Biography of William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland 1766-1842
Paternal Family Tree: Vane
Maternal Family Tree: Elizabeth Aldersley Baroness Coventry 1580-1653
On 19 Mar 1757 [his father] Henry Vane 2nd Earl Darlington (age 30) and [his mother] Margaret Lowther Countess Darlington (age 29) were married at London. He the son of Henry Vane 1st Earl Darlington (age 52) and Grace Fitzroy Countess Darlington (age 59). He a great grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. 
On 06 Mar 1758 [his grandfather] Henry Vane 1st Earl Darlington (age 53) died. His son [his father] Henry Vane 2nd Earl Darlington (age 31) succeeded 2nd Earl Darlington, 2nd Viscount Barnard, 4th Baron Barnard. [his mother] Margaret Lowther Countess Darlington (age 30) by marriage Countess Darlington.
On 27 Jul 1766 William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland was born to Henry Vane 2nd Earl Darlington (age 39) and Margaret Lowther Countess Darlington (age 38). He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
After 27 Jul 1766 William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland was christened at the Chapel Royal, St James's Palace. His given names were William Harry which he later changed to William Henry.
On 25 Apr 1783 William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 16) matriculated at Christ Church College, Oxford University.
On 17 Sep 1787 William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 21) and Catharine Margaret Powlett Countess Darlington (age 21) were married at her father's seat Hackwood Park, Hampshire. She the daughter of Harry Powlett 6th Duke Bolton (age 66) and Katherine Lowther Duchess of Bolton (age 51). He the son of Henry Vane 2nd Earl Darlington (age 60) and Margaret Lowther Countess Darlington (age 59). They were first cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
In 1788 William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 21) was elected MP Totnes which seat he held until 1790.
On 06 Jan 1788 [his son] Henry Vane 2nd Duke Cleveland was born to William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 21) and [his wife] Catharine Margaret Powlett Countess Darlington (age 22). He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.45%.
In 1790 William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 23) was elected MP Winchelsea which seat he held until 1792.
In 1791 [his daughter] Louisa Catherine Barbara Vane was born to William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 24) and [his wife] Catharine Margaret Powlett Countess Darlington (age 25). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.45%.
On 03 Apr 1792 [his son] William Vane 3rd Duke Cleveland was born to William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 25) and [his wife] Catharine Margaret Powlett Countess Darlington (age 26). He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.45%.
On 10 Sep 1792 [his father] Henry Vane 2nd Earl Darlington (age 65) died at Raby Castle, County Durham [Map]. He was buried at Raby Castle, County Durham [Map]. His son William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 26) succeeded 3rd Earl Darlington, 3rd Viscount Barnard, 5th Baron Barnard. [his wife] Catharine Margaret Powlett Countess Darlington (age 26) by marriage Countess Darlington.
In 1794 William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 27) was appointed Lieutenant-colonel the Durham Regiment of Fencible Cavalry.
In 1795 [his daughter] Caroline Vane died.
In 1795 [his daughter] Caroline Vane was born to William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 28) and [his wife] Catharine Margaret Powlett Countess Darlington (age 29). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.45%.
In 1796 [his daughter] Augusta Vane was born to William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 29) and [his wife] Catharine Margaret Powlett Countess Darlington (age 30). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.45%.
On 10 Sep 1800 [his mother] Margaret Lowther Countess Darlington (age 72) died. She has a monument sculpted by Richard Cooke at St Mary's Church, Staindrop [Map] commissioned by her son William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 34).
Margaret Lowther Countess Darlington:
In 1728 she was born to Robert Lowther and Katherine Pennington.
On 19 Mar 1757 Henry Vane 2nd Earl Darlington and she were married at London. He the son of Henry Vane 1st Earl Darlington and Grace Fitzroy Countess Darlington. He a great grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 06 Mar 1758 Henry Vane 1st Earl Darlington died. His son Henry Vane 2nd Earl Darlington succeeded 2nd Earl Darlington, 2nd Viscount Barnard, 4th Baron Barnard. She by marriage Countess Darlington.
In 1801 [his daughter] Arabella Vane was born to William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 34) and [his wife] Catharine Margaret Powlett Countess Darlington (age 35). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.45%.
