1800-1850 Act of Union, Trafalgar and Waterloo

1800-1850 Act of Union, Trafalgar and Waterloo is in 19th Century Events.

Act of Union Peerages

In Dec 1800 King George III of Great Britain and Ireland (age 62) created a number of peers who supported the Act of Union ....

On 21 Dec 1800 Charles Stanley Monck 1st Viscount Monck (age 46) was created 1st Viscount Monck.

On 29 Dec 1800 ....

Murrough O'Brien 1st Marquess Thomond (age 74) was created 1st Marquess Thomond. Mary Palmer Marchioness Thomond (age 50) by marriage Marchioness Thomond.

Charles Tottenham aka Loftus 1st Marquess Ely (age 62) was created 1st Marquess Ely in County Wexford. Jane Myhill Marchioness Ely by marriage Marchioness Ely in County Wexford.

James Alexander 1st Earl Caledon (age 70) was created 1st Earl Caledon in County Tyrone.

The London Gazette 15317. Whitehall, December 9, 1800.

The King has been pleased to grant the Dignities of Viscount and Earl of the Kingdom of Great Britain to the Right Honorable Charles Sloane Lord Cadogan (age 72), and the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten, by the Name, Style, and Title of Viscount Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, and Earl Cadogan. [Mary Churchill Countess Cadogan (age 42) by marriage Countess Cadogan.]

The King has also been pleased to grant the Dignities of Viscount and Earl of the Kingdom of Great Britain to the Right Honorable James Lord Malmesbury (age 54), Baron of Malmesbury, in the County of Wilts, Knight of the Most Honorable Order of the Bath, and the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten, by the Name, Style, and Title of Viscount Fitz-Harris, of Hurn Court, in the County of Southampton, and Earl of Malmesbury. [Harriet Maria Amyand Countess Malmesbury (age 39) by marriage Countess Malmesbury.]

Act of Union

In Dec 1800 King George III of Great Britain and Ireland (age 62) created a number of peers who supported the Act of Union ....

On 21 Dec 1800 Charles Stanley Monck 1st Viscount Monck (age 46) was created 1st Viscount Monck.

On 29 Dec 1800 ....

Murrough O'Brien 1st Marquess Thomond (age 74) was created 1st Marquess Thomond. Mary Palmer Marchioness Thomond (age 50) by marriage Marchioness Thomond.

Charles Tottenham aka Loftus 1st Marquess Ely (age 62) was created 1st Marquess Ely in County Wexford. Jane Myhill Marchioness Ely by marriage Marchioness Ely in County Wexford.

James Alexander 1st Earl Caledon (age 70) was created 1st Earl Caledon in County Tyrone.

On 01 Jan 1801 the Act of Union came into force by which Great Britain and Ireland were united creating the United Kingdom. Actually two Acts of Union with the same title: one for the Parliament of Great Britain and one for the Parliament of Ireland.

Treaty of Amiens

On 25 Mar 1802 the United Kingdom and the French Repulic signed the Treaty of Amiens bringing to an end the War of the Second Coalition. The peace laster for fifteen months only.

The Treaty was signed by:

Charles Cornwallis 1st Marquess Cornwallis (age 63), United Kingdom

Joseph Bonaparte (age 34), French Republic

José Nicolás de Azara, Spain

Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck, Batavian Republic

1803 Creation of Garter Knights

In 1803 King George III of Great Britain and Ireland (age 64) created new Garter Knights as follows:

624th John Henry Manners 5th Duke Rutland (age 25).

625th Philip Yorke 3rd Earl of Hardwicke (age 45). His brother Admiral Joseph Sydney Yorke (age 34) stood in for the Earl at the investiture since the Earl was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland at the time and unable to be present.

1804 Sinking of York

In Jan 1804 Captain Henry Reveley Mitford (age 35) drowned during the 1804 Sinking of York.

In Jan 1804 HMS York was sunk having struck Bell Rock with the loss of all 491 on-board. The tragedy resulted in the construction of Bell Rock Lighthouse.

