Paternal Family Tree: Cecil
Maternal Family Tree: Janet Lyle
On 2nd December 1773 [his father] James Cecil 1st Marquess Salisbury [aged 25] and [his mother] Mary Amelia Hill Marchioness Salisbury [aged 23] were married. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Wills Hill 1st Marquess Downshire [aged 55] and [his grandmother] Margaretta Fitzgerald. He the son of James Cecil 6th Earl of Salisbury [aged 60] and Elizabeth Keet Countess of Salisbury [aged 52]. They were fifth cousin once removed.
On 17th April 1791 James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury was born to James Cecil 1st Marquess Salisbury [aged 42] and Mary Amelia Hill Marchioness Salisbury [aged 40].
On 29th May 1812 [his brother-in-law] George Nugent 1st Marquess Westmeath [aged 26] and [his sister] Emily Anne Bennet Elizabeth Cecil Marchioness Westmeath [aged 22] were married. She the daughter of [his father] James Cecil 1st Marquess Salisbury [aged 63] and [his mother] Mary Amelia Hill Marchioness Salisbury [aged 61].
In 1813 James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury [aged 21] was elected MP Weymouth and Melcombe Regis.
In 1817 James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury [aged 25] was elected MP Hertford.
Before 1821 [his brother-in-law] Henry Wellesley 1st Baron Cowley [aged 47] and [his sister] Georgiana Charlotte Augusta Cecil Baroness Cowley were married. She the daughter of [his father] James Cecil 1st Marquess Salisbury [aged 72] and [his mother] Mary Amelia Hill Marchioness Salisbury [aged 70]. He the son of Garrett Wellesley 1st Earl Mornington and Anne Hill Countess Mornington [aged 78]. They were second cousin once removed.
On 2nd February 1821 James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury [aged 29] and Frances Mary Gascoyne Marchioness Salisbury [aged 15] were married. He the son of James Cecil 1st Marquess Salisbury [aged 72] and Mary Amelia Hill Marchioness Salisbury [aged 70].
On 29th October 1821 [his son] James Emilius William Evelyn Gascoyne-Cecil was born to James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury [aged 30] and [his wife] Frances Mary Gascoyne Marchioness Salisbury [aged 15].
In 1822 [his brother-in-law] George Nugent 1st Marquess Westmeath [aged 36] was created 1st Marquess Westmeath. [his sister] Emily Anne Bennet Elizabeth Cecil Marchioness Westmeath [aged 32] by marriage Marchioness Westmeath.
Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes
Récits d’un bourgeois de Valenciennes aka The Chronicle of a Bourgeois of Valenciennes is a vivid 14th-century vernacular chronicle written by an anonymous urban chronicler from Valenciennes in the County of Hainaut. It survives in a manuscript that describes local and regional history from about 1253 to 1366, blending chronology, narrative episodes, and eyewitness-style accounts of political, military, and social events in medieval France, Flanders, and the Low Countries. The work begins with a chronological framework of events affecting Valenciennes and its region under rulers such as King Philip VI of France and the shifting allegiances of local nobility. It includes accounts of conflicts, sieges, diplomatic manoeuvres, and the impact of broader struggles like the Hundred Years’ War on urban life in Hainaut. Written from the perspective of a burgher (bourgeois) rather than a monastery or royal court, the chronicle offers a rare lay viewpoint on high politics and warfare, reflecting how merchants, townspeople, and civic institutions experienced the turbulence of the 13th and 14th centuries. Its narrative style combines straightforward reporting of events with moral and civic observations, making it a valuable source for readers interested in medieval urban society, regional politics, and the lived experience of war and governance in pre-modern Europe.
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On 21st October 1822 [his daughter] Mildred Arabella Charlotte Gascoyne-Cecil was born to James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury [aged 31] and [his wife] Frances Mary Gascoyne Marchioness Salisbury [aged 16]. She married 7th July 1842 Alexander James Beresford-Hope and had issue.
