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The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy

The Gesta Normannorum Ducum [The Deeds of the Dukes of Normandy] is a landmark medieval chronicle tracing the rise and fall of the Norman dynasty from its early roots through the pivotal events surrounding the Norman Conquest of England. Originally penned in Latin by the monk William of Jumièges shortly before 1060 and later expanded at the behest of William the Conqueror, the work chronicles the deeds, politics, battles, and leadership of the Norman dukes, especially William’s own claim to the English throne. The narrative combines earlier historical sources with firsthand information and oral testimony to present an authoritative account of Normandy’s transformation from a Viking settlement into one of medieval Europe’s most powerful realms. William’s history emphasizes the legitimacy, military prowess, and governance of the Norman line, framing their expansion, including the conquest of England, as both divinely sanctioned and noble in purpose. Later chroniclers such as Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni continued the history, extending the coverage into the 12th century, providing broader context on ducal rule and its impact. Today this classic work remains a foundational source for understanding Norman identity, medieval statesmanship, and the historical forces that reshaped England and Western Europe between 800AD and 1100AD.

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Francis Stewart 5th Earl Bothwell 1562-1612

Paternal Family Tree: Stewart

Maternal Family Tree: Helen Home Lady Hailes 1427-1513

In December 1562 Francis Stewart 5th Earl Bothwell was born to John "Lord Darnley" Stewart [aged 31] and Jean Hepburn. He a great x 2 grandson of King Henry VII of England and Ireland.

In November 1563 [his father] John "Lord Darnley" Stewart [aged 32] died.

Before 1567 [his step-father] [his grandmother] John Sinclair and [his mother] Jean Hepburn were married. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Patrick Hepburn 3rd Earl Bothwell and Agnes Sinclair Countess Bothwell. He the son of George Sinclair 4th Earl Caithness and Elizabeth Graham Countess Caithness [aged 46]. They were half third cousins. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

On 1st December 1577 Francis Stewart 5th Earl Bothwell [aged 15] and Margaret Douglas Countess Bothwell were married. She by marriage Countess Bothwell. She the daughter of David Douglas 7th Earl Angus and Margaret Hamilton Countess Angus [aged 52]. They were half second cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King Henry VII of England and Ireland.

In April 1578 [his uncle] James "Lord Bothwell" Hepburn 1st Duke Orkney [aged 44] died at Dragsholm Castle. His nephew Francis [aged 15] succeeded 5th Earl Bothwell at Great Hall Stirling Castle.

In 1582 [his half-brother] George Sinclair 4th Earl Caithness died. His grandson George [aged 11] succeeded 5th Earl Caithness.

22nd August 1582. The Raid of Ruthven was a plot by several nobles led by William Ruthven 1st Earl Gowrie [aged 39] to kidnap the fifteen years old King James VI of Scotland [aged 16], son of [his aunt] Mary Queen of Scots [aged 39], (before he became King of England) to reform the government of Scotland.

The nobles included John Erskine 19th Earl of Mar [aged 20], Thomas Lyon Master of Glamis, Robert Boyd 5th Lord Boyd [aged 65], Patrick Lindsay 6th Lord Lindsay of the Byres [aged 61], and David Erskine Commendator of Dryburgh.

They were opposed by Esme Stewart 1st Duke Lennox [aged 40] and James Stewart 1st Earl Arran who controlled the government.

King James VI of Scotland was captured whilst hunting near Ruthven Castle.

The rebels were joined by Francis Stewart 5