1805 Creation of Garter Knights

Battle of Trafalgar

On 21 Oct 1805 Frank Abney-Hastings (age 11) fought aboard HMS Neptune at the Battle of Trafalgar.

On 21 Oct 1805 Horatio Nelson 1st Viscount Nelson (age 47) was killed in action at the Battle of Trafalgar.

On 21 Oct 1805 Admiral Henry Digby (age 35) commanded Africa at Cape Trafalgar during the Battle of Trafalgar.

Richard King 2nd Baronet (age 30) captained HMS Achille, the seventh ship in Collingwood's division. Achille was heavily engaged, chasing off the Spanish Montanez and the battling alongside HMS Belleisle with the Argonauta. Whilst chasing this ship through the melee, Achille was cut off by her namesake, the French Achille, with whom she began a savage cannonade until joined by the French ship Berwick, whom Achille turned her attention on.

George Alexander Barker (age 20) served on The Swiftsure.

Funeral of Horatio Nelson

The London Gazette 15881. 09 Jan 1806. Early in the Morning of Thursday the 9th Instant, His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales (age 43), Their Royal Highnesses the Dukes of the Blood Royal, with several of the Great Officers, and the Nobility and Gentry, in their Carriages; the Relations of the Deceased, with the Officers and others of his Household, the Officers of Armss, and a Number of Naval Officers, in Mourning Coaches, assembled in Hyde Park; having been admitted at Cumberland and Grosvenor Gates upon producing Tickets issued from the College of Arms.; and, having there been marshalled within the Rails, proceeded, One by One, across Piccadilly, into St. James's Park, by the Gate at the top of Constitution Hill, and onwards, through the Horse Guards, to the Admiralty, in the Order in which they were to move in the Procession.

The Chief Mourner, with his Supporters and Train-Bearer, and the several Naval Officers to whom Duties were assigned in the Solemnity, assembled at the Admiralty: the Seamen and Marines of the Victory, the Pensioners from Greenwich Hospital, the Watermen of the Deceased, the Six Conductors, the Messenger of the College of Arms, and the Marshal's-Men, with the Trumpets and Drums, were stationed in the Admiralty Yard.

On 09 Jan 1806 the funeral of Horatio Nelson 1st Viscount Nelson was held at St Paul's Cathedral [Map].

Abolition of the Slave Trade

On 25 Mar 1807 the Slave Trade Act received Royal Assent. The Act prohibited the slave trade in the British Empire. The Bill was first introduced to Parliament in January 1807. It went to the House of Commons on 10 Feb 1807. After a debate lasting ten hours, the House agreed to the second reading of the bill to abolish the Atlantic slave trade by an overwhelming 283 votes for to 16. The Act took effect on 01 May 1807.

The last legal slave voyage was that of Kitty's Amelia which sailed on 27 Jul 1807 having received permission to sail on 27 Apr 1807 before the Act came into force. Kitty's Amelia arrived with 233 slaves at Jamaica 25 Jan 1808.

Opening of the First Passenger Railway

On 25 Mar 1807 the Oystermouth Railway Company, aka Swansea and Mumbles Railway, commenced the first Passenger Railway Service between Swansea and Oystermouth. The service was horse-drawn.

Battle of Roliça

On 17 Aug 1808 the Battle of Roliça an Anglo-Portuguese army under Sir Arthur Wellesley defeated an outnumbered Imperial French division under General of Division Henri François Delaborde, near the village of Roliça in Portugal.

General Henry Fane (age 29) commanded.

Battle of Vimeiro

On 21 Aug 1808 the Battle of Vimeiro was fought at which Earl of Wellington (age 39) defeated the French under Major-General Jean-Andoche Junot near the village of Vimeiro.

General Thomas Bradford (age 30) fought.

Battle of Sahagún

On 21 Dec 1808 Henry William Paget 1st Marquess Anglesey (age 40) defeated two regiments of French cavalry.

