Letters and Papers 1533. 27 Jan 1533. Vienna Archives. 89. Chapuys (age 43) to Charles V.

Three days ago received the Emperor's letters of the 27th ult., concerning the visit of the Emperor and the Pope to Bologna, and the exploit of the prince of Melphi. Communicated part of it to the duke of Norfolk (age 60), to be reported to the King, who was in the country. The Duke was pleased with the news, and thanked me for my good offices, saying they would be as agreeable to the King as to himself. I told him your Majesty was very desirous to preserve friendship, and had such confidence in the King that you would not conceal any of your affairs; you were pleased to hear that the two Cardinals were coming to Italy at the King's instance, and had put off treating with the Pope until their arrival. Said this partly on account of their refusal to allow ambassadors at the interview at Calais, but chiefly because the French ambassador had said that your Majesty wished to settle everything before the Cardinals arrived, but the Pope refused. Norfolk praised your intention, and said the Cardinals had already arrived at Bologna, and were honourably received. He spoke of the sumptuousness of their train, and wondered how they could assemble so great a company in so short a time, as it was agreed by the Kings that they should only take 24 horses between them. When I tried to find out the cause of their mission, he excused himself as before by his illness, which prevented him from attending to business. He said he wished the Emperor had been at St. Omer at the same time, for then the interview would not have been without his presence. I replied, that I thought they did not want many witnesses, as they prevented ambassadors from coming. He said the reason of this was that the object was not to make treaties, but only enjoyment, and it was not worth while to give ambassadors the trouble of coming, but that the presence of your Majesty's would have been the cause of proposing many important matters. I suggested that, perhaps, the Cardinals had orders to put forward what the Kings had wished to treat with your Majesty, and, if it was feasible, they might remedy your Majesty's absence at the inverview. The Duke hoped this would happen, and said that though the Cardinals were good men, and privy councillors of the French king, they only knew the outside of affairs, and everything was in the hands of the Chancellor, Grand Master, and Admiral, all of whom he praised, but especially the Admiral. The Grand Master he liked least of the three.

Letters and Papers 1533. 27 Jan 1533. 89. I do not think much notice will be taken here of the brief for the removal of the Lady, of which May and Ortis have informed me, as it is neither precise, nor is it the excommunication threatened by the first (reaggravatoire du premier) granted at Bologna. They will hope that the Pope will give a secret relaxation of this as he did of the other.

It seems that as the process is rife for referring the sentence, this is done only to satisfy your Majesty. The Pope might have given sentence, but has preferred to decree this brief, so that he can revoke it at his pleasure, which would not be the case with the sentence. This he continually defers so as keep your Majesty and the King in subjection and uneasiness (garboille). The King has often said that, considering the friendship between your Majesty and the Pope, he would have been condemned 100 times if he had been in the wrong, and that, notwithstanding that he is in the right, friendship for and fear of your Majesty makes the Pope do many things.

Unless his presumption and hope is taken away by the sentence, he will care little for anything else. Since writing the above, your Majesty's letters of the 5th have arrived. I have consulted with the Nuncio about the best means of bringing the matter to pass (rendre la matiere). Cannot find out who has proposed the affair to the Nuncio, but I hope to do so shortly. London, 27 Jan. 153[3].

P.S.—Since writing the above, the courier has been delayed, and the Nuncio has spoken to "son home," whom he has not yet made known to me. From what he says, the said man at the beginning changed his tune, demanding that not only the trial of the case but the definitive [sentence] should be delegated away from Rome. Now he has returned to his former footing, to remit the definitive to the Pope, though he asked for eight days in which to give an answer,—I suppose, in the hope of having news from the Cardinals. He considers Cambray as imperial and not neutral, and wishes the place to be in the power of the king of France, whom he considers neutral. They wish also to have neutral judges, and I think they will accept none but French. Nothing has been said about the condition of obeying and observing the brief, and it does not seem necessary until the answer is given. As I have only just heard of all this, I have not informed the Queen, which I will do to morrow, 29 [Jan.]

I fear that this overture is only to cause delay, and to break the shock of the sentence, which they see is imminent. The King and the Lady's relatives apparently care for nothing but gaining time and continuing this life. There are two disadvantages in this proposal. One is, that if the King wishes to "calumpnier," he may make the affair immortal. Some reasonable time should, therefore, be assigned to the commissaries. The other is, that the deputies may, perhaps, annul the examination of witnesses for the Queen. This would be an almost irreparable injury, and must be expressly reserved. The 29th.

