1543-1547 Catherine Parr

1543-1547 Catherine Parr is in 16th Century Events.

Rough Wooing

In 1543 Nicholas Poyntz (age 33) was captain of the warship Great Galley used to attack Scotland as part of the Rough Wooing.

1543 Creation of Garter Knights

In 1543, probably around St George's Day, 23 Apr 1543, King Henry VIII of England and Ireland (age 51) created three new Knights of the Garter:

310th. John Dudley 1st Duke Northumberland (age 39).

311th. William Paulet 1st Marquess Winchester (age 60).

312th. William Parr 1st Marquess Northampton (age 31).

On 24 Dec 1543 John Wallop (age 53) was appointed 313th Knight of the Garter by King Henry VIII of England and Ireland (age 52).[See Chronicle of Calais]

Marriage of Henry VIII and Catherine Parr

On 12 Jul 1543 Henry VIII (age 52) and Catherine Parr (age 30) were married at Hampton Court Palace [Map]. She was crowned Queen Consort England. His sixth and last marriage, her third marriage; her previous husband had died four months before. The difference in their ages was 21 years. He the son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland and Elizabeth York Queen Consort England. They were third cousin once removed. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

Henry's two daughters Mary (age 27) and Elizabeth (age 9) attended, as did his niece Margaret Douglas Countess Lennox (age 27).

Catherine's sister Anne (age 28) attended with her husband William Herbert 1st Earl Pembroke (age 42).

Parr Family Ennobled

On 23 Dec 1543 Henry VIII (age 52) enobled his new wife's (age 31) brother (age 31) and uncle (age 60) at ceremony in the Presence Chamber, Hampton Court Palace [Map]. Henry Grey 1st Duke of Suffolk (age 26) and Edward Stanley 3rd Earl of Derby (age 34) were present. Christopher Barker read the Patents.

William Parr 1st Baron Parr of Horton was created 1st Baron Parr of Horton. William was sixty with five daughters. He died four years later at which time the Barony became extinct.

William Parr 1st Marquess Northampton was created 1st Earl Essex. His estranged wife Anne Bourchier 7th Baroness Bourchier (age 26) was daughter of the last Earl of Essex of the Fifth Creation. A somewhat curious choice given his wife had eloped the year previous year with John Lyngfield, the prior of Tandbridge, Surrey [Map], by whom she had an illegitimate child.

First Battle of Glasgow

On 16 Mar 1544 the First Battle of Glasgow was fought between an army of Matthew Stewart 4th Earl Lennox (age 27), who supported a marriage between King Edward VI of England and Ireland (age 6) and Mary Queen of Scots (age 1), and an army of James Hamilton 2nd Earl Arran (age 28) who opposed it.

Robert Boyd 4th Lord Boyd (age 59) fought for James Hamilton 2nd Earl Arran for which was rewarded with the family lands (which he held in tack), as well as the restoration of his family's title of Lord Boyd.

Sacking of Leith

On 04 May 1544, Sunday, around 10,000 English soldiers landed unopposed at Leith and Granton. The ships had been sighted the day before. Cardinal Beaton (age 50) and Regent James Hamilton 2nd Earl Arran (age 28) left Edinburgh. The Scots, with Cardinal Beaton, George Gordon 4th Earl Huntley (age 30) and James Stewart 1st Earl of Moray attempted unsuccessfully to prevent the English forces at Granton joining those at Leith. The English then entered Leith unopposed where they found two ships of King James V of Scotland: the Salamander of Leith and the Unicorn.

After 07 May 1544 Edward Clinton 1st Earl Lincoln (age 32) was knighted by Edward Seymour 1st Duke of Somerset (age 44) at Edinburgh [Map].

Burning of Edinburgh

Tudor Tracts Chapter 3. [04 May 1544]. And in a valley, upon the right hand, near unto the said town, the Scots were assembled to the number of 5,000 or 6,000 horsemen, besides a good number of footmen; to impeach [prevent] the passage of our said army: in which place, they had laid their artillery at two straits [passes] through which we must needs pass, if we minded to achieve our enterprise. And seeming, at the first, as though they would set upon the Vanguard: when they perceived our men so willing to encounter with them, namely, the Cardinal, who was there present, perceiving our devotion to see his holiness to be such as we were ready to wet our feet for that purpose, and to pass a ford which was between us and them; after certain shot of artillery on both sides: they made a sudden retreat; and leaving their artillery behind them, fled towards Edinburgh. The first man that fled was the holy Cardinal [Beaton] (age 50) like a valiant champion; and with him the Governor, the Earls of Huntley (age 30), Murray And Bothwell (age 32), with divers other great men of the realm. At this passage, were two Englishmen hurt with the shot of their artillery; and two Scottish men slain with our artillery.

Tudor Tracts Chapter 3. [07 May 1544]. And the next morning, very early, we began where we left off, and continued burning all that day and the two days next ensuing continually, so that neither within the walls nor in the suburbs was left any one house unburnt: besides the innumerable booty, spoil and pillage that our soldiers brought from thence; notwithstanding the abundance which was consumed with fire. Also we burnt the Abbey called Holy Rood House, and the Palace adjoining the same.

Second Battle of Glasgow

Around 24 May 1544 the Second Battle of Glasgow was fought between James Hamilton 2nd Earl Arran (age 28), who opposed a marriage between King Edward VI of England and Ireland (age 6) and Mary Queen of Scots (age 1), and an army of James Hamilton 2nd Earl Arran who supported the marriage. and William Cunningham 4th Earl Glencairn (age 51)

Andrew Cunningham was killed.

Siege of Boulogne

In Jul 1544 English forces commenced the Siege of Boulogne at Boulogne sur Mer [Map]. John Chichester, William Godolphin (age 29), Henry Dudley (age 18) and Anthony Wingfield (age 57) fought. Henry Strangeways (age 44) were killed.