Battle of Benavente

On 29 Dec 1808 Henry William Paget 1st Marquess Anglesey (age 40) commanded the cavalry at the Battle of Benavente whe defeated the elite Chasseurs à cheval of the French Imperial Guard.

Battle of Corunna

On 16 Jan 1809 the Battle of Corunna was fought when a French corps under Marshal of the Empire Jean de Dieu Soult attacked a British army under Lieutenant-General Sir John Moore.

Brother General Thomas Bradford (age 31) and Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Hollis Bradford (age 27) fought.

First Battle of Oporto

Around 1814. Attributed to Martin Archer Shee (age 44). Portrait of General Edward Paget (age 38). A three-quarter-length potrait in military uniform, against a background of sky. The painting shows him without his right arm which he lost at the First Battle of Oporto. Probably painted shortly after his release from the French, 1814.

General Edward Paget: On 03 Nov 1775 he was born to Henry Bayly-Paget 1st Earl Uxbridge and Jane Champagné Countess Uxbridge. On 13 May 1849 General Edward Paget died.

Battle of Talavera

On 27 Jul 1809 Edward Methuen Irby (age 21) was killed at the Battle of Talavera.

Between 27 Jul 1809 and 28 Jul 1809 the Battle of Talavera, part of the Peninsular War, was fought between an Anglo Spanish army commanded by Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke Wellington (age 40) against the French. The French army withdrew at night after several of its attacks had been repulsed. Following the battle Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke Wellington was created 1st Viscount Wellington of Talavera.

Hugh Gough 1st Viscount Gough (age 29) commanded the 2nd Battalion of the 87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot.

General Henry Fane (age 30) commanded the 3rd Prince of Wales Dragoon Guards, 4th Queen's Own Dragoons.

Battle of Barrosa

On 05 Mar 1811 the Battle of Barrosa aka Chichlana was fought. During the battle, a single British division defeated two French divisions and captured a regimental eagle.

Hugh Gough 1st Viscount Gough (age 31) fought.

Assassination of Primeminister Spencer Perceval

On 11 May 1812 Spencer Perceval (age 49) was assassinated at House of Commons. Robert Jenkinson 2nd Earl Liverpool (age 41) was appointed Prime Minister.

At 5:15 pm, on the evening of 11 May 1812, Perceval was on his way to attend the inquiry into the Orders in Council. As he entered the lobby of the House of Commons, a man stepped forward, drew a pistol and shot him in the chest. The assassin, John Bellingham, was a merchant who believed he had been unjustly imprisoned in Russia and was entitled to compensation from the government, but all his petitions had been rejected.

Perceval left a widow and twelve children aged between three and twenty. Parliament voted to settle £50,000 on Perceval's children, with additional annuities for his widow and eldest son.

On 18 May 1812 John Bellingham was hanged at Newgate Prison, London [Map]. René Martin Pillet says ...

This unfortunate man had presented several memorials, and had repeatedly demanded audience, but they had given him no answer. Driven to despair, he presented himself at the door of the house of commons, waited for the prime minister, Mr. Percival, and shot him. He was seized, confessed the crime, was tried, condemned to be hung, and executed a few days after. At the time of execution an immense crowd filled the public square, and these expressions were heard on every side: Farewell poor man, you owe satisfaction to the offended laws of your country, but God bless you! you have rendered an important service to your country, you have tdugllt ministers that they should do justice, and grant audience when it is asked of them.

A subscription was opened for the widow and children, and a handsome sum was raised. Their fortune was ten times greater than they could ever have expected in any other situation.

Battle of Salamanca

On 22 Jul 1812 the Battle of Salamanca was fought at which an Anglo-Portuguese army under the Earl of Wellington (age 43) defeated Marshal Auguste Marmont's French forces at Arapiles [Map].

Brother General Thomas Bradford (age 34) and Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Hollis Bradford (age 31) fought.