Fr. From a modern copy.

Letters and Papers 1533. 27 Jan 1533. 89. The Duke said nothing else about Rome, nor about the brief which has been executed there, of which the King has been already informed. In conclusion, he spoke again of the great good which would result from the union of the Emperor with the King. Acknowledged all that he said, and added several benefits which would spring from this union. Did this in order to show the folly of giving up these advantages for such a slight reason and for a fancy (une affection), to say nothing of the scandal to Christendom and the authority of the Church. If this union were accomplished, there would be no cause of offence left among Christian princes, except the Vayvode, who was not of much consequence. He replied that he left the right or wrong of the King's desire to the doctors, for he knew nothing about it, and would not read any books on the subject, however the King pressed him. As to there being no cause of offence left between the Princes, he said he did not know,—implying that France would still grumble; and shortly after he assured me that the Vayvode would get no help from England, which he could not promise for the others. After this conversation he took me into his inner room (riere chambre), and showed me certain books and other things. On leaving he gave me the dirks, of which I spoke before, and accompanied me not only out of the chamber but to my barge. Besides a thousand other civilities he begged me to allow him to do for me, not pleasure, but, as he said, service. Though this is unimportant, it is unusual, and shows some affection for your Majesty.

Dr. Cremmer, late ambassador with your Majesty, had not been here a week, before the King, to the great astonishment of everybody, promoted him to the archbishopric of Canterbury. One of the causes of the general surprise is, that the King usually leaves benefices vacant for a year for the sake of the revenues, which then belong to him, and this archbishopric has not yet been vacant four months. Besides, the King has advanced the money for the expedition of the bulls, so as to have no delay. It is suspected that the object of this haste is, that the Archbishop, as Legate of the kingdom, may authorize the new marriage in this Parliament, judging this divorce necessary.

Letters and Papers 1535. 27 Jan 1535. R. O. 120. [Lord Lisle (age 70)] to Leonard Smyth.

I have received your letters dated 24 Jan., stating that one Hunt is minded to make his complaint, and that I should write to the Dean of Arches to stay process in my favor. I never meddled with any of his matters, but he made a false oath before the marshal here, and had 20 days' respite before the commissary to reprove those who had sworn the contrary. He promised me and divers of the Council to give surety for £100 to be paid to the King if he did not prove his oath true. This he never did, but "fletyd away" at Sandgate or Whitesand. My letter to the Dean of Arches was to the effect that we have a plain ordinance that no curse shall be pronounced against any soldier here for fault of appearance. Hunt had procured two false knaves to perjure themselves, for which they wore papers and were banished. He was pardoned, being the King's servant, but now that he has committed the same, the retinue have desired me to discharge him, abhorring his company as a great reproach and slander to them all. If he deny this, call John Shepherd, a soldier of this town, to whom he gave money to deliver to his adversaries for agreement. Notwithstanding, if Mr. Secretary will send a commission to some of the Council and constables and vintners here, and if they say he is other than a false knave, and ought to have a room again, he shall have it and 12d. a day out of my purse. When he complains, inform Mr. Secretary thereof. Calais, 27 Jan.

If you think it convenient, I will cause the commissary to come over with the process. I trust Mr. Secretary will give no credit to any surmise unto I may make answer. There have been many running tales surmised about me since I came hither. If God were here among us, every man would not say well by him. He (Hunt) says he was stopped five tides, but he cannot prove it was by my mind, except that John à Burges complained that Hunt would have robbed him in his own house, whereupon I sent them both to the mayor. Mr. Secretary wrote asking that he might he restored, but I answered that if it had not been for Mr. Compton he would have worn paper, and if I put him to his room again all the retinue would cry out on me. God send me a good end in my matter with Sir Edward Semour (age 35). Commend me to your brother.

Pp. 2. Endd.. The copy of my letter sent to Leonard Smythe.

Letters and Papers 1535. 27 Jan 1535. R. O. 119. John Husee to Lady Lisle (age 41).