On 13th June 1823 [his father] James Cecil 1st Marquess Salisbury [aged 74] died. His son James [aged 32] succeeded 2nd Marquess Salisbury in Wiltshire, 8th Earl Salisbury. [his wife] Frances Mary Gascoyne Marchioness Salisbury [aged 17] by marriage Marchioness Salisbury in Wiltshire.
On 19th December 1823 [his son] Arthur Gascoyne-Cecil was born to James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury [aged 32] and [his wife] Frances Mary Gascoyne Marchioness Salisbury [aged 17]. He died aged one in 1825.
On 5th March 1825 [his daughter] Blanche Mary Harriet Gascoyne-Cecil was born to James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury [aged 33] and [his wife] Frances Mary Gascoyne Marchioness Salisbury [aged 19]. She married 15th August 1844 James Maitland Balfour and had issue.
On 25th April 1825 [his son] Arthur Gascoyne-Cecil [aged 1] died.
In January 1828 [his brother-in-law] Henry Wellesley 1st Baron Cowley [aged 54] was created 1st Baron Cowley. [his sister] Georgiana Charlotte Augusta Cecil Baroness Cowley by marriage Baroness Cowley.
On 3rd February 1830 [his son] Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess Salisbury was born to James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury [aged 38] and [his wife] Frances Mary Gascoyne Marchioness Salisbury [aged 24] at Hatfield House, Hertfordshire [Map]. He married 11th July 1857 Georgina Alderson Marchioness of Salisbury and had issue.
On 24th April 1834 [his son] Eustace Brownlow Henry Gascoyne-Cecil was born to James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury [aged 43] and [his wife] Frances Mary Gascoyne Marchioness Salisbury [aged 28]. He married 18th September 1860 Gertrude Louisa Scott, daughter of John Scott 2nd Earl Eldon and Louisa Duncombe Countess Eldon, and had issue.
On 22nd November 1835 [his mother] Mary Amelia Hill Marchioness Salisbury [aged 85] died.
On 15th October 1839 [his wife] Frances Mary Gascoyne Marchioness Salisbury [aged 33] died.
In 1841 James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury [aged 49] was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex.
In 1842 Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom [aged 22] appointed Knights of the Garter:
690th. Henry Somerset 7th Duke Beaufort [aged 49].
691st. Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos [aged 44].
692nd. James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury [aged 50].
693rd. Henry Vane 2nd Duke Cleveland [aged 53].
On 7th July 1842 [his son-in-law] Alexander James Beresford-Hope [aged 22] and Mildred Arabella Charlotte Gascoyne-Cecil [aged 19] were married. She the daughter of James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury [aged 51] and Frances Mary Gascoyne Marchioness Salisbury.
William of Worcester's Chronicle of England
William of Worcester, born around 1415, and died around 1482 was secretary to John Fastolf, the renowned soldier of the Hundred Years War, during which time he collected documents, letters, and wrote a record of events. Following their return to England in 1440 William was witness to major events. Twice in his chronicle he uses the first person: 1. when writing about the murder of Thomas, 7th Baron Scales, in 1460, he writes '… and I saw him lying naked in the cemetery near the porch of the church of St. Mary Overie in Southwark …' and 2. describing King Edward IV's entry into London in 1461 he writes '… proclaimed that all the people themselves were to recognize and acknowledge Edward as king. I was present and heard this, and immediately went down with them into the city'. William’s Chronicle is rich in detail. It is the source of much information about the Wars of the Roses, including the term 'Diabolical Marriage' to describe the marriage of Queen Elizabeth Woodville’s brother John’s marriage to Katherine, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, he aged twenty, she sixty-five or more, and the story about a paper crown being placed in mockery on the severed head of Richard, 3rd Duke of York.
