1175-1189 Abergavenny Massacre

1175-1189 Abergavenny Massacre is in 12th Century Events.

Abergavenny Massacre

Around 25 Dec 1175, Christmas, William de Braose 4th Baron Bramber (age 31) invited the local Welsh nobles to his Christmas court at Abergavenny Castle [Map] as an act of reconciliation. Seisyll ap Dyfnwal Gwent and his elder son Geoffrey Gwent were murdered. William de Braose 4th Baron Bramber and his men then rode to Seisyll's home. There his younger son Cadwalladr Gwent (age 7) was murdered and his wife captured.

1183 Death of Henry the Young King

On 11 Jun 1183 Henry the Young King (age 28) died at Castle of Martel clasping a ring his father had sent as a token of forgiveness. He was buried at Rouen Cathedral [Map].

1187 Battle of Hattin

On 04 Jul 1187 the Battle of Hattin took place on 4 July 1187, between the Crusader states of the Levant and the forces of the Ayyubid sultan Saladin. The Muslim armies under captured or killed the majority of the Crusader forces resulting in the Muslims once again becoming the pre-eminent military power in the Holy Land, re-capturing Jerusalem and most of the other Crusader-held cities and castles.

Death of Ferdinand II King Leon

On 22 Jan 1188 Ferdinand II King Leon (age 51) died. His son Alfonso IX King Leon (age 16) succeeded IX King Leon.

Death of King Henry II

Instruction for a Ruler Book 3 Chapter 26. 06 Jul 1189, Therefore, with these things having been completed in this manner, the king (age 56) had himself carried to the castle of Chinon [Map]; where, his health worsening on Thursday, and having taken to his bed on the seventh day, on that day which physicians call critical, he was lethally struck down, repeating, indeed multiplying, these words, which the intensity of his thoughts, both of the illness and of the pain as well as indignation, extorted from him, because the mouth speaks from the abundance of the heart, 'Oh, the shame of a defeated king! Oh, the shame!' he struggled in his final moments. And thus, finally, among such wretched cries, the very herald of his own disgrace, he expired, overwhelmed and oppressed more than ended by natural death. From this, it is clear that the higher one is elevated by prosperity, the more forcefully they are cast down; and the more the bow is bent back, the more powerfully the arrow is propelled forward.

His igitur in hunc modum exactis, ad Chinonense castrum se rex deferri fecit; ubi invalescente valetudine feria quinta, et a qua decubuit septima, die videlicet quem physici criticum vocant, letaliter correptus, hæc ingeminando immo multiplicando verba, quae de reliquiis cogitationum vehementia tam morbi quam doloris pariter et indignationis extorsit, quoniam ex abundantia cordis os loqui solet, "Proh pudor de rege victo! proh pudor!" in extremis laboravit. Et sic demum inter aerumnosas hujusmodi voces, propria praco confusionis, exspiravit, obrutusque magis et oppressus quam naturali morte finitus occubuit. Ex quo patet quod, quanto [quis] secundis altius elevatur, tanto impetuosius ad imum demittitur; quantoque arcus magis retro curvatur, tanto sagitta fortius in anteriora propellitur.

Coronation of Richard I

Gesta Regis Henrici 1189. 03 Sep 1189. Then Richard (age 31), Duke of Normandy, came to London, and having gathered there the archbishops and bishops, earls and barons, and a large multitude of knights, on the third day before the Nones of September, on a Sunday, the moon being in its nineteenth phase, on the feast of the ordination of Pope Saint Gregory, an ill-omened day, the aforementioned Richard, Duke of Normandy, was consecrated and crowned as King of England at Westminster in London by Baldwin (age 64), Archbishop of Canterbury. Assisting him in this office were Walter, Archbishop of Rouen, John, Archbishop of Dublin, Formale, Archbishop of Trier, Hugh, Bishop of Lincoln, Hugh (age 64), Bishop of Durham, William, Bishop of Worcester, John, Bishop of Exeter, Reginald, Bishop of Bath, John, Bishop of Norwich, Seffrid, Bishop of Chichester, Gilbert, Bishop of Rochester, Peter, Bishop of St. David's in Wales, the Bishop of St. Asaph in Wales, the Bishop of Bangor in Wales, Albinus, Bishop of Ferns in Ireland, and Concors, Bishop of Kildare in Ireland.

Deinde Ricardus dux Normanniæ venit Lundonias, et congregatis ibi archiepiscopis et episcopis, comitibus et baronibus et copiosa militum multitudine, tertio nonas Septembris, die Dominica, luna xix., festo ordinationis Sancti Gregorii papa, die mala, prædictus Ricardus dux Normanniæ consecratus et coronatus est in regem Angliæ, apud Lundonias in Westmonasterio, a Baldewino Cantuariensi archiepiscopo, ministrantibus illi in illo officio Waltero Rothomagensi archiepiscopo, Johanne Dublinensi archiepiscopo, Formale1 Treverensi archiepiscopo, Hugone Lincolniensi episcopo, Hugone Dunelmensi episcopo, Willelmo Wigornensi episcopo, Johanne Exoniensi episcopo, Reginaldo Bathoniensi episcopo, Johanne Norwicensi episcopo, Sefrido Cices- trensi episcopo, Gilleberto Rofensi episcopo, Petro episcopo de Sancto David in Wallia, episcopo2 de Asfath in Wallia, episcopo3 de Pangor in Wallia.—Albinus episcopus Fernensis4 in Hibernia, Concors episcopus Heghdunensis5 in Hibernia;

Note 1. Fulmar, Formalis, or Formator, archdeacon of Treves, was elected archbishop by intrigue in 1183, and consecrated by pope Urban III. on Whit Sunday 1186. He never gained full possession of his see, and was, with his competitor Rodolf, deprived by Clement III. in 1189. He then came to England, where he died.

