Culture, General Things, Church Monuments, Church Monument Periods, Fluted Period

Fluted Period is in Church Monument Periods.

The Fluted Period is characterised by effigies being bare-headed with no facial hair, with a Standard protecting the neck, and with a two piece breast-plate. It commencesa round 1460 and ends around 1530. It is sometimes described as the Yorkist Period, commencing when the Yorkist reign commenced, although it applies to both Yorkists and Lancastrians.


Portraits generic bar changes in hair length, and the occasional detail such as hair curls. Especially when compared to the work of later sculptors such as Chantrey, Roubiliac, Nollekens, Westmacott, etc who had access to images of the deceased and whose work clearly shows differences in faces. Gardner in his 1939 book "Alabaster Tombs of the Pre-Reformation Period in England", page 24, states "Portraiture: In seeking to identify the figures on the tombs with actual persons it must be borne in mid that portraiture, in the modern sense of the word, can hardly be said to have existed in medieval times. It is possibly that here and there some attempt to conform to the general type of the person represented, especially in the case of kings or very great people, but the images seem to have paid far greater attention to costume and armour, to badges of rank or fashionable head-dress than to the actual features of the deceased. ... If we look through a series of photographs we cannot fail to notice how they all conform to the fashionable type of the period." Ray State in his 2017 book "The Alabaster Carvers", page 38, states "Most medieval effigies were not portraits. They were not the work of incompetent masons but were intended to represent types. A man in armour of the finest sort with a wife dressed in accordance with the fashion of the period made a statement. In fact, costume was all important." Tobias Capwell in his 2015 book "Armour of the English Knight 1400-1450", pages 36-37, has an interesting discussion about whether effigies were portraits drawing attention to some examples that appear to be, and that some of the effigies were painted which may have allowed for additional detail ... "The point is that while the face may seem to lack individual personality, the armour does not. Perhaps it is not a portrait of a face, but it most certainly is a portrait of an armour." Capwell also quotes Saul's book of 2009 page 143, which I don't have, "it goes without saying that medieval effigies were not portraits." Capwell concludes "Perhaps therefore we may consider the military effigy to have been intended as a portrait of the armour, if not the man inside."


The photos are of a harness based on the effigy at Church of St Michael and All Angels, Thornhill [Map] commissioned by Mark Dowling from armourer Fred Ryall. Photos by permission of Mark Dowling.

In 1406 John Curzon died. Monument in All Saints Church, Kedleston [Map]. Fluted Period. Lancastrian Esses Collar. Reset in tomb recess with depressed crocketed and pinnacled ogee arch, with shields above. This effigy is somewhat anomalous being much earlier than other Fluted Period effigies. It may have been decades after John Curzon died, or may be a mis-attribution, or the effigy may have been placed into the arch from another monument at a later date.

John Curzon: John Curzon and Eleanor Twyford were married. He was born to Roger Curzon.

In 1436 John Greystoke 4th Baron Greystoke (age 47) died. He was buried at St Andrew's Church, Greystoke [Map]. His son Ralph Greystoke 5th Baron Greystoke (age 22) succeeded 5th Baron Greystoke. Monument in St Andrew's Church, Greystoke [Map]. Fluted Period. His Pauldrons are unusual in their style. His arms are fully encased in plate with a couter (or coude) protecting the elbow joint. Fine detail of the straps that held the armour in place may be seen on the underarms. A gorget, has replaced the camail. His head is, very unusually, bare as is his face, his hair cut in the style so typical of portraits of Henry V. The effigy was possibly made somewhat after John's death or, possibly, that the effigy has been incorrectly assigned. His head rests on the decorated tournament helm. He wears the Lancastrian Esses Collar. John had supported the usurpation of Richard II by Henry IV in the 1390s; staunch Lancastrians. John had married, in 1407, Elizabeth Ferrers, daughter of Joan Beaufort, daughter of John of Gaunt, son of King Edward III. Two sword belts: diagonal (bawdric) and horizontal. The jupon, beneath the waist has been replaced by a fauld; horizontal strips of metal that wrap around.