I received your letter of Walter, servant to Lady Guarnes-he, and have delivered the 20s. I will show Mr. Tayler your Ladyship's pleasure. Your dog may be well spared, for I am told her Grace makes not much of them. I doubt that the broderer will be reasonable about the frontlets, but you have not written if you have received the same, or answered my bill of prices of grocery I hope to write in my next what end Mr. Secretary makes in my Lord's matter with Sir Edward Seymour (age 35). It rests entirely with him to show his friendship. I am sorry you have been so disquieted at the beginning of the year. My Lord will never get £500, Calais money, by the three persons you write of. Some things now colored will at length be plainly set out. I hope to get you both an ancient gentlewoman and a good tailor. Mr. Bassett came hither on the 26th, and will remain till the morrow of Candlemas day, when he will enter his chamber at Lincoln's Inn. I have spoken with Mr. Holleys this day, but Mr. Lane is not yet come. I have no doubt he will be well pleased to have the young gentleman in his company, who, I assure you, is both gentle, sober and wise. Mr. Syllyard will see to him in Mr. Lane's absence; and Mr. Densell also. Please send Mr. Tywke and Mr. Densell the French wine, Mr. Bassett is out of apparel. He has no good gown but one of chamlet, which was illfashioned, and is now amending. His damask gown is worth nothing but to make a jacket; for his velvet coat was broken to guard his chamlet gown. Reports the state of his other articles of dress. The kersey is not for him, and I have sent it by Edward Russell. He has brought with him a feather bed, bolster, blankets, counter-point and two pair sheets. He requires another bed furnished with a pillow. I intend to make him two pr. black hose, a new damask gown faced with foynes or genetts, and a study gown faced with "fox powttes" of cloth at 6s. a yd., &c. Would like £3 or £4, as what is wanted will take 20 marks at least. Bremelcome wants a coat, as he has only one. London, 26 Jan.

Hol., pp. 3. Add.

Diary of Edward VI. 27 Jan 1551. Mons. de Lansac came from the French king² by way of request to ask that Caumilles, the fisching of the Twede, Edrington, the ground batable, and the Scottische hostages that were put Mere in the kinges my father's dayes should be delivered to thei Scottes; that they might be suffered to traffique, as though they were in peax, and that al interest of the foresaid houses (hostages?) should be delivered to the Scottes. Also that those prisoners wich were bound to pay there raunsolmes before the paix last concluded should not enjoy the benefite of the paix.

Note 2. "First of Februarie. — This daie there came to the counsaill the Frenche ambassador, with mons. de Lansake, newly sent from the King his maister with this messaige, that, forasmuch as he had taken the protection of the Scottishre queene, considering that Scotlande was comprehended, he could no lesse do then to desire the King, his good brother, to restore Edrington, the fyshing in Tweede, and other like lymits, with the neutrall estate of the Debatable grounde, in like manner as everything was before the begining of the last warrs. Secondarily, where certain Englishmen had bene prisoners in Scotland, and delivered upon raunsoms agreed before the conclusion of peace, did now denye the payments of their said raunsoms, which was against reason, so prayed order might be taken that thei should paie accordingly. Thirdelye, being in peace with Scotland, &c. it was no reason wee shulde defend them the trafficque within this Realme, wherefore he prayed th'enteroourse betweene bothe realmes might be open, and that restitucion might be made of V. shippes of Scotlande staled there since the peace. Finallie, where certain ostages remaigned with us for divers of those prisoners that were taken at Solomosse, the French king desireth the King's majestic to deliver them, like as at his request they of St. Andrewes have bene delivered in Fraunce. Of all which matter the counsaill determined to take deliberacion, praying the Frenche to have patience for a few daies, and thei shulde be answered accordingly."

"iij^d. of Februarye. — This daie a servant of lorde Maxwell in Scotlande presented certein lettres from mr. Mason, th'effect whereof consisted in the request of lord Maxwell, with xvj. of his folkes, and as many horses, to passe through into Scotlande, whiche being debated in counsaill seemed a matter of greate ymportaunce, that the Scotts and Frenche shulde pass to and fro through this realme, Scotland being now made French. And because it appeareth the libertie thereof shuld much advance the Frenche affaires and hinder our owne, therefore it was resolved and answerd that he shiilde not passe this waie; whiche with fayre wordes was dissembled to him that came from lorde Maxwell, upon pretence that the realm had become so charged with the furnishing of those that syns the peace concluded had thus passed to and from, that wee coulde not convenyentlye any longer support it, wherefore he was prayed to have patience." (How the French king resented this may be seen in Tytler, Hist. Scotland, vi. 437.)

