisseurs, seated round a table consulting antique medals and books of prints. Fittingly, Somers and Halifax sit at the centre of the company, holding a book and handling a medal respectively. Both were known collectors and antiquarians - Somers was one of the founders of the Whig Kit-Cat Club, a convivial drinking and dining club, but which also had a political propagandist agenda; he had also purchased the Resta collection of drawings from Italy in 1709. Halifax had a celebrated library and a collection of antique medals (sold in 1740), to which those being consulted presumably allude. Behind this exterior of cultural appreciation, however, the portrait advertises Whig policy in 1709-10, which supported the continuation of war against France in opposition to Tory calls for peace. The two visible prints are friezes from Trajan's column showing episodes from the Dacian wars, with the Roman army crossing the Danube. The viewer is invited to make parallels between the valour and victories of the Roman emperors and the current military greatness achieved for Britain by the Duke of Marlborough's campaigns. The globe, showing the Pacific, presumably alludes to Whig foreign policy ambitions beyond Europe. By defeating France in Europe, they aimed to gain commercial access to Spanish American trade routes. It reflects the competitive European colonial pursuit of new markets, including the selling of enslaved West African people to Spanish territories overseas.

John James Baker (or Backer, or Bakker) is thought to have been Flemish, from Antwerp. He was Godfrey Kneller's (age 63) (1646-1723) long-time studio assistant and drapery painter, and this is his largest, most ambitious and complex work. The symbolic programme was presumably devised by Orford in discussion with Baker. The Duke of Devonshire was not a regular member of the Junto, although an increasingly important Whig peer, but his inclusion here is presumably because of his kinship relationship with Orford. The picture is thus a demonstration of Orford's private as well as professional networks, and also his pride and ambition. It would have been displayed at Chippenham in the newly appointed, fashionable interiors, alongside other works that Orford commissioned to advertise his public achievement and the private and professional networks that sustained his power and influence.

In 1720 Charles Fitzroy 2nd Duke Grafton (age 36) was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

In 1765 Thomas Thynne 1st Marquess of Bath (age 30) was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

In 1776 John Hobart 2nd Earl Buckinghamshire (age 52) was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

On 11 Feb 1784 Charles Manners 4th Duke Rutland (age 29) was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

1803 Creation of Garter Knights

In 1803 King George III of Great Britain and Ireland (age 64) created new Garter Knights as follows:

624th John Henry Manners 5th Duke Rutland (age 25).

625th Philip Yorke 3rd Earl of Hardwicke (age 45). His brother Admiral Joseph Sydney Yorke (age 34) stood in for the Earl at the investiture since the Earl was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland at the time and unable to be present.

In 1817 Charles Chetwynd-Talbot 2nd Earl Talbot (age 39) was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

In 1915 Ivor Churchill Guest 1st Viscount Wimborne (age 41) was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.