John Greystoke 4th Baron Greystoke: In 1389 he was born to Ralph Greystoke 3rd Baron Greystoke (age 35) and Catherine Clifford Baroness Greystoke (age 20). On 28 Oct 1407 John Greystoke 4th Baron Greystoke (age 18) and Elizabeth Ferrers Baroness Greystoke (age 14) were married at Greystoke Castle Greystoke. She by marriage Baroness Greystoke. She a great granddaughter of King Edward III of England. On 06 Apr 1418 Ralph Greystoke 3rd Baron Greystoke (age 64) died. He was buried at Newminster Abbey. His son John Greystoke 4th Baron Greystoke (age 29) succeeded 4th Baron Greystoke.

Ralph Greystoke 5th Baron Greystoke: Around 1414 he was born to John Greystoke 4th Baron Greystoke (age 25) and Elizabeth Ferrers Baroness Greystoke (age 21). He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. In or before 1436 Ralph Greystoke 5th Baron Greystoke (age 22) and Elizabeth Fitzhugh Baroness Greystoke were married. She by marriage Baroness Greystoke. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. Chronicle of Gregory 1460. Then the Quene (age 30) havynge knowelechynge of thys praty whyle sche sende unto the Duke of Somersett (age 24), at that tyme beynge in Dorset schyre at the Castelle of Corffe, and for the Erle of Devyschyre (age 28), and for Elysaundyr Hody, and prayde hem to com to hyr as hastely as they myght, with hyr tenantys as stronge in hyr harnys as men of warre, for the Lorde Rosse (age 33), the Lorde Clyfforde (age 25), the Baron of Grestocke (age 46), the Lorde Nevyle (age 50), the Lorde Latymer (age 53), were waytyng a-pon the Duke of Excete[r] (age 30) to mete with hyr at Hulle. And thys mater was not taryd but fulle prevely i-wrought; and she sende letters unto alle hyr ehyffe offycers that they wold doo the same, and that they shulde warne alle the servantys that lovyd hyr or purposyd to kepe and rejoyse hyr ofYysce, to wayte a-pon hyr at Hulle by that day as hit a-poyntyd by hyr. Alle thes pepylle were gaderyd and conveyde so prevely that they wer hole in nombyr of xvM [Note. 15000] or any man wolde be-leve hyt; in so moche yf any man sayde, or tolde, or talkyd of suche gaderyng, he shulde be schende, and sum were in grete donger, for the comyn pepylle sayde by thoo that tolde the, troughthe, "Ye talke ryght ye wolde hit were," and gave noo credens of hyr sayynge. But the laste the lordys purposyd to knowe the troughthe. And the ix day of December nexte folowyng the Duke of Yorke (age 49), the Erle of Salysbury (age 60), the Erle Rutlond (age 17) (he was the Duke of Yorke ys secunde sone, one the beste dysposyd lorde in thys londe), and Syr Thomas Haryngdon (age 60), whythe many mo knyghtys and quyers and grete pepylle with hem, and soo departyd owte of London towarde Yorke, &c. Calendars. 17 Mar 1465. Grant to the king's kinsman Ralph, lord of Graystok (age 51), knight, and the, heirs male of his body of the manors and lordships of Storthwayte, Garton and Melburne, co. York, with their members, worth 60/. yearly, and the advowson or patronage of the priory of Kirkeham, co. York, worth nothings and the manor of Ravensthorp, co. York, worth 35/. yearly, the custody of which was granted by letters patent dated 5 November, 1 Edward IV. to Robert Danby and Thomas Wytham (age 45), chancellor of the Exchequer, for 20 years from Michaelmas then last past at a rent of 26/. 13s, 4d. yearly, with a toft and a bovate of land in Boltby, co. York, late of John son of William de la Boure, worth 2^. yearly, and the said 26/. 13^. 4d. and all issues and arrears of the above premises from 3 March before the said 5 November, and pardon to the said Ralph, Robert and Thomas of all accounts for the same. By p.s. Vacated by surrender and cancelled because the king granted the above I to him and the heirs male of his body by other letters patent on 30 November, 8 Edward IV. On 01 Jun 1487 Ralph Greystoke 5th Baron Greystoke (age 73) died. His granddaughter Elizabeth Greystoke 6th Baroness Greystoke Baroness Dacre Gilsland (age 15) succeeded 6th Baroness Greystoke.