"xiiij^th of Februarie. — This dale the Frenche ambassador and mons^r. de Lansack had accesse to the counsaill for aunswere to the poincts proponed by the same Lansack, whiche were aunswered to this effect: — First, where he desyred full restitucion of Edrington and other things belonging to the realme of Scotlande in like astate as thei were before the beginning of the last warrs, albeit that by the treatie last made it was lawfull for the King's majestie to enjoie and keepe not only Edrington, with other things that he keepeth, not within that realme; haveing had the same in his possession long before the last treatie. Yet his Majestie, for the more perficte declaracion of his desire to the contynuance of the amytie, wolde send a gentleman of his owne very shortly to the French king, with suche aunswere in that parte as of reason he oughte to be contented withall.

"To the seconde part, touching the debts of prisoners due before the treatye, it was agreed that what prisoner soever was free of prison before the treatye, and indebted for his raunsome, he shulde paie the debt, on condicion the like order might be taken withe the Scotts that were at that tyme in like case indebted to Englishmen.

"To the iij^de, tooching the restitucion of shippes, and the libertye of trafEcque, the King's majestie, to gratifie his good brother the French king, was contented that those Scottish shippes whiche remaigne staled here shalbe sett at lybertie, except such as are piratts. And for the trafBcque, his Majestie is pleased that all the Scottish shippes whiche are driven in by tempest or that come by necessitie shall have libertie to goo agayne, according to the treatie made betweene king Edward iiij^th. and king James the iij^d., but as for further libertie of trafficque coulde not conveniently consent.

"Finallie, to the deliverie of the hostages, his Majestie's pleasure shulde be therein declared to the King his good brother by the said gentleman appoincted to goe from hense for that purpose.

"Moreover, wheare the Frenche ambassador desired his pacquetts of lettres might at all tymes passe to and fro without empeachment, it was agreed he shoulde so have them, and that therefore order shulde be taken as well for post horses to serve the bearers of his said lettres, to and fro, for their reasonable money; as also that the lorde wardeigne of the marches shulde, upon sight of the pacquetts, being either addressed to the Frenche king or to the said embassador, to suffer them to pass to and fro."

Gunpowder Plot The Effect Of the Indictment. On 27 Jan 1606 the trial of the conspirators took place at Westminster Hall [Map].

The Commissioners were:.

Charles Howard 1st Earl Nottingham (age 70).

Thomas Howard 1st Earl Suffolk (age 44).

Edward Somerset 4th Earl of Worcester (age 56).

Charles Blount 1st Earl Devonshire (age 43).

Henry Howard 1st Earl of Northampton (age 65).

Robert Cecil 1st Earl Salisbury (age 42).

John Popham (age 75).

Thomas Fleming (age 61).

Peter Warburton (age 66).

The Effect of the Indictment.

Note. We have broken this very lengthy paragraph up into more manageable chunks..

THAT whereas our Sovereign Lord the King (age 39) had, by the Advice and Assent of his Council, for divers weighty and urgent Occasions concerning, his Majesty, the State, and Defence of the Church and Kingdom of England, appointed a Parliament to be holden at his City of Westminster; That Henry Garnet (age 50), Superior of the Jesuits within the Realm of England, (called also by the several names of Wally, Darcy, Roberts, Farmer, and Henry Philips), Oswald Tesmond Jesuit (age 43), otherwise called Oswald Greenwell, John Gerrard Jesuit (age 41), (called also by the several names of Lee and Brooke), Robert Winter (age 38), Thomas Winter (age 35), Gentlemen, Guy Fawkes (age 35) Gent. otherwise called Guy Johnson, Robert Keyes (age 41) Gent. and Thomas Bates Yeoman, late Servant to Robert Catesby Esquire; together with the said Robert Catesby and Thomas Percy Esquires, John Wright and Christopher Wright Gentlemen, in open Rebellion and Insurrection against his Majesty, lately slain, and Francis Tresham Esq; lately dead; as false Traitors against our said Sovereign Lord the King, did traitorously meet and assemble themselves together; and being so met, the said Henry Garnet (age 50), Oswald Tesmond (age 43), John Gerrard (age 41), and other Jesuits, did maliciously, falsly, and traitorously move and persuade as well the said Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes, and Thomas Bates, as the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, Christopher Wright, and Francis Tresham, That our said Sovereign Lord the King, the Nobility, Clergy, and whole Commonalty of the Realm of England, (Papists excepted) were Hereticks; and that all Hereticks were accursed and excommunicate; and that none Heretick could be a King; but that it was lawful and meritorious to kill our said Sovereign Lord the King, and all other Hereticks within this Realm of England, for the Advancing and Enlargement of the pretended and usurped Authority and Jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, and for the restoring of the superstitious Romish Religion within this Realm of England.