Major-General John Le Marchant (age 46) was killed in action. Wellington is reported as saying to Le Marchant that he must take the first favourable opportunity to engage the enemy's infantry, "You must then charge at all hazards" was his final instruction. Following up the attack of the 5th Infantry Division Le Marchant led the 3rd and 4th Dragoons and the 5th Dragoon Guards in what was probably the most destructive charge made by a single brigade of cavalry in the whole Napoleonic period. The left wing of the French army were on the point of being defeated by the 3rd and 5th divisions of Anglo-Portuguese infantry when Le Marchant's dragoons charged in and destroyed battalion after battalion. Many of the French infantrymen sought the protection of the British infantry to escape the sabres of the dragoons. Le Marchant, knowing he had achieved a magnificent success, was leading a squadron against the last of the formed French infantry when he was shot and his spine broken. See Fletcher's "Galloping at Everything: The British Cavalry in the Peninsula and at Waterloo 1808-15". Spellmount, Staplehurst. ISBN 1-86227-016-3. 1999, pp. 185–188.

Publication of Pride and Predjudice

On 28 Jan 1813 Jane Austen's (age 37) novel Pride and Predjudice was first published by Thomas Egerton Publisher of Whitehall.

Battle of Vitoria

On 21 Jun 1813 Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Fane (age 32) was killed in action at the Battle of Vitoria.

On 21 Jun 1813 the Battle of Vitoria was fought between a British, Portuguese and Spanish army under the Marquess of Wellington (age 44) and the French army under King Joseph Bonaparte and Marshal Jean-Baptiste Jourdan.

Brothers General Thomas Bradford (age 35) and Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Hollis Bradford (age 31) fought.

Hugh Gough 1st Viscount Gough (age 33) fought.

General Henry Fane (age 34) commanded.

General Mildmay Fane (age 18) fought.

Battle of Bayonne

On 14 Apr 1814 was a sortie by the French garrison of Bayonne led by General of Division Pierre Thouvenot against a besieging force of British, Portuguese, and Spanish troops commanded by Lieutenant General John Hope. The fighting marked the last major battle of the Peninsular War.

Battle of New Orléans

On 08 Jan 1815 Edward "Ned" Pakenham (age 36) was killed at New Orléans during the Battle of New Orléans.

Battle of Quatre Bras

On 16 Jun 1815 Henry William Paget 1st Marquess Anglesey (age 47) fought and Algernon Frederick Greville (age 16) fought.

James Hay (age 18) was killed.

Fletcher Norton 3rd Baron Grantley (age 16) fought.

General Mildmay Fane (age 20) and Thomas Elmsley Croft 7th Baronet (age 16) were wounded.

On 18 Jun 1815 the Battle of Waterloo was fought.

Beaumont Hotham 3rd Baron Hotham (age 20) was present.

Charles Augustus Fitzroy (age 19) was wounded.

Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Edward Irby (age 31) fought.

Henry William Paget 1st Marquess Anglesey (age 47) led the charge of the British heavy cavalry against Comte d'Erlon's column which checked and in part routed the French Army. He was hit by one of the last cannon shots of the day necessitating the amputation of this leg during the Battle of Quatre Bras.

Fletcher Norton 3rd Baron Grantley (age 16) fought and was wounded.

Charles Francis Rowley Lascelles fought.

Edward Kerrison 1st Baronet (age 38) commanded his Regiment.

George Orlando Gunning (age 18) was killed whilst serving as a Lieutenant in the 10th Hussars.

On 19 Jun 1815 Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Gordon (age 29) died having had his leg amputated the previous day.

Battle of Waterloo

Between 1810 and 1814 Trevor Wheler 9th Baronet (age 17) served in the Peninsular Wars. He was present at the Battle of Waterloo.

On 18 Jun 1815 Frederick Howard (age 29) was killed during the Battle of Waterloo. He was buried at Castle Howard Mausoleum Castle Howard.

On 18 Jun 1815 Henry Lascelles 3rd Earl Harewood (age 18) fought at the Battle of Waterloo.