Around 1442. Monument to Richard Dalton of Apethorpe -1442. Unusual floor slab effigy. Armour later than 1442 circa 1500. Fluted Period. Church of St Leonard, Apethorpe [Map].

After 1443. St Peter's Church, Chillingham [Map]. Alabaster effigies of Ralph Grey and Elizabeth Fitzhugh on sandstone base. Fluted Period. Lancastrian Esses Collar.

Ralph Grey: In 1406 he was born to Thomas Grey of Werke and Heaton (age 21) and Alice Neville. On 10 Dec 1427 Ralph Grey (age 21) and Elizabeth Fitzhugh were married. She the daughter of Henry Fitzhugh 3rd Baron Fitzhugh and Elizabeth Grey Baroness Fitzhugh (age 63). He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England. On 17 Mar 1442 Ralph Grey (age 36) died.

Elizabeth Fitzhugh: She was born to Henry Fitzhugh 3rd Baron Fitzhugh and Elizabeth Grey Baroness Fitzhugh.

John Curzon: Around 1380 he was born to Richard Curzon at Kedleston. Before 1412 John Curzon (age 32) and Joan Bagot (age 11) were married. The difference in their ages was 20 years.

Joan Bagot: Around 1400 she was born to John Bagot (age 43) and Beatrice Mallory (age 30).

Robert Hungerford 2nd Baron Hungerford: In 1400 he was born to Walter Hungerford 1st Baron Hungerford (age 21) and Eleanor or Catherine Peverell at Farleigh Hungerford. Around 1408 Robert Hungerford 2nd Baron Hungerford (age 8) and Margaret Botreaux 4th Baroness Botreaux Baroness Hungerford were married. They were third cousin once removed. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Henry III of England. Chronicle of Gregory 1439. 30 Apr 1439. And the laste day of Aprylle deyde the Erle of Warwyke (age 57) at Roone. Ande the same yere the Cardynalle Archebyschoppe of Yorke (age 59), the Byschoppe of Northewyche (age 51), the Byschoppe of Syn Davys and many othyr docters, and the Duke of Northefolke (age 23), the Erle of Stafford (age 36), the Lorde Bowcer, and the Lorde Hungerforde (age 39), with a grete mayny, wente unto Calys; and they hadde the Duke of Orlyaunce (age 44) with hem for to trete of pes by twyne Ingelonde and Fraunce. And there mette with hem the grete lordys of Fraunce, that ys to wyte, of spyrytualle and temporalle, the Archebyschoppe of Raynys (age 59), whythe many moo byschoppys, the Erle of Wendon (age 63), a the Bastarde of Orlyaunce (age 36), and many othyr lordys of Fraunce; and thedyr come the Byschoppe of Spayne and of Colayne, and many moo othyr dyvers contreys that com fro the Counselle of Basylle. On 09 Aug 1449 Walter Hungerford 1st Baron Hungerford (age 71) died at Salisbury. He was buried at the Hungerford Chapel at Salisbury Cathedral. His son Robert Hungerford 2nd Baron Hungerford (age 49) succeeded 2nd Baron Hungerford 1C 1426. Margaret Botreaux 4th Baroness Botreaux Baroness Hungerford by marriage Baroness Hungerford. In 1459 Robert Hungerford 2nd Baron Hungerford (age 59) died. His son Robert Hungerford 3rd Baron Hungerford 1st Baron Moleyns (age 28) succeeded 3rd Baron Hungerford 1C 1426. Eleanor Moleyns Baroness Hungerford (age 32) by marriage Baroness Hungerford.

After 30 Mar 1461. Monument in Church of St Oswald, Methley [Map] to Lionel Welles 6th Baron Welles (deceased) and Joan or Cecily Waterton. He with bobbed hair typical of the period resting on great helm, livery collar of linked chain, standard (the chain mail around the neck), wearing a coat of arms (or (gold) a lion sable (black)), leg garter at the knee, fluted period with tassets that protect the thighs, his feet on a lion. She wearing a horned headdress, her head resting on a cushion supported by angels, small linked collar. Both with hands clasped in prayer with lots of rings. Little dog chewing at her dress. Chest with Angels with Rounded Wings holding Shields. Dogs chewing at her dress with Studded Collar. Angels Supporting Pillow.