On 19 Apr 1803 [his son] Harry George Powlett 4th Duke Cleveland was born to William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 36) and [his wife] Catharine Margaret Powlett Countess Darlington (age 37). He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.45%.
In 1807 [his daughter] Laura Vane was born to William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 40) and [his wife] Catharine Margaret Powlett Countess Darlington (age 41). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.45%.
On 17 Jun 1807 [his wife] Catharine Margaret Powlett Countess Darlington (age 41) died at Cleveland House.
On 14 Jul 1808 Henrietta Laura Johnstone aka Pulteney 1st Countess Bath (age 41) died. Earl Bath extinct. She left her personal estate to her cousin Elizabeth Evelyn Sutton and her husband John Fawcett aka Pulteney (age 41) who adopted the surname Pulteney in 1813. He landed estates were claimed by William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 41) who was a descendant of Anne Pulteney Duchess Southampton Duchess of Cleveland.
On 18 Nov 1809 [his son] Henry Vane 2nd Duke Cleveland (age 21) and [his daughter-in-law] Sophia Paulett Duchess of Cleveland (age 24) were married at St George's Church, Hanover Square. She the daughter of John Paulett 4th Earl Paulett (age 53) and Sophia Pocock Countess Paulett. He the son of William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 43) and Catharine Margaret Powlett Countess Darlington. He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
In 1810 Arthur William Devis (age 47). Portrait of William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 43).
On 03 Jul 1815 [his son] William Vane 3rd Duke Cleveland (age 23) and [his daughter-in-law] Grace Caroline Lowther Duchess of Cleveland were married at St James' Church, Piccadilly. She the daughter of William Lowther 1st Earl Lonsdale (age 57) and Augusta Fane Countess Lonsdale (age 53). He the son of William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 48) and Catharine Margaret Powlett Countess Darlington. He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. 
In 1821 [his daughter] Louisa Catherine Barbara Vane (age 30) died.
On 24 Feb 1823 [his son-in-law] Lieutenant-Colonel William Henry Meyrick (age 33) and [his daughter] Laura Vane (age 16) were married. She the daughter of William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 56) and Catharine Margaret Powlett Countess Darlington. They were half fourth cousins. He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
The London Gazette 18397. Whitehall, September 17, 1827. The King has been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Marquess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland unto the Right Honourable William Harry Earl of Darlington (age 61), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Marquess of Cleveland.
Greville Memoirs. 10 Aug 1830. In the meantime the French Revolution has been proceeding rapidly to its consummation, and the Duke of Orleans is King. Montrond, who was at Stoke, thinks that France will gravitate towards a republic, and principally for this reason, that there is an unusual love of equality, and no disposition to profit by the power of making majorats, therefore that there never can be anything like an aristocracy. We are so accustomed to see the regular working of our constitutional system, with all its parts depending upon each other, and so closely interwoven, that we have difficulty in believing that any monarchical Government can exist which is founded on a basis so different. This is the great political problem which is now to be solved. I think, however, that in the present settlement it is not difficult to see the elements of future contention and the working of a strong democratical spirit. The Crown has been conferred on the Duke of Orleans by the Chamber of Deputies alone, which, so far from inviting the Chamber of Peers to discuss the question of succession, has at the same time decreed a material alteration in that Chamber itself. It has at a blow cut off all the Peers of Villèle's great promotion, which is an enormous act of authority, although the measure may be advisable. There is also a question raised of the hereditary quality of the peerage, and I dare say that for the future at least peerages will not be hereditary, not that I think this signifies as to the existence of an aristocracy, for the constant subdivision of property must deprive the Chamber of all the qualities belonging to an English House of Lords, and it would perhaps be better to establish another principle, such as that of promoting to the Chamber of Peers men (for life) of great wealth, influence, and ability, who would constitute an aristocracy of a different kind indeed, but more respectable and efficient, than a host of poor hereditary senators. What great men are Lord Lonsdale, the Duke of Rutland, and Lord Cleveland (age 64)! but strip them, of their wealth and power, what would they be? Among the most insignificant of mankind; but they all acquire a factitious consideration by the influence they possess to do good and evil, the extension of it over multitudes of dependents. The French can have no aristocracy but a personal one, ours is in the institution; theirs must be individually respectable, as ours is collectively looked up to. In the meantime it will be deemed a great step gained to have a monarchy established in France at all, even for the moment, but some people are alarmed at the excessive admiration which the French Revolution has excited in England, and there is a very general conviction that Spain will speedily follow the example of France, and probably Belgium also. Italy I don't believe will throw off the yoke; they have neither spirit nor unanimity, and the Austrian military force is too great to be resisted. But Austria will tremble and see that the great victory which Liberalism has gained has decided the question as to which principle, that of light or darkness, shall prevail for the future in the world.