Note 2. [episcopo] Reiner, 1186-1224.

Note 3. [episcopo] Guy, 1177-1190.

Note 4. [Fernensis] Albinus, 1185-1122.

Note 5. [Heghdunensis] Concord, bishop of Euaghduu.

The History of William Marshal 1189 Death of King Henry II. 03 Sep 1189

Fait fu reis a l'asompcion.He [Richard (age 31)] was made king on the Assumption1,
A molt riche processionWith a very rich procession
Fu receüz dedenz Seint Pol.He was received within Westminster Abbey2.
Iloc furent tenu por folThere were considered foolish9570
Li Gieu, si com j'oï dire,The Jews3, as I heard it said,
Quer livré furent a martyre.For they were delivered to martyrdom.
Issi fu li reis d'EngletereThus was the King of England
Tot I'iver apres en sa terre.All winter thereafter in his land.

Note 1. The Feast of the Assumption is the 15th of August. The author here is referring to the Feast of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary i.e. the 3rd of September on which day King Richard was crowned.

Note 2. The coronation on the 3rd of September took place at Westminster Abbey rather than St Paul's.

Note 3. King Richard's coronation was marred by attacks on the Jewish population in London with a number being killed. His reign saw significant and repeated attacks on the Jewish population such as the attack in York on the 17th of March 1190 in which as many as fifty were killed.

On 03 Sep 1189 King Richard "Lionheart" I of England (age 31) was crowned I King England by Archbishop Baldwin Avigo (age 64) at Westminster Abbey [Map]. William Mandeville 3rd Earl Essex Count Aumale carried the Crown. The Coronation of Richard I was marred by violence against London's Jewish population. Prior to his Coronation Richard had issued a proclamation forbidding Jews to attend. When some did a riot broke out, which spread.

Gesta Regis Henrici 1189. 04 Sep 1189. The next day, when the king heard of these events, he sent his servants throughout the city to apprehend some of the wrongdoers and present them to him. Three of them were hanged by judicial order: one for theft committed against a Christian, and the other two for having committed arson in the city, resulting in the burning of Christian houses. The king then sent for the man who had recently converted from Judaism to Christianity, in the presence of those who had witnessed his baptism. He questioned him to confirm whether he had truly become a Christian. The man replied, "No," but said he had allowed himself to be baptized by Christians to escape death. The king then asked the Archbishop of Canterbury, in the presence of many other archbishops and bishops, what should be done with him. The archbishop, less discreetly than he should have been, answered, "If he does not wish to be a man of God, let him be a man of the devil." Thus, the man who had been a Christian reverted to Judaism.

Insequenti die cum rex audisset hæc fieri, missis servientibus suis per civitatem, fecit comprehendi quosdam malefactorum illorum et sibi præsentari. Tres vero illorum per judicium curie suspensi sunt in patibulo: unus quia furtum fecerat in re cujusdam Christiani; duo quia incendium fecerant in civitate, unde domus Christianorum combustee sunt. Deinde misit rex pro viro illo qui jam de Judeeo factus fuerat Christianus, preesentibus illis qui viderant baptizare eum; et interrogavit eum, si esset Christianus effectus. Ipse vero respondit "Non," sed ut mortem evaderet permisit sibi fieri a Christianis quod volebant. Tunc interrogavit rex archiepiscopum Cantuariensem, praesentibus multis archiepiscopis et episcopis, quid esset de illo faciendum. Respondit archiepiscopus minus discrete quam deberet dicens, "Si ipse homo Dei esse non vult, sit homo diaboli," et sic reversus est ille qui fuerat Christianus ad legem Judaicam.

Richard I Appoints his Bishops

On 15 Sep 1189 King Richard "Lionheart" I of England (age 32) held a Council meeting at Pipewell [Map] at which he appointed a number of Bishops:

Bishop William Longchamp was elected Bishop of Ely.

Bishop Godfrey Lucy was elected Bishop of Winchester.

Bishop Richard Fitzneal (age 59) was elected Bishop of London.

Archbishop Hubert Walter (age 29) was elected Bishop of Salisbury.

1189 Oct New Bishops Consecrated

On 22 Oct 1189 two of Richard's new Bishops were consecrated ...

Bishop Godfrey Lucy was consecrated Bishop of Winchester.

Archbishop Hubert Walter (age 29) was consecrated Bishop of Salisbury.

1189 Dec New Bishops Consecrated

On 31 Dec 1189 two of Richard I's new bishops were consecrated ...

Bishop William Longchamp was consecrated Bishop of Ely.

Bishop Richard Fitzneal (age 59) was consecrated Bishop of London.