Joan or Cecily Waterton: She was born to Robert Waterton Constable and Cecily Fleming. Before 14 Apr 1447 Lionel Welles 6th Baron Welles (age 41) and she were married. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England.

Around 1465. All Saints Church Harewood [Map]. Monument to William Gascoigne XII (age 56) and Margaret Clarell Lady of the Garter. Fluted Period. Suns and Roses Collar. His bare head, with finely detailed hair, no facial hair, rests on an unusual helm which appears to be a Maiden's Face, with an orle. Below the waist faulds and tassets under which mail may be seen. Both rest on a chest tomb with finely detailed weepers on each side. She, on his right, with a Widow's Barbe drawn up to her chin at the finely carved end of her dress two dogs, one pulling at the folds. Dogs chewing at her dress with Studded Collar. Dress Folds at Feet.

William Gascoigne XII: Around 1409 he was born to William Gascoigne (age 43) at Gawthorpe Hall. On 07 Feb 1426 William Gascoigne XII (age 17) and Margaret Clarell Lady of the Garter (age 29) were married. Around 1465 William Gascoigne XII (age 56) died at Gawthorpe Hall. All Saints Church Harewood.

Margaret Clarell Lady of the Garter: Around 1397 she was born to Thomas Clarell of Aldwarke. In or before 1422 Robert Waterton Constable (age 62) and Margaret Clarell Lady of the Garter (age 24) were married. The difference in their ages was 37 years. In 1462 Margaret Clarell Lady of the Garter (age 65) died. Before 17 Sep 1474 John Fitzwilliam (age 77) and she were married.

Around 1470. Church of St John the Baptist Dronfield [Map]. Monument to Richard Barley. Alabaster. Fluted Period. Large Tassets overlaying lames. Chest with Angels with Rounded Wings holding Shields.

On 19 Nov 1473 Nicholas Fitzherbert (age 73) died at Norbury, Derbyshire [Map]. He was buried at Church of St Barlok, Norbury [Map]. Fluted Period. Fine set of weepers. Probably Harpur and Moorecock of Burton on Trent.

Nicholas Fitzherbert: Nicholas Fitzherbert and Alice Booth were married. In 1400 he was born to Henry Fitzherbert (age 35) and Amilia Downes at Norbury, Derbyshire.

Clenched Fist Crest usually left-handed; probably a mistake by the sculptor since left-hand suggests illegitimacy.

Suns and Roses Collar.

Feet resting on a Lion with Chunky Lions Mane.

Chest with Weepers.

Two wives shown on one end.

After 12 Oct 1477. Church of St John The Baptist Kinlet [Map]. Monument to Humphrey Blount (deceased) and Elizabeth Winnington. Fluted Period. He wearing a Suns and Roses Collar. She wearing a fine Horned Headdress with large flap as also detailed in the weepers. Dress Folds at Feet. Dogs chewing at her dress with Studded Collar. Chest with Weepers holding Shields.

Humphrey Blount: In 1421 he was born to John Blount (age 44) and Alice Bere at Rock, Worcestershire. In 1446 William Lichfield died. The estates at Kinlet were inherited by Humphrey Blount (age 25) who was the grandson of John Blount of Sodington who had married Isabella Cornwall who was the aunt of William's wife Elizabeth Cornwall (age 36). In or before 1447 Humphrey Blount (age 26) and Elizabeth Winnington were married. On 12 Oct 1477 Humphrey Blount (age 56) died at Kinlet.

On 02 Mar 1484 Ralph Fitzherbert (age 56) died at Norbury, Derbyshire [Map]. He was buried at Church of St Barlok, Norbury [Map].

On 20 Oct 1490 Elizabeth Marshall (age 53) died. She was buried at Church of St Barlok, Norbury [Map].

Monument to Ralph and Elizabeth. Finely made in Chellaston alabaster of the Fluted Period. Possibly Harpur and Moorecock of Burton on Trent.

Ralph Fitzherbert: Ralph Fitzherbert and Elizabeth Marshall were married. Around 1428 he was born to Nicholas Fitzherbert (age 28) and Alice Booth (age 14) at Norbury, Derbyshire.

Elizabeth Marshall: Around 1437 she was born to John Marshall (age 26).

Bobbed hair with finely detailed ringlets. No facial hair. Suns and Roses Collar and the Fitzherbert Clenched Fist Crest.