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On 15th August 1844 [his son-in-law] James Maitland Balfour [aged 24] and Blanche Mary Harriet Gascoyne-Cecil [aged 19] were married. She the daughter of James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury [aged 53] and Frances Mary Gascoyne Marchioness Salisbury.
On 29th April 1847 James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury [aged 56] and Mary Catherine Sackville-West Marchioness Salisbury [aged 22] were married. She by marriage Marchioness Salisbury in Wiltshire. The difference in their ages was 33 years. She the daughter of George Sackville-West 5th Earl De La Warr [aged 55] and Elizabeth Sackville Countess De La Warr [aged 51]. He the son of James Cecil 1st Marquess Salisbury and Mary Amelia Hill Marchioness Salisbury. They were fourth cousin twice removed.
On 16th March 1848 [his son] Sackville Arthur Gascoyne-Cecil was born to James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury [aged 56] and [his wife] Mary Catherine Sackville-West Marchioness Salisbury [aged 23].
In 1850 [his daughter] Margaret Elizabeth Gascoyne-Cecil was born to James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury [aged 58] and [his wife] Mary Catherine Sackville-West Marchioness Salisbury [aged 25].
On 26th April 1850 [his daughter] Mary Arabella Arthur Gascoyne-Cecil Countess Galloway was born to James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury [aged 59] and [his wife] Mary Catherine Sackville-West Marchioness Salisbury [aged 25]. She married 1872 her third cousin once removed Alan Stewart 10th Earl Galloway, son of Randolph Stewart 9th Earl Galloway and Harriet Blanche Somerset Countess Galloway.
On 3rd July 1851 [his son] Arthur Gascoyne-Cecil was born to James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury [aged 60] and [his wife] Mary Catherine Sackville-West Marchioness Salisbury [aged 26].
On 21st March 1853 [his son] Lionel Gascoyne-Cecil was born to James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury [aged 61] and [his wife] Mary Catherine Sackville-West Marchioness Salisbury [aged 28].
On 11th July 1857 Robert Gascoyne-Cecil [aged 27] and Georgina Anderson [aged 30] were married. He the son of James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury [aged 66] and Frances Mary Gascoyne Marchioness Salisbury.
On 21st January 1858 [his sister] Emily Anne Bennet Elizabeth Cecil Marchioness Westmeath [aged 68] died.
In 1860 [his sister] Georgiana Charlotte Augusta Cecil Baroness Cowley died.
The History of William Marshal was commissioned by his son shortly after William’s death in 1219 to celebrate the Marshal’s remarkable life; it is an authentic, contemporary voice. The manuscript was discovered in 1861 by French historian Paul Meyer. Meyer published the manuscript in its original Anglo-French in 1891 in two books. This book is a line by line translation of the first of Meyer’s books; lines 1-10152. Book 1 of the History begins in 1139 and ends in 1194. It describes the events of the Anarchy, the role of William’s father John, John’s marriages, William’s childhood, his role as a hostage at the siege of Newbury, his injury and imprisonment in Poitou where he met Eleanor of Aquitaine and his life as a knight errant. It continues with the accusation against him of an improper relationship with Margaret, wife of Henry the Young King, his exile, and return, the death of Henry the Young King, the rebellion of Richard, the future King Richard I, war with France, the death of King Henry II, and the capture of King Richard, and the rebellion of John, the future King John. It ends with the release of King Richard and the death of John Marshal.
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On 18th September 1860 Eustace Brownlow Henry Gascoyne-Cecil [aged 26] and Gertrude Louisa Scott were married. She the daughter of John Scott 2nd Earl Eldon and Louisa Duncombe Countess Eldon. He the son of James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury [aged 69] and Frances Mary Gascoyne Marchioness Salisbury.