On 18 Jun 1815 Major-General William Ponsonby (age 42) was killed at the Battle of Waterloo.

On 18 Jun 1815 Edward Hawkins Cheney (age 36) fought at the Battle of Waterloo.

On 18 Jun 1815 Algernon Frederick Greville (age 16) fought at Battle of Waterloo.

On 18 Jun 1815 the Battle of Waterloo was fought.

Beaumont Hotham 3rd Baron Hotham (age 20) was present.

Charles Augustus Fitzroy (age 19) was wounded.

Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Edward Irby (age 31) fought.

Henry William Paget 1st Marquess Anglesey (age 47) led the charge of the British heavy cavalry against Comte d'Erlon's column which checked and in part routed the French Army. He was hit by one of the last cannon shots of the day necessitating the amputation of this leg during the Battle of Quatre Bras.

Fletcher Norton 3rd Baron Grantley (age 16) fought and was wounded.

Charles Francis Rowley Lascelles fought.

Edward Kerrison 1st Baronet (age 38) commanded his Regiment.

George Orlando Gunning (age 18) was killed whilst serving as a Lieutenant in the 10th Hussars.

On 19 Jun 1815 Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Gordon (age 29) died having had his leg amputated the previous day.

After 18 Jan 1867. Melbourne Cemetery [Map]. Grave of Ensign Henry Edward Gooch of the Coldstream Guards, one of four men responsble for the pivotal closing of the gate at Hougomont Chateau during the Battle of Waterloo.

"Emma" published by Jane Austen

On 23 Dec 1815 the book "Emma" by Jane Austen (age 40) was first published (Note. the title page stated 1816).

Creation of Irish Earls

On 22 Jan 1816 two new Irish Eardom's were created ...

Richard White 1st Earl Bantry (age 48) was created 1st Earl Bantry. Margaret Anne Hare Countess Bantry by marriage Countess Bantry.

Richard Butler 1st Earl Glengall (age 40) was created 1st Earl Glengall.

Death of Princess Charlotte

On 13 Feb 1818 Richard Croft 6th Baronet (age 56) shot himself as a consequence of the death of Princess Charlotte Augusta Hanover to whom he had been physician during her labour. A copy of Shakespeare's Love's Labour's Lost was found open with the passage (Act V, Scene II): "Fair Sir, God save you! Where is the Princess?". He was buried at St James' Church, Piccadilly.His son Thomas Elmsley Croft 7th Baronet (age 19) succeeded 7th Baronet Croft of Croft Castle in Herefordshire.

Adeline Horsey Recollections. After my dear mother's death I visited a great deal with my father (age 53), and one year we went for the shooting to Lord Huntingfield's place, Heveningham Hall, Suffolk. I slept in the bedroom once occupied by the famous Chevalier d'Éon, who had been a frequent guest at Heveningham, and about whom there were many stories told. It was said that the Chevalier was the one and only lover of cross-grained Queen Charlotte, and that her son, George IV, was the result of their intimacy, although his paternity was of course admitted by King George III. The animosity always displayed by the old Queen to her grand-daughter, Princess Charlotte, was supposed to arise from the fact that as heiress to the throne she innocently dispossessed the other Royal Dukes from the succession. It is certainly a fact that the Princess's untimely death in childbirth was attributed to foul play at the time, and when later the accoucheur Sir Richard Croft, committed suicide, all classes of society were loud in condemnation of the Queen and the Prince Regent. I do not vouch for the accuracy of Queen Charlotte's love affair. I only give the Heveningham gossip as I heard it.

Note A. D'Eon was undoubtedly one of the most picturesque and mysterious personages of the eighteenth century I was naturally interested in these somewhat scandalous stories.