His effigy notable for being the only remaining with the Yorkist Boar Pendant (boar of Richard III) on his Suns and Roses Collar.

A finely carved Horned Headdress.

A finely carved collar with Mary and baby Jesus pendant.

Fine Sabatons, the armoured feet, with spurs. Note the Bedesman, looking somewhat bored, under the right foot. Unlikely the sculptor had ever seen a lion. Feet resting on a Lion with Swirling Tail and Chunky Lions Mane.

The chest finely made with weepers on the three extant sides. On one side five single men (a knight, a monk, two merchants and one unknown), and one couple. On the other side women, four single, two duos. Ralph and Elizabeth had twelve children, six male, six female so probable the weepers represent their children, possibly with spouses, possibly with offspring since in the two females duos there is a noticeable difference in height.

Excellent weepers on all sides, probably their issue, possibly with grandchildren, on the longer sides since they had six boys and six girls. Chest with Weepers holding Shields.

On 12 Mar 1487 William Gascoigne (age 35) died at Gawthorpe Hall [Map]. All Saints Church Harewood [Map]. Monument to William Gascoigne (age 35) and Margaret Percy (age 40). Fluted Period. Alabaster chest tomb with a fine array of weepers, possibly their children although too many, women one side, nine men the other, one of which appears with angels wings, possible children and spouses. He wearing a Lancastrian Esses Collar with unusual O links. Clean shaved, no bascinet, his head resting on a helm with bulls head crest. His armour plate over which there appears to be, unusually for the period, a tabard.  The left hand side of his face appears disfigured. Possibly a war wound. She wearing the widow's barbe. Note. Gardner describes this monument as being to Sir John Nevill of Womersley, died 1482. Chest with Weepers. Chest with Angels with Rounded Wings holding Shields. Angels Supporting Pillow.

William Gascoigne: Around 1452 he was born to William Gascoigne XIII (age 22) and Joan Neville (age 18) at Gawthorpe Hall. Before 1467 William Gascoigne (age 15) and Margaret Percy (age 19) were married. She the daughter of Henry Percy 3rd Earl of Northumberland and Eleanor Poynings Countess Northumberland (age 44). They were half second cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. In 1478 William Gascoigne (age 26) was appointed Knight of the Bath. In 1480 William Gascoigne (age 28) received a license to crenellate at Gawthorpe Hall.

Margaret Percy: Around 1447 she was born to Henry Percy 3rd Earl of Northumberland (age 25) and Eleanor Poynings Countess Northumberland (age 25). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

After 1488. All Saints Church, Youlgreave [Map]. Monument to Thomas Cockayne (deceased). An unusual monument insofar as it half-life sized apparently as a result of his dying before his father John Cockayne (age 77). Fluted Period. Suns and Roses Collar. Cockayne Cockerel Crest. Chest with Angels with Rounded Wings. Chest with Weepers holding Shields.

Thomas Cockayne: In 1451 he was born to John Cockayne (age 40) and Agnes Vernon (age 24) at Ashbourne. In or before 1477 Thomas Cockayne (age 26) and Agnes Barlow aka Barley (age 21) were married. Around 1488 Thomas Cockayne (age 37) was killed in a fight with Thomas Burdett, possibly his brother-in-law, at Polsworth over inheritance or dower.

John Cockayne: John Cockayne and Agnes Vernon were married. They were half third cousins. In 1411 he was born to John Cockayne (age 41) and Isabel Shirley at Ashbourne. In May 1504 John Cockayne (age 93) died at Ashbourne.

After 10 May 1490 Alice Southill (age 30) was buried at Church of St Peter and St Paul, Exton, Rutlandshire [Map]. After 05 Nov 1524 John Harrington (age 44) was buried with his wife.

Fluted Period. Esses and Roses Collar.

Alice Southill: Around 1460 she was born to Henry Southill (age 12) at Everingham. Before 10 May 1490 Alice Southill (age 30) died. In 1500 John Harrington (age 19) and she were married. The difference in their ages was 20 years.

John Harrington: After 1480 he was born to Robert Harrington (age 15) at Exton, Rutlandshire. Date adjusted from 1473 to 1480 to be consistent with father's birth in 1465. On 05 Nov 1524 John Harrington (age 44) died at Exton, Rutlandshire.