On 27th April 1864 [his mother-in-law] Elizabeth Sackville Countess De La Warr [aged 68] was created 1st Baroness Buckhurst of Buckhurst in Sussex by Queen [aged 44] with a special remainder to her second surviving son, [his brother-in-law] Reginald [aged 47] and the heirs male of his body, with remainder to her third, fourth and fifth surviving sons, by her said [his father-in-law] husband [aged 72], in like manner respectively, and with a proviso that if any person taking under these letters patent shall succeed to the Earldom of De La Warr, and there shall upon, or at any time after, the occurrence of such an event be any younger son or any heir male of the body of any such other son, then and so often as the same shall happen the succession to the Honours and dignities thereby created shall devolve upon the son of the said Elizabeth, Countess De la Warr, or the heir who would next be entitled to succeed to the said dignity of Baron Buckhurst, if the person so succeeding to the Earldom of De la Warr was dead without issue male.
Note. This complicated creation was not totally unique as three years previously in 1861 the Earldom of Cromartie was granted to Anne, Duchess of Sutherland, with a similar remainder. They are often referred to as "the two jumping peerages" as the intention of the draughtsman appears to have been to create a peerage that would "jump" from one person in his lifetime to another as certain circumstances arose. The descent of the Earldom of Cromartie has never been tested and that of the Barony of Buckhurst was frustrated within one generation. The Hon Reginald Sackville-West took his seat in the House of Lords as Baron Buckhurst following the death of his mother in 1870. Three years later he succeeded his elder brother as 7th Earl De La Warr and yet made no move to surrender the Barony of Buckhurst in accordance with the letters patent. The Barony of Buckhurst was claimed, together with Knole Park and the other Sackville estates, by his younger brother, Hon Mortimer Sackville-West [aged 43]. His claim to the estates was successful but not his claim to the Barony of Buckhurst. As a consolation he was created Baron Sackville in 1876, with a special remainder, failing the heirs male of his body, to his two younger brothers in like manner, they being the only two people who might have inherited the Barony of Buckhurst had the letters patent of 1864 being adhered to.
On 14th June 1865 [his son] James Emilius William Evelyn Gascoyne-Cecil [aged 43] died.
In 1867 [his brother-in-law] Reginald Windsor Sackville 7th Earl De La Warr [aged 49] and Constance Mary Elizabeth Baillie-Cochrane Countess De La Warr [aged 21] were married. The difference in their ages was 28 years. He the son of [his father-in-law] George Sackville-West 5th Earl De La Warr [aged 75] and [his mother-in-law] Elizabeth Sackville Countess De La Warr [aged 71].
On 12th April 1868 James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury [aged 76] died. His son Robert [aged 38] succeeded 3rd Marquess Salisbury in Wiltshire, 9th Earl Salisbury. Georgina Anderson [aged 41] by marriage Marchioness Salisbury in Wiltshire.
In 1870 Edward Henry Stanley 15th Earl of Derby [aged 43] and [his former wife] Mary Catherine Sackville-West Marchioness Salisbury [aged 45] were married. She by marriage Countess Derby. She the daughter of [his former father-in-law] George Sackville-West 5th Earl De La Warr and [his former mother-in-law] Elizabeth Sackville Countess De La Warr [aged 74]. He the son of Edward Smith-Stanley 14th Earl of Derby and Emma Caroline Bootle-Wilbraham Countess Derby [aged 65].
On 6th December 1900 [his former wife] Mary Catherine Sackville-West Marchioness Salisbury [aged 76] died.