To which traitorous Persuasions, the said Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes, Thomas Bates, Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, Christopher Wright, and Francis Tresham, traitorously did yield their Assents: And that thereupon the said Henry Garnet (age 50), Oswald Tesmond (age 43), John Gerrard (age 41), and divers other Jesuits; Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes, and Thomas Bates, as also the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, Christopher Wright and Francis Tresham, traitorously amongst themselves did conclude and agree, with Gunpowder, as it were with one Blast, suddenly, traitorously and barbarously to blow up and tear in pieces our said Sovereign Lord the King, the excellent, virtuous and gracious Queen Anne, his dearest Wife, the most noble Prince Henry, their eldest Son, and future Hope and Joy of England; and the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, the Reverend Judges of the Realm, the Knights, Citizens and Burgesses of Parliament, and divers other faithful Subjects and Servants of the King in the said Parliament, for the Causes aforesaid, to be assembled in the House of Parliament; and all them, without any respect of Majesty, Dignity, Degree, Sex, Age or Place, most barbarously, and more than beastly, traitorously and suddenly to destroy and swallow up.

And further did most traitorously conspire and conclude among themselves, That not only the whole Royal Issue-Male of our said Sovereign Lord the King should be destroyed and rooted out; but that the Persons aforesaid, together with divers other false Traitors, traitorously with them to be assembled, should surprize the Persons of the most noble Ladies Elizabeth and Mary, Daughters of our said Sovereign Lord the King, and falsly and traitorously should proclaim the said Lady Elizabeth to be Queen of this Realm: And thereupon should publish a Proclamation in the name of the said Lady Elizabeth; wherein, as it was especially agreed by and between the said Conspirators, That no mention should be made at the first, of the alteration of Religion established within within this Realm of England; neither would the said false Traitors therein acknowledge themselves to be Authors, or Actors, or Devisers of the aforesaid most wicked and horrible Treasons, until they had got sufficient Power and Strength for the assured Execution and Accomplishment of their said Conspiracy and Treason; and that then they would avow and justify the said most wicked and horrible Treasons, as Actions that were in the number of those, Quae non laudantur, nisi peracta, which be not to be commended before they be done: but by the said feign'd and traitorous Proclamation they would publish, That all and singular Abuses and Grievances within this Realm of England, should, for satisfying of the People, be reform'd.

And that as well for the better concealing, as for the more effectual accomplishing of the said horrible Treasons, as well the said Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes, and Thomas Bates, as the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, Christopher Wright, and Francis Tresham, by the traitorous Advice and Procurement of the said Henry Garnet (age 50), Oswald Tesmond (age 43), John Gerrard (age 41), and other Jesuits, traitorously did further conclude and agree, that as well the said Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes, and Thomas Bates, as the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, Christopher Wright, and Francis Tresham, thereupon severally and traitorously should receive several corporal Oaths upon the holy Evangelists, and the Sacrament of the Eucharist, That they the Treasons aforesaid would traitorously conceal and keep secret, and would not reveal them, directly or indirectly, by Words or Circumstances, nor ever would desist from the Execution and final Accomplishment of the said Treasons, without the consent of some three of the aforesaid false Traitors first in that behalf traitorously had: And that thereupon as well the said Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes, and Thomas Bates, as the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, Christ. Wright, and Francis Tresham, did traitorously take the said several corporal Oaths severally, and did receive the Sacrament of the Eucharist aforesaid, by the Hands of the said Henry Garnet (age 50), John Gerrard (age 41), Oswald Tesmond (age 43), and other Jesuits.