In 1499 Henry Pierrepont (age 69) died. Fluted Period. Finely carved. Lots of rings on fingers. Suns and Roses Collar. Tomb chest possibly not original. Church of St Edmund Holme Pierrepont [Map].

Henry Pierrepont: In 1430 he was born to Henry Pierrepont (age 22) and Thomasine Melton (age 6) at Holme Pierrepont. In 1464 Henry Pierrepont (age 34) rewarded by King Edward IV of England (age 21) for his good and laudable services at his great cost and charges, and with manifold bodily dangers against the king's rebels levying war against him.

On 30 May 1499 John Cheney 1st Baron Cheyne (age 57) died. Fluted Period. Alabaster Monument at Salisbury Cathedral [Map].

Fluted armour typified by having no headwear, being clean shaven, a breastplate in two pieces and the neck protected by a Standard. Damaged angel, its head removed, holding the cushion on which his head rests. He wearing a Lancastrian Esses Collar with large Esses. Ringed fingers.

Detail of the heavily graffitied Shoulder Garter.

Detail of the heavily graffitied Leg Garter and Poleyn.

Mutilated Lion at his feet with its head missing. The figure beneath his right foot appears to be a Bedesman. That beneath his left foot may be the remains of the means by which a bedesman was originally fixed to the foot. What appears to be a birds foot lying across the lions body is the tail of the lion.

After 22 Jan 1502 John Strelley (age 46) was buried at All Saints' Church Strelley [Map]. Monument to John Strelley (deceased) and Sanchia Willoughby (age 50). Fluted Period. Described as the finest alabaster monument in the country. Chellaston alabaster. Bobbed hair to the shoulder. Feet resting on a Lion, two fine Bedesmen, one male, one female;possibly Harpur and Moorecock of Burton on Trent. Great helm with Saracen's Head Crest, strangled as denoted by the tongue out. Extended mantling. Four arms above the effigies represent, from left to right: Strelley impaled Kempe - his father Robert Strelley and his mother Isabel Kempe, Strelley Arms impaled Willoughby - John and his wife, Strelley impaled Pierrepoint - John's paternal great-grandfather Nicholas Strelley and great-grandmother Elizabeth Pierrepoint.

After 1503. Effigies believed to be of Thomas Sapcote of Burley (deceased) and his wife Joan Fraunceys. Fluted Period. Note the small dogs chewing at her dress suggesting the work undertaken by Harpur and Moorecock of Burton on Trent. Holy Cross Church, Burley-on-the-Hill [Map]. Unusual insofar as he is wearing a helmet which is not typical for the Fluted Period.

Thomas Sapcote of Burley: After 1440 he was born. In or before 1489 Thomas Sapcote of Burley (age 48) and Joan Fraunceys were married. Around 1503 Thomas Sapcote of Burley (age 62) died.

Joan Fraunceys: She was born to John Fraunceys and Isabel de Plessington. On 26 Oct 1492 Isabel de Plessington died. Her daughter Joan Fraunceys inherited Burley-on-the-Hill House.

After 1503. Monument to John de la Pole 2nd Duke of Suffolk and Elizabeth York Duchess Suffolk (age 58) in St Andrew's Church, Wingfield [Map]. Finely made Fluted Period alabaster monument. Both wearing their ducal coronets. He wearing a Leg Garter. His head resting on a great helm with Saracen's Head Crest, feet resting on a Lion. Chunky Lions Mane.

Edith Latimer: Before 1479 John Greene and she were married. Around 1450 she was born to Nicholas Latimer (age 18) and Joan Hody at Duntish. Before 1475 John Mordaunt (age 19) and Edith Latimer (age 24) were married. The date somewhat unreliable. Her first husband John Greene (age 29) is supposed to have died in 1483 which makes the date of her marriage to John Mordaunt (age 19) and the birth of her sons by him unreliable? On 01 Sep 1504 Edith Latimer (age 54) died at Turvey. She was buried at All Saints Church, Turvey.

After 29 Jul 1509. St Mary the Virgin Church, Chipping Norton [Map]. Monument to Richard "The Elder" Croft and Eleanor Cornwall (age 81). Finely made in alabaster. Fluted Period. Two complete effigies,still Gothic in line and detail, on a crocketed niched chest with angels and shields. Chunky Lions Mane. Chest with Weepers. Chest with Angels with Rounded Wings holding Shields. Gabled Headress with Lappets.