Kings Wessex: Great x 20 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England
Kings Gwynedd: Great x 17 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd
Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 21 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth
Kings Powys: Great x 18 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys
Kings Godwinson: Great x 21 Grand Son of King Harold II of England
Kings England: Great x 10 Grand Son of King Edward IV of England
Kings Scotland: Great x 17 Grand Son of King David I of Scotland
Kings France: Great x 13 Grand Son of King Philip IV of France
Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 24 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine
Kings Spain: Great x 17 Grand Son of Alfonso VII King Castile VII King Leon
Great x 4 Grandfather: Charles Cecil 
8 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: James Cecil 3rd Earl Salisbury 9 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Diana Maxwell 
Great x 2 Grandfather: James Cecil 4th Earl Salisbury 9 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Manners 8th Earl of Rutland 
7 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Manners Countess of Salisbury 8 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Frances Montagu Countess Rutland 
10 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: James Cecil 5th Earl Salisbury 10 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Bennett
Great x 3 Grandfather: Simon Bennett
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Craddock
Great x 2 Grandmother: Frances Bennett Countess of Salisbury
Great x 4 Grandfather: Gilbert Moorwood
Great x 3 Grandmother: Grace Moorwood
Grandfather: James Cecil 6th Earl of Salisbury 8 x Great Grandson of King Edward IV of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Nicholas Tufton 1st Earl of Thanet 7 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Tufton 2nd Earl of Thanet 8 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Frances Cecil Countess Isle Thanet 7 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Thomas Tufton 6th Earl of Thanet 9 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Sackville 3rd Earl Dorset 
8 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Sackville Countess Isle Thanet 8 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Anne Clifford Countess Dorset and Pembroke 
7 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Anne Tufton Countess of Salisbury 7 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward IV of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Cavendish 1st Duke Newcastle upon Tyne 
4 x Great Grandson of King Edward IV of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: Henry Cavendish 2nd Duke Newcastle upon Tyne 5 x Great Grandson of King Edward IV of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Bassett Countess Newcastle upon Tyne 
12 x Great Granddaughter of King Henry "Curtmantle" II of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Catherine Cavendish Countess Isle Thanet 6 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward IV of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: William Pierrepont of Thoresby 
8 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Frances Pierrepont Duchess Newcastle upon Tyne 9 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Harries aka Harris
father: James Cecil 1st Marquess Salisbury 9 x Great Grandson of King Edward IV of England
Great x 1 Grandfather: Edward Keet of Canterbury
Grandmother: Elizabeth Keet Countess of Salisbury
James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 2nd Marquess Salisbury 10 x Great Grandson of King Edward IV of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Arthur Hill
Great x 3 Grandfather: William Hill
Great x 2 Grandfather: Michael Hill
Great x 1 Grandfather: Trevor Hill 1st Viscount Hillsborough
Great x 4 Grandfather: John Trevor 
Great x 3 Grandfather: John Trevor
Great x 2 Grandmother: Anne Trevor
Grandfather: Wills Hill 1st Marquess Downshire
mother: Mary Amelia Hill Marchioness Salisbury 10 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Edward Fitzgerald 
5 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: George "Fairy Earl" Fitzgerald 16th Earl of Kildare 6 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: Robert Fitzgerald 7 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Boyle 1st Earl Cork 
Great x 3 Grandmother: Joan Boyle Countess Kildare
Great x 4 Grandmother: Catherine Fenton Countess Cork
Great x 1 Grandfather: Robert Fitzgerald 19th Earl of Kildare 8 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandfather: James Clotworthy 
Great x 2 Grandmother: Mary Clotworthy
Grandmother: Margaretta Fitzgerald 9 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Murdough O'Brien 1st Earl Inchiquin
Great x 3 Grandfather: William O'Brien 2nd Earl Inchiquin 13 x Great Grandson of King Edward I of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth St Leger Countess Inchiquin 
12 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward I of England
Great x 2 Grandfather: William O'Brien 3rd Earl Inchiquin 11 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Roger Boyle 1st Earl Orrery
Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Boyle Countess Inchiquin 10 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Howard Countess Orrery 
9 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 1 Grandmother: Mary O'Brien Countess Kildare 11 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Edward Villiers 
Great x 3 Grandfather: Edward Villiers 9 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Barbara St John 
8 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 2 Grandmother: Mary Villiers Countess Inchiquin 10 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandfather: Theophilus Howard 2nd Earl Suffolk 8 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England
Great x 3 Grandmother: Frances Howard 9 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England
Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Home Countess Suffolk 15 x Great Granddaughter of King John of England