Greville Memoirs. 17 Nov 1830. The Duke and Peel announced their resignations in the two Houses, and Brougham put off his motion, but with a speech signifying that he should take no part in the new Government. The last acts of the Duke were to secure pensions of £250 a year to each of his secretaries, and to fill up the ecclesiastical preferments. The Garter remains for his successor. The Duke of Bedford got it, and, what is singular, the Duke of Wellington would probably have given it him likewise. He was one of five whom he meant to choose from, and it lay between him and Lord Cleveland (age 64).
Greville Memoirs. 29 Apr 1831. The night before last there was an illumination, got up by the foolish Lord Mayor, which of course produced an uproar and a general breaking of obnoxious windows. Lord Mansfield and the Duke of Buccleuch went to Melbourne in the morning and remonstrated, asking what protection he meant to afford to their properties. A gun (with powder only) was fired over the heads of the mob from Apsley House, and they did not go there again. The Government might have discouraged this manifestation of triumph, but they wished for it for the purpose of increasing the popular excitement. They don't care what they do, or what others do, so long as they can keep the people in a ferment. It is disgusting to the last degree to hear their joy and exultation at the success of their measures and the good prospects held out to them by the elections; all of which may turn out very well, but if it does not 'who shall set hoddy-doddy up again?' Lord Cleveland (age 64) has subscribed £10,000 to the election fund.
Greville Memoirs. 08 Sep 1831. His Majesty, I hear, was in great ill-humour at the levee yesterday; contrary to his usual custom he sent for nobody, and gave no audiences, but at ten minutes after one flounced into the levee room; not one Minister was come but the Duke of Richmond. Talleyrand and Esterhazy alone of the Corps Diplomatique were in the next room. He attacked the officer of the Guards for not having his cap on his head, and sent for the officer on guard, who was not arrived, at which he expressed great ire. It is supposed that the peerages have put him out of temper. His Majesty did a very strange thing about them. Though their patents are not made out, and the new Peers are no more Peers than I am, he desired them to appear as such in Westminster Abbey and do homage. Colonel Berkeley asked me what he should do, and said what the King had desired of him. I told him he should do no such thing, and he said he would go to the Chancellor and ask him. I don't know how it ended. Howe told me yesterday morning in Westminster Abbey that Lord Cleveland (age 65) is to be a duke, though it is not yet acknowledged if it be so. There has been a battle about that; they say that he got his boroughs to be made a marquis, and got rid of them to be made a duke.8
Note 8. The Earl of Darlington (age 65) had been made Marquis of Cleveland in 1827, and was raised to the dukedom in January 1833.
On 08 Sep 1831 William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 65) bore the Third Sword at the Coronation of William IV.
The London Gazette 19103. Whitehall, January 14, 1833.
The King has been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, for granting the dignity of Duke of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto George Granville Marquess of Stafford (age 75), Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Duke of Sutherland, in that part of the said United Kingdom called Scotland. [Note. Elizabeth Sutherland Duchess Sutherland 19th Countess Sutherland (age 67) by marriage Duchess Sutherland.]
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Great Seal, for granting the dignities of Baron and Duke of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto William Harry Marquess of Cleveland (age 66), and the heirs male of his body lawfully begbtten, by the names, stiles, and titles of Baron Raby, of Raby-castle, in the county of Durham, and Duke of Cleveland.
The King has also been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the Grent Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto Charles Callis Western (age 65), Esq. and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, stile, and title of Baron Western, of Rivenhall, in the county of Essex.
In 1839 William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 72) was appointed 684th Knight of the Garter by Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (age 19).