Richard "The Elder" Croft: He was born to William Croft in Croft Castle. Before 1458 Richard "The Elder" Croft and Agnes or Annes Fox were married. In or before 1470 Richard "The Elder" Croft and Eleanor Cornwall (age 41) were married. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England. On 29 Jul 1509 he died in Croft Castle.

Eleanor Cornwall: In 1428 she was born to Edmund Cornwall (age 46) and Elizabeth Barre at Burford. Around 1454 Hugh Mortimer (age 25) and Eleanor Cornwall (age 26) were married. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England. On 23 Dec 1519 Eleanor Cornwall (age 91) died at Yarpole.

On 27 Sep 1510 Edward Redman Lord Harewood (age 55) died. All Saints Church Harewood [Map]. Monument to Edward Redman Lord Harewood (age 55) and Elizabeth Huddlestone Baroness Harewood (age 60). Fluted Period. Esses and Roses Collar. Dogs Head Crest. She wearing a simple headdress with veil falling low on the shoulders. The carving somewhat reminiscent of Alice Chaucer's. Monument in Ewelme [Map], Oxfordshire. Angels Supporting Pillow. Chest with Angels with Rounded Wings holding Shields. Chest with Weepers.

Elizabeth Huddlestone Baroness Harewood: Edward Redman Lord Harewood and she were married. In 1450 she was born to John Huddlestone 7th Lord Millom (age 25) and Mary Fenwick Lady Millom. Around 1483 William Redman Lord Harewood died. He was buried at Levens Heversham. His brother Edward Redman Lord Harewood (age 28) succeeded Lord Harewood. Elizabeth Huddlestone Baroness Harewood (age 33) by marriage Lord Harewood. On 31 May 1526 Elizabeth Huddlestone Baroness Harewood (age 76) died.

After 1515. St Bartholemew's Church Tong [Map]. Monument to Henry Vernon (age 70) and Anne Talbot in a wide Burgundian arch between the south aisle and the Golden Chapel. Fluted Period. Angels Supporting Pillow.

Henry Vernon: Around 1445 he was born to William Vernon (age 29) at Haddon Hall. Before 1451 Henry Vernon (age 6) and Anne Talbot (age 5) were married. She the daughter of John Talbot 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury (age 33) and Elizabeth Butler Countess Shrewsbury and Waterford (age 26). She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England. On 13 Apr 1515 Henry Vernon (age 70) died at Haddon Hall. He was buried at St Bartholemew's Church Tong.

Anne Talbot: In 1445 she was born to John Talbot 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury (age 27) and Elizabeth Butler Countess Shrewsbury and Waterford (age 21) at Shrewsbury. Before 1450 Ralph Shirley (age 8) and Anne Talbot (age 4) were married. She the daughter of John Talbot 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury (age 32) and Elizabeth Butler Countess Shrewsbury and Waterford (age 25). She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England. On 17 May 1494 Anne Talbot (age 49) died at Shrewsbury. She was buried at St Bartholemew's Church Tong.

After 1517. St Bartholemew's Church Tong [Map]. Monument to Richard Vernon (age 40) and Margaret Dymoke (age 17). Fluted Period. Angels Supporting Pillow. The alabaster chest was once used as the altar. He with an Lancastrian Esses Collar and Tudor Rose Pendant. Chest with Bedesmen. Note the swirling tail at his feet which may indicate the work of Harpur and Moorecock of Burton on Trent.

Richard Vernon: Around 1477 he was born to Henry Vernon (age 32) and Anne Talbot (age 32). In or before 1508 Richard Vernon (age 31) and Margaret Dymoke (age 7) were married. The difference in their ages was 23 years. In Aug 1517 Richard Vernon (age 40) died. He was buried at St Bartholemew's Church Tong.

On 13 Mar 1518 Thomas Babington of Dethick (age 69) died at Ashover [Map]. He was buried at All Saints Church, Ashover [Map].