And further, that the said Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35),Robert Keyes, and Thomas Bates, together with the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright,Christopher Wright, and Francis Tresham, by the like traitorous Advice and Counsel of the said Henry Garnet (age 50), John Gerrard (age 41), Oswald Tesmond (age 43), and other Jesuits, for the more effectual compassing and final execution of the said Treasons, did traitorously among themselves conclude and agree to dig a certain Mine under the said House of Parliament, and there secretly, under the said House, to bestow and place a great Quantity of Gunpowder; and that according to the said traitorous Conclusion, the said Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes, and Thomes Bates, together with the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, and Christopher Wright, afterwards secretly, not without great labour and difficulty, did dig and make the said Mine unto the midst of the Foundation of the Wall of the said House of Parliament, the said Foundation being of the thickness of three yards, with a traitorous Intent to bestow and place a great Quantity of Gunpowder in the Mine aforesaid, so as aforesaid traitorously to be made for the traitorous accomplishing of their traitorous Purposes aforesaid.

And that the said Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes, and Thomas Bates, together with the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, and Christopher Wright, finding and perceiving the said Work to be of great difficulty, by reason of the Hardness and thickness of the said Wall; and understanding a certain Cellar under the said House of Parliament, and adjoining to a certain House of the said Thomas Percy, then to be letten to farm for a yearly Rent, the said Thomas Percy, by the traitorous Procurement, as well of the said Henry Garnet (age 50), Oswald Tesmond (age 43), John Gerrard (age 41), and other Jesuits, Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes, and Thomas Bates, as of the said Robert Catesby, John Wright, and Christopher Wright, traitorously did hire the Cellar aforesaid for a certain yearly Rent and Term: and then those Traitors did remove twenty Barrels full of Gunpowder out of the said House of the said Thomas Percy, and secretly and traitorously did bestow and place them in the Cellar aforesaid, under the said House of Parliament, for the traitorous effecting of the Treason, and traitorous Purposes aforesaid.

And that afterwards the said Henry Garnet (age 50), Oswald Tesmond (age 43), John Gerrard (age 41), and other Jesuits, Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes (age 41) and Thomas Bates, together with the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, and Christopher Wright traitorously did meet with Robert Winter (age 38), John Grant, and Ambrose Rookwood, and Francis Tresham, Esquires; and traitorously did impart to the said Robert Winter (age 38), John Grant, Ambrose Rookwood, and Francis Tresham, the Treasons, traitorous Intentions and Purposes aforesaid; and did require the said Robert Winter (age 38), John Grant, Ambrose Rookwood, and Francis Tresham, to join themselves as well with the said Henry Garnet (age 50), Oswald Tesmond (age 43), John Gerrard (age 41), Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes, and Thomas Bates, as with the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, and Christopher Wright, in the Treasons, traitorous Intentions and Purposes aforesaid; and traitorously to provide Horse, Armour, and other Necessaries, for the better Accomplishment and effecting of the said Treasons.

To which traitorous Motion and Request, the said Robert Winter (age 38), John Grant, Ambrose Rookwood, and Francis Tresham, did traitorously yield their Assents, and as well with the said Henry Garnet (age 50), Oswald Tesmond (age 43), John Gerrard (age 41), Robert Winter (age 38), Thomas Winter (age 35), Guy Fawkes (age 35), Robert Keyes (age 41), and Thomas Bates, as with the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, Christopher Wright, and Francis Tresham, in the said Treasons, traitorous Intentions and Purposes aforesaid, traitorously did adhere and unite themselves: And thereupon several corporal Oaths, in form abovesaid, traitorously did take, and the Sacrament of the Eucharist, by the hands of the said Jesuits did receive, to such intent and Purpose, as is aforesaid; and Horses, Armour, and other Necessaries for the better effecting of the said Treasons, according to their traitorous Assents aforesaid, traitorously did provide.

And that afterwards all the said false Traitors did traitorously provide, and bring into the Cellar aforesaid ten other Barrels full of Gunpowder, newly bought, fearing lest the former Gunpowder, so as aforesaid bestow'd and placed there, was become dankish; and the said several Quantities of: Gunpowder aforesaid, with Billets and Faggots, lest they should be spy'd, secretly and traitorously did cover.

And that afterwards the said false Traitors traitorously provided, and brought into the Cellar aforesaid, four Hogsheads full of Gunpowder, and laid divers great Iron Bars and Stones upon the said four Hogsheads, and the aforesaid other Quantities of Gunpowder: And the said Quantities of Gunpowder, Bars, and Stones, with Billets and Faggots, lest they should be espy'd, secretly and traitorously did likewise cover.