The Chevalier died when he was eighty-three years of age, after a most extraordinary career. He was at one time aide-de-camp to the Comte de Broglie, and fought in the French army; but later on for some mysterious reason he discarded man's attire and passed as a woman for thirty-four years. Often when I went into my room I half expected to see a ghostly figure seated at the escritoire where the Chevalier wrote his secret cipher communications, and I wondered whether the brocade crowns and frills and furbelows that he wore as a woman had ever hung in the old wardrobe which I used.

My father and I also stayed with the Westmorlands at Apethorpe Hall; we visited the Earl (age 38) and Countess of Chichester (age 36) at Stanmer Park, and we were welcome guests at Cadlands, Silverlands, Chiswick House, West Park, and my uncle Lord Stradbroke's place, Henham Hall, which was afterwards burnt down.

I had visited Deene Park, Northamptonshire [Map] with my mother in 1842, but I must deal with my future home in the chapter devoted to Deene and its associations.

1818 General Election

In 1818 Peregrine Cust (age 26) was elected MP Honiton during the 1818 General Election.

Death of Charles XIII King Sweden

On 05 Feb 1818 Charles XIII King Sweden (age 69) died.

Death of King George III

On 29 Jan 1820 King George III of Great Britain and Ireland (age 81) died at Windsor Castle [Map]. His reign the third longest after Victoria and Elizabeth II. His son King George IV of Great Britain and Ireland (age 57) succeeded IV King Great Britain and Ireland. Caroline of Brunswick Queen Consort England (age 51) by marriage Queen Consort England.

Funeral of King George III

Coronation of King George IV

The London Gazette 17724. 09 Jul 1821. Whitehall. .

The King has been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignities of Viscount, Earl, and Marquess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to Charles Earl of Ailesbury (age 48), Knight of the Most Ancient aud Most Noble Order of the Thistle, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, stiles, and titles of Viscount Savernake, of Savernake-Forest, in the county of Wilts, Earl Bruce, of Whorlton, in the county of York, and Marquess of Ailesbury, in the county of Buckingham

The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of an Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to Edward Viscount Falmouth (age 34), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Earl of Falmouth, in the county of Cornwall. [Anne Frances Bankes Countess Falmouth (age 31) by marriage Countess Falmouth.]

The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of an Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to Richard William Penn Viscount Curzon (age 24), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Earl Howe. [Note. Harriet Georgiana Brudenell Countess Howe (age 22) by marriage Countess Howe.]

The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignities of Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to John Sommers Baron Sommers (age 61), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, stiles, and titles of Viscount Eastnor, of Eastnor Castle, in the county of Hereford, and Earl Sommers.

The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignities of Viscount and Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to John Baron Rous (age 71), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, stiles, and titles of Viscount Dunwich and Earl of Stradbroke, in the county of Suffolk.

The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of Viscount of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to Richard Earl of Donoughmore (age 65), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Viscount Hutchinson, of Knocklofty, in the county of Tipperary; with remainder, in default of such issue male, to the heirs male of the body of Christian Baroness Donoughmore, deceased (mother of the said Richard Earl of Donoughmore), by John Hely Hutchinson, Esq. also deceased.

The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting: the dignity ot a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to William Marquess of Lothian (age 57), Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotton, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Ker, of Kersheugh, in the county of Roxburgh.

The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to Henry Marquess Conyngham (age 54), Knight of the Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Minster, of Minster-Abbey, in the county of Kent.

The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to James Earl of Ormonde and Ossory (age 43), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotton, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Ormonde, of Llanthony, in the county of Monmouth; with remainder, in default of such issue male, to his brother the Honourable Charles Howard Butler Clarke (age 40), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten. [Note. Grace Louisa Staples Marchioness Ormonde by marriage Baroness Ormonde of Llanthony in Monmouthshire.]

The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to Francis Earl of Wemyss and March (age 49), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Wemyss, of Wemyss, in the county of Fife.

The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to Robert Earl of Roden (age 32), Knight of the Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Clanbrassill, of Hyde-Hall, in the county of Hertford, and Dundalk, in the county of Louth.