On 28 Jan 1842 William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (age 75) died. He was buried at St Mary's Church, Staindrop [Map]. His son [his son] Henry Vane 2nd Duke Cleveland (age 54) succeeded 2nd Duke of Cleveland, 2nd Marquess of Cleveland, 4th Earl Darlington, 4th Viscount Barnard, 6th Baron Barnard, 2nd Baron Raby of Raby Castle in County Durham. [his daughter-in-law] Sophia Paulett Duchess of Cleveland (age 56) by marriage Duchess of Cleveland.
After 28 Jan 1842. Monument to William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland (deceased) in St Mary's Church, Staindrop [Map]. Sculpted by Richard Westmacott (age 66).
The armorial being Vane Arms quartered with Charles Fitzroy 1st Duke Southampton 2nd Duke Cleveland 1662 1730 Arms. His paternal grandmother being Grace Fitzroy Countess Darlington, grand-daughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland by his mistress Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland hence the Baton Sinister.
Kings Wessex: Great x 20 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 17 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 23 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 18 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings England: Great x 2 Grand Son of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland
Kings Scotland: Great x 14 Grand Son of Robert "The Bruce" I King Scotland
Kings Franks: Great x 17 Grand Son of Louis VII King Franks
Kings France: Great x 4 Grand Son of Henry IV King France
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Vane "The Elder" 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry Vane "The Younger" 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Frances Darcy
12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Christopher Vane 1st Baron Barnard 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Christopher Wray 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Frances Wray 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Albinia Cecil
8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Gilbert Vane 2nd Baron Barnard 10 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Holles 2nd Earl de Clare 7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Gilbert Holles 3rd Earl de Clare 8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Vere Countess Clare
8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth Holles Baroness Barnard 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Pierrepont of Thoresby
8 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Grace Pierrepont Countess de Clare 9 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Harries aka Harris
GrandFather: Henry Vane 1st Earl Darlington 11 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Mary Randyll Baroness Barnard
Father: Henry Vane 2nd Earl Darlington Great Grand Son of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland 2 x Great Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland
Great x 3 Grandfather: King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland Son of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland England and Ireland
12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland Son of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry IV King France
7 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England 7 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Marie de Medici Queen Consort France 6 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Charles Fitzroy 1st Duke Southampton 2nd Duke Cleveland Son of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Edward Villiers
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Villiers 2nd Viscount Grandison 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Barbara St John
8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Paul Bayning 1st Viscount Bayning
Great x 3 Grandmother: Mary Bayning Countess Anglesey 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Glemham Viscountess Bayning 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward "Longshanks" I of England
GrandMother: Grace Fitzroy Countess Darlington Grand Daughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland
Great x 3 Grandfather: Michael Poultney of Bray in Berkshire
Great x 2 Grandfather: William Pulteney
Great x 1 Grandmother: Anne Pulteney Duchess Southampton Duchess of Cleveland 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King John "Lackland" of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Corbet 8 x Great Grand Son of King John "Lackland" of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Corbet 1st Baronet 9 x Great Grand Son of King John "Lackland" of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Grace Corbet 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King John "Lackland" of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: George Mainwaring 10 x Great Grand Son of King John "Lackland" of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Ann Mainwaring of Ightfield 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King John "Lackland" of England
William Henry Vane 1st Duke Cleveland 2 x Great Grand Son of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland
Great x 4 Grandfather: Christopher Lowther
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Lowther of Lowther Hall
Great x 2 Grandfather: John Lowther 1st Baronet
Great x 1 Grandfather: Richard Lowther
Great x 2 Grandmother: Mary Fletcher
GrandFather: Robert Lowther
Mother: Margaret Lowther Countess Darlington 13 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Joseph Pennington 2nd Baronet
GrandMother: Katherine Pennington 12 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Lowther 1st Baronet
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Lowther
Great x 4 Grandmother: Mary Fletcher
Great x 2 Grandfather: John Lowther 1st Viscount Lonsdale
Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Bellingham 1st Baronet
Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Bellingham
Great x 1 Grandmother: Margaret Lowther Lady Pennington 11 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Thynne
Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry Thynne 1st Baronet 9 x Great Grand Son of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Catherine Howard
8 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Katherine Thynne Viscountess Lonsdale 10 x Great Grand Daughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Thomas Coventry 1st Baron Coventry
Great x 3 Grandmother: Mary Coventry Lady Thynne Kempsford
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Aldersley Baroness Coventry