And that the said Guy Fawkes (age 35), afterwards, for a full and final Accomplishment of the said Treasons, traitorous Intentions and Purposes aforesaid, by the traitorous Procurement, as well of the said Henry Garnet (age 50), Oswald Tesmond (age 43), John Gerrard (age 41), and other Jesuits, Robert Winter (age 38), Thomas Winter (age 35), Robert Keyes, Thomas Bates, John Grant, and Ambrose Rookwood, as of the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, Christopher Wright, and Francis Tresham, traitorously had prepared, and had upon his Person Touchwood and Match, therewith traitorously to give fire to the several Barrels, Hogsheads, and Quantities of Gunpowder aforesaid, at the time appointed for the Execution of the said horrible Treasons.

And further, that after the said horrible Treasons were, by the great Favour and Mercy of God, in a wonderful manner discover'd, not many hours before it should have been executed, as well the said Henry Garnet (age 50), Oswald Tesmond (age 43), John Gerrard (age 41), Robert Winter (age 38), Thomas Winter (age 35), Robert Keyes, Thomas Bates, John Grant, and Ambrose Rookwood, as the said Robert Catesby, Thomas Percy, John Wright, and Christopher Wright, traitorously did fly and withdraw themselves, to the intent traitorously to stir up and procure such Popish Persons, as they could, to join with them in actual, publick and open Rebellion against our said Sovereign Lord the King; and to that end did publish divers feigned and false Rumours, that the Papists Throats should have been cut; and that thereupon divers Papists were in Arms, and in open, publick, and actual Rebellion against our said Sovereign Lord the King, in divers Parts of this Realm of England.

Pepy's Diary. 27 Jan 1664. Up and to the office, and at noon to the Coffeehouse, where I sat with Sir G. Ascue (age 48)¹ and Sir William Petty (age 40), who in discourse is, methinks, one of the most rational men that ever I heard speak with a tongue, having all his notions the most distinct and clear, and, among other things (saying, that in all his life these three books were the most esteemed and generally cried up for wit in the world "Religio Medici", "Osborne's Advice to a Son²", and "Hudibras"), did say that in these-in the two first principally-the wit lies, and confirming some pretty sayings, which are generally like paradoxes, by some argument smartly and pleasantly urged, which takes with people who do not trouble themselves to examine the force of an argument, which pleases them in the delivery, upon a subject which they like; whereas, as by many particular instances of mine, and others, out of Osborne, he did really find fault and weaken the strength of many of Osborne's arguments, so as that in downright disputation they would not bear weight; at least, so far, but that they might be weakened, and better found in their rooms to confirm what is there said. He shewed finely whence it happens that good writers are not admired by the present age; because there are but few in any age that do mind anything that is abstruse and curious; and so longer before any body do put the true praise, and set it on foot in the world, the generality of mankind pleasing themselves in the easy delights of the world, as eating, drinking, dancing, hunting, fencing, which we see the meanest men do the best, those that profess it. A gentleman never dances so well as the dancing master, and an ordinary fiddler makes better musique for a shilling than a gentleman will do after spending forty, and so in all the delights of the world almost.

Note 1. Sir George Ayscue or Askew (age 48). After his return from his imprisonment he declined to go to sea again, although he was twice afterwards formally appointed. He sat on the court-martial on the loss of the "Defiance" in 1668.

Note 2. Francis Osborne, an English writer of considerable abilities and popularity, was the author of "Advice to a Son", in two parts, Oxford, 1656-8, 8vo. He died in 1659. He is the same person mentioned as "My Father Osborne", October 19th, 1661. B.

Pepy's Diary. 27 Jan 1665. Thence away to boat again and landed her at the Three Cranes again, and I to the Bridge [Map], and so home, and after shifting myself, being dirty, I to the 'Change [Map], and thence to Mr. Povy's (age 51) and there dined, and thence with him and Creed to my Lord Bellasses' (age 50), and there debated a great while how to put things in order against his going, and so with my Lord in his coach to White Hall, and with him to my Lord Duke of Albemarle (age 56), finding him at cards. After a few dull words or two, I away to White Hall again, and there delivered a letter to the Duke of Yorke (age 31) about our Navy business, and thence walked up and down in the gallery, talking with Mr. Slingsby (age 44), who is a very ingenious person, about the Mint and coynage of money. Among other things, he argues that there being £700,000 coined in the Rump time, and by all the Treasurers of that time, it being their opinion that the Rump money was in all payments, one with another, about a tenth part of all their money. Then, says he, to my question, the nearest guess we can make is, that the money passing up and down in business is £7,000,000. To another question of mine he made me fully understand that the old law of prohibiting bullion to be exported, is, and ever was a folly and an injury, rather than good. Arguing thus, that if the exportations exceed importations, then the balance must be brought home in money, which, when our merchants know cannot be carried out again, they will forbear to bring home in money, but let it lie abroad for trade, or keepe in foreign banks: or if our importations exceed our exportations, then, to keepe credit, the merchants will and must find ways of carrying out money by stealth, which is a most easy thing to do, and is every where done; and therefore the law against it signifies nothing in the world. Besides, that it is seen, that where money is free, there is great plenty; where it is restrained, as here, there is a great want, as in Spayne. These and many other fine discourses I had from him.