Monument to Thomas Babington of Dethick (age 69) and Editha Fitzherbert. Excellent painted alabaster monument of the Fluted Period with the colours much refreshed. Carved by Harpur and Moorecock of Burton on Trent. Chest with Angels with Rounded Wings.

Thomas Babington of Dethick: Around 1449 he was born to John Babington (age 26) and Isabel Bradbourne (age 22). Before 1476 Thomas Babington of Dethick (age 27) and Editha Fitzherbert (age 18) were married.

Editha Fitzherbert: Around 1457 she was born to Ralph Fitzherbert (age 29) and Elizabeth Marshall (age 20) at Norbury, Derbyshire. In 1511 Editha Fitzherbert (age 54) died at Ashover.

She wearing a Gabled Headress with long lappets.

He in civilian clothes with a purse (aka scrip aka gypciere) hanging from his belt.

Dogs chewing at her dress suggests Harpur and Moorecock of Burton on Trent carved the monument.

The chest tomb of exceptional quality with the fifteen weepers under crocketed canopies broadly undamaged. The weepers on the sides are believed to represent Thomas and Editha's children, possibly fourteen, and their respective spouses. Those on the ends appear to be Saints and Angels with the one in the middle possible St Catherine. The chest tomb now abuts the south wall of the chancel meaning only three sides visible.

Babington Arms impaled Fitzherbert Arms.

Isabel Neville: William Huddlestone and she were married. She the daughter of John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu and Isabel Ingaldsthorpe. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. After 25 Apr 1457 she was born to John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu (age 26) and Isabel Ingaldsthorpe (age 16). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. In or before 1492 William Smythe (age 12) and Isabel Neville (age 34) were married. The difference in their ages was 22 years. She the daughter of John Neville 1st Marquess Montagu and Isabel Ingaldsthorpe. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. On 12 Oct 1516 Isabel Neville (age 59) died.

William Smythe: In 1480 he was born. In 1526 William Smythe (age 46) died.

Anne Staunton: She was born to William Staunton and Margery Stanley. Before 29 Nov 1529 she died.

John ap Ellis Eyton: In 1526 he died.

Chest with Angels with Rounded Wings holding Shields indicative of Harpur and Moorecock of Burton on Trent.

Detail of his head. Categorised as Fluted Period. Note the absence of headwear, his being clean shaven and the Standard protecting the neck all of which define the Fluted Period.

Before it was damaged this was a dog chewing at the hem of her dress; also indicative of Harpur and Moorecock of Burton on Trent.

She wearing a Gabled Headress.

Tudor Roses on his sword pommel.

Bedesman and Swirling Tail both indicative of Harpur and Moorecock of Burton on Trent.

A curious lion at his feet. Unlikely the carver had ever seen a lion.

Lancastrian Esses Collar.

Detail of the orle, mantling and what remains of the crest on his Great Helm. Difficult to tell what it was originally.

Randle Brereton of Malpas: Around 1480 he was born to Randle Brereton of Malpas (age 28). There is some confusion here with so many Randle Breretons. Some sources insert another generation between Randle Brereton 1480-1530 and his father although doing so makes the dates inconsistent. In or before 1499 Randle Brereton of Malpas (age 19) and Eleanor Dutton (age 14) were married.

Eleanor Dutton: In 1484 she was born to Peter Dutton (age 32). In 1522 Eleanor Dutton (age 38) died at Malpas.

On 14 Feb 1531 John Blount (age 62) died at Kinlet [Map]. He was buried at Church of St John The Baptist Kinlet [Map].

Monument to John Blount (age 62) and Catherine Peshall (age 47). Fluted Period. Lancastrian Esses Collar with Big Esses. Long bobbed hair, no facial hair. Bare hands; gauntlets at the right side of the legs. She wearing a short Gabled Headress. Chest tomb somewhat of the wrong period ie Renaissance suggesting this may be a replacement effigy, or re-used. Probably Richard Parker of Burton on Trent.

John Blount: Around 1469 he was born to Thomas Blount (age 14) and Anne Croft (age 11) at Kinlet. Before 1498 John Blount (age 29) and Catherine Peshall (age 13) were married.

Catherine Peshall: In 1484 she was born to Hugh Peshall (age 25). In 1540 Catherine Peshall (age 56) died.

Unknown. Monument in St Oswald's Church, Ashbourne [Map]. Fluted Period.