The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting, the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to George Earl of Kingston (age 50), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Kingston, of Mitchelstown, in the county of Cork.

The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to Thomas Earl of Longford (age 47), Knight of the Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile and title of Baron Silchester, of Silchester, in the county of Southampton.

The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom ef Great Britain and Ireland, to James Murray (age 39), Esq. (commonly called Lord James Murray), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten by the name, stile, and title of Baron Glenlyon of Glenlyon, in the county of Perth. [Note. Emily Frances Percy Baroness Goldolphin Helston (age 33) by marriage Baroness Glenlyon of Glenlyon in Perthshire.]

The King has also been pleased to direct letters:patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting1 the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourable William Wellesley Pole (age 58), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Maryborough, of Maryborough, in the Queen's-County.

The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourable John Foster (age 81), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotton, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Oriel, of Ferrard, in the county of Louth.

The King has also been pleased to direct letters;patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to the Right Honourtable Sir William Scott (age 75), Knt and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Stowell, of Stowell Park, in the county of Gloucester

The King has also been pleased to direct letters matent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to Sir Thomas Henry Liddell (age 46), Bart, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Ravensworth, of Ravenswortb-Castle, in the county-palatine of Durham, and of Eslington, in the county of Northumberland. [Note. Maria Susannah Simpson Baroness Calthorpe (age 48) by marriage Baroness Ravensworth of Ravensworth Castle in County Durham.]

The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity to a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to Thomas Cholmondeley (age 53), Esq. of Vale-Royal, in the county-palatine of Chester, and to the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Delamere, of Vale-Royal, in the said county. [Note. Henrietta Elizabeth Williams-Wynn Baroness Delamere by marriage Baroness Delamere of Vale Royal in Cheshire.]

The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to Cecil Weld Forester (age 54), Esq. of Willey-Park, in the county of Salop, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Forester, of Willey-Park, in the said county. [Note. Katherine Mary Manners Baroness Forester by marriage Baroness Forester of Willey Park in Shropshire.]

The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baroness of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to Charlotte Mary Gertrude Strutt (age 63) (commonly called Lady Charlotte Mary Gertrude Strutt), and the heirs male of her body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baroness Rayleigh, of Terling-place in the county of Essex.

On 19 Jul 1821 King George IV of Great Britain and Ireland (age 58) was crowned IV King Great Britain and Ireland.

King George IV of Great Britain and Ireland barred Caroline of Brunswick Queen Consort England (age 53) from attending the Coronation. She attempted to attend but was turned away at the doors of Westminster Abbey. Refused entry at both the doors to the East Cloister and the doors to the West Cloister, Caroline attempted to enter via Westminster Hall, where many guests were gathered before the service began. A witness described how the Queen stood at the door fuming as bayonets were held under her chin until the deputy lord chamberlain had the doors slammed in her face. Henry Brougham recorded his distaste.1. She died three weeks later.

William Cavendish 6th Duke Devonshire (age 31) carried the Orb at Westminster Abbey [Map].

Kenneth Alexander Howard 1st Earl of Effingham (age 53) attended as Deputy Earl Marshal as a result of Henry Howard-Molyneux-Howard (age 54).

See Creevy Papers.

Creevy Papers. Henry Brougham, M.P., to Mr. Creevey (at Cantley1) 26th July [1821].

Dear C,

The Queen (age 53) certainly goes to Scotland. . I should not wonder if she were to go thro' the manufacturing districts. Possibly Birmingham (where the K. refused to go) may be in her way. It is on the cards that she should be found in the W. Riding and in Lancashire. For aught I know H. M. may then pass across towards Durham and Newcastle. Indeed the great towns are peculiarly interesting to a person of her contemplative cast. One whose mind is improved by foreign travel naturally loves tracts of country where the population is much crowded, and it is worthy of H. M.'s enlightened mind to patronise the ingenuous artizan. The coal trade, too, is highly interesting. I only hope she may not call at Howick on her way .... The time of her setting out is not fixed, depending naturally upon her beloved husband's motions .... The Chamberlain's place is not yet given away. The Ministers are believed to have resolved to bear this no longer, and to have agreed on a remonstrance to the K. about the Green Ribbons2. He will, of course, say something civil that means little — make some promise that means less — let them name to one place, name to the other himself— and so settle matters as to enable him to go over to Ireland .... The Queen has lost incalculably by getting out of her carnage and tramping about ; going and being refused, and damaging the Coronation, was all very well, but the way of doing it was very bad ...."