In Sep 1544 Thomas Cawarden of Bletchingly and Nonsuch was knigted at Boulogne sur Mer [Map] during the Siege of Boulogne.

Battle of Ancrum Moor

On 27 Feb 1545 a Scottish army defeated an English army at the Battle of Ancrum Moor at Jedburgh. The Scots Archibald Douglas 6th Earl Angus (age 56), John Lindsay 5th Lord Lindsay of the Byres (age 63) and James Hamilton 2nd Earl Arran (age 29) fought.

Brian Leyton and Ralph Eure were killed.

Christening of Henry Wriothesley

On 24 Apr 1545 Henry Wriothesley, the future 2nd Earl Southamption, was christened at St Andrew's Church, Holborn [Map]. His godparents were Henry VIII (age 53), Henry's daughter Mary Tudor (age 29) and Charles Brandon 1st Duke Suffolk (age 61).

Battle of the Solent and the Sinking of the Mary Rose

Hall's Chronicle 1445. 19 Jul 1545. After the departyng of thenglyshe nauy, from Newhauen, the Admyrall of Fraunce, called the Lorde Dombalt, a man of greate expteryence, halsed vp hys sayles, and with hys whole nauie, came to the point of the Isle of Wyght, called. S. Helenes poynt, and there in good ordre cast their Ankers, and sent. xvi. Galies dayly, to the very hauen of Portesmouthe. Thenglyshe nauye liyngin the hauen, made them prest and set out towardes the, and styl the one shot at the other. But one day aboue all other, the whole nauie of the Englishmen made out, and purposed to set on the Frenchmen: but in their settyng forward, a goodly ship of Englande called the Mary Rose, was by to much foly, drouned in the middest of the hauen, for she was laden wyth much ordinaunee, and the portes left open, which were very lowe, and the great ordinaunce, vnbreched, so that when the ship should turne, the water entred, and sodainly she sanke. In her was sir George Carewe knight, Capitain of thesaid shyppe, and foure hundreth men, and much ordinaunce.

Calendar of State Papers of Spain Volume 8. 19 Jul 1545. Towards evening, through misfortune and carelessness, the ship [Mary Rose] of Vice-Admiral George Garew foundered, and all hands on board, to the number of about 500, were drowned, with the exception of about five and twenty or thirty servants, sailors and the like, who escaped. I made enquiries of one of the survivors, a Fleming, how the ship perished, and he told me that the disaster was caused by their not having closed the lowest row of gun ports on one side of the ship. Having fired the guns on that side, the ship was turning, in order to fire from the other, when the wind caught her sails so strongly as to heel her over, and plunge her open gunports beneath the water, which flooded and sank her. They say, however that they can recover the ship and guns.

On 19 Jul 1545 during the Battle of the Solent the Mary Rose sank. Roger Grenville (age 27) and George Carew (age 41) drowned.

Henry VIII Revises his Will

On 30 Dec 1546 Henry VIII (age 55) made his last revision to his will signed using the Dry Stamp that was used increasingly commonly. The will confirmed the succession as King Edward VI of England and Ireland (age 9), Queen Mary I of England and Ireland (age 30) and Queen Elizabeth I of England and Ireland (age 13).

The will appointed sixteen executors: Anthony Browne (age 46), Archbishop Thomas Cranmer (age 57), Anthony Denny (age 45), John Dudley 1st Duke Northumberland (age 42), William Herbert 1st Earl Pembroke (age 45), Edward Montagu (age 61), Edward North 1st Baron North (age 50), William Paget 1st Baron Paget Beaudasert (age 40), William Paulet 1st Marquess Winchester (age 63), John Russell 1st Earl Bedford (age 61), Edward Seymour 1st Duke of Somerset (age 46), Bishop Cuthbert Tunstall (age 72) and Thomas Wriothesley 1st Earl of Southampton (age 41).

Death of Henry VIII Accession of Edward VI

Annales of England by John Stow. 28 Jan 1547. Edward (age 9) the first borne at Hampton court [Map] (by the decease of k. Henry (age 55) his father) began his raigne the 28 of January, and was proclaimed k. of England, France and Ireland, defender of the faith, and of the churches of England and also of Ireland the supreme head immedlatly in earth under God, & on the last day of January, in the yere of Christ after the Church of England 1546 but after the accompt of them that begin the yere at Chatfimas 1547 being then of the age of nine yéeres. And the same day in the afternoone the saide young king came to the tower of London [Map] from Hertford, and rode into the City at Aldgate, and so along the wall by the crossed Friars [Map] to the Tower hill, & entred at the red bulwarke [Map], where be was received by sir John Gage (age 67) constable of the tower, and the lieutenant on horseback, the Earle of Hertford (age 47) riding before the king, and sir Anthony Browne (age 47) riding after him: and on the bridge next the warde gate, the archbishop of Canterbury (age 57), the lorde Chancellor (age 41), with other great lords of the Councell received him, and so brought him to his chamber of pretence, there they were sworne to his majesty.

On 28 Jan 1547 Henry VIII (age 55) died at Whitehall Palace [Map]. His son King Edward VI of England and Ireland (age 9) succeeded VI King England. Earl Chester merged with the Crown.

Thomas Wendy (age 46) attended the King. He was one of the witnesses to the King's last will and testament, for which he received £100.

Funeral of King Henry VIII

Annales of England by John Stow. The 14 of February the corpes of k Henrie the eight (deceased), was with great solemnitie and honor conveyed unto Syon [Map], and the next day to Windsor, and there buried in the colledge [Map].

On 16 Feb 1547 Henry VIII (deceased) was buried in the Henry VIII Vault, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle [Map]. John Gage (age 67) attended.