The Times. 27 Jan 1916. MARRIAGE OF LORD GRANBY.

The marriage of the Marquess of Granby (age 29), only son of the Duke (age 63) and Duchess of Rutland (age 59), to Miss Kathleen Tennant (age 21), youngest daughter of Mr. (age 54) and Mrs. Frank Tennant (age 52), of Innes House, took place yesterday at St. Margaret's [Map]. There was a very large attendance, and a number of those present brought young children with them.

The bride (age 21), who was given away by her father (age 54), wore a Venetian gown of white satin with a gold, brocade train four yards long and a short mantlet of old Venetian family lace; the sleeves were long and close-fitting, and she had a long white net veil with a wreath of orange blossoms. She carried a copy of the marriage service embroidered in seed pearl and coloured silks, worked by her mother (age 52) after an old design in the British Museum.

Lady Diane Manners (age 24), who was one of the bridesmaids, designed the bridesmaids' gowns in the medieval manner; they were of white chiffon belted in silver worn with flowing veils of blue tulle held by silver bands. Each of the bridesmaids carried a tail branch of almond blossom; the others were Miss Elizabeth Asquith (age 18), Miss Mary Lyttelton, and Miss Violet Warrender. The Hon. Stephen Tennant (age 9), who wore a Romeo suit with a jewelleed belt, was the page. Captain Charles Lindsay, Grenadier Guards, was best man. Canon Sheppard (age 35), Sub-Dean of the Chapels Royal, and the Rev. F. W. Knox, the Duke of Rutland's (age 63) chaplain, performed the ceremony.

SOME OF THE GOWNS. The Duke of Rutland (age 63) was among the first to come to the church, and most of the guests were there early. The Prime Minister (age 63) arrived with Mr. (age 35) and Mrs. Bonham-Carter (age 28), and Mr. Balfour with a party which included Mr. and Mrs. William Balfour. The Duchess on Rutland (age 59) wore gold charmeuse with gold tissue in her hat and a rose pink velvet cloak bordered with fur. The Marchioness of Anglesey (age 32), in white box-cloth, brought her little daughter, Lady Carolinie Paget (age 2), in a little Ermine coat and hat. Mrs. Asquith (age 51), who was with Mrs. Graham Smith (age 56), wore a black charmeuse gown made with a ruched cape and trimmed with chinchilla; her hat was black with emerald feathers.

Mrs. Tennant (age 52) wore black and white embroidered taffetas; Lady Robert Manners had a long muauve coat trimmed with skunk; and the Countess of Wemyss (age 53) was in black and white. Lady Tree had a pervenche panne long coat made tight-fitting and a plain black sailor hat. The Countess of Drogheda (age 29) wore black and gold, Lady D'Abernon (age 50) grey chinchilla furs with a black coat and skirt, and Lady Arthur Paget a musquash coat bordered with skunk. Mrs. Guy Charteris (age 28) brought her baby, and the Hon. Mrs. George Keppel (age 45), in black and white, was accomapanied by her two daughters, and Mrs. McKenna by her two sons. Mrs. Hwfa Williams and Lady Randolph Churchill (age 62) (who was with Mrs. Churchill (age 30)) both were black velvet.

The Guests. Among those present were:

The Italian Ambassador, the Spanish Ambassador, the Duchess of Buccleuch (age 44), and Lady Margaret Scott, etc.

A small reception was held after the ceremony at Lord (age 56) and Lady Glenconner's (age 45) house in Queen Anne's gate, and the bride (age 59) and bridegroom (age 29) subsequently left for Belvoir Castle [Map], where the honeymoon will be spent.