Note 1. Michael Angelo Taylor's place in Yorkshire,

Note 2. The King had been creating Knights of the Thistle without taking the advice of his Ministers.

1827 Shrigley Abduction

On 07 Mar 1827 Ellen Turner (age 16) was abducted from Margaret Daulby's elite boarding school for girls in Liverpool by, Edward Thevenot, a servant of Edward Gibbon Wakefield (age 30). Edward Gibbon Wakefield and Ellen Turner were married at Gretna Green, Dumfrieshire, she believing she was marrying to protect her father from financial ruin. After the marriage they set out for France, another jurisdiction, where he intended they settle as man and wife. He was subsequently arrested, tried and imprisoned.

Death of King George IV

Coronation of William IV

On 19 Jul 1821 Kenneth Alexander Howard 1st Earl of Effingham (age 53) attended as Deputy Earl Marshal as a result of Henry Howard-Molyneux-Howard (age 54) being ill at Westminster Abbey [Map] during the Coronation of William IV.

On 08 Sep 1831 Arthur Chichester 1st Baron Templemore (age 34) was created 1st Baron Templemore of Templemore in Donegal during the Coronation of William IV. Augusta Paget Baroness Templemore (age 29) by marriage Baroness Templemore of Templemore in Donegal.

On 08 Sep 1831 William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 65) bore the Third Sword at the Coronation of William IV.

On 08 Sep 1831 King William IV of the United Kingdom (age 66) was crowned IV King Great Britain and Ireland at Westminster Abbey [Map].

Kenneth Alexander Howard 1st Earl of Effingham (age 63) attended as Deputy Earl Marshal as a result of Henry Howard-Molyneux-Howard being ill.

Thomas William Anson 1st Earl Lichfield (age 35) was created 1st Earl Lichfield. Louisa Barbara Catherine Phillips Countess Lichfield (age 31) by marriage Countess Lichfield.

1835 Marriage Act

In Aug 1835 the 1835 Marriage Act made marriage between those of certain degrees of affinity (in-laws) and consanguinity (blood) as defined in the Anglican Book of Common Prayer illegal including marrying the spouse of one's deceased relative. Those with sufficient funds could overcome the prohibition by marrying abroad. Gretna Green, Dumfrieshire also appears to have been outside the jurisdiction of the Act.

On 28 Sep 1840 George Edward Waldegrave 7th Earl Waldegrave (age 24) and Frances Braham Countess Waldegrave (age 19) were married at Gretna Green, Dumfrieshire thereby avoiding the constraint of the 1835 Marriage Act. He being the legitimate younger brother of her first husband John James Waldegrave; an example of Married to Two Siblings. He the son of John James Waldegrave 6th Earl Waldegrave. He a great x 4 grandson of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland.

In Nov 1875 William Holman Hunt (age 48) and Marion Edith Waugh (age 28) were married at Neuchâtel, Switzerland since marrying your late wife's sister was illegal in England - see 1835 Marriage Act. She his first wife's younger sister contrary to English Law; an example of Married to Two Siblings. His brother-in-law Thomas Woolner (age 49) considered the marriage immoral; they never spoke again.

Death of King William IV Succession of Queen Victoria

1880. Henry Tanworth Wells (age 51). Portrait of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (age 60) being informed she was Queen by Francis Nathaniel Conyngham 2nd Marquess Conyngham and Archbishop William Howley.Death of King William IV Succession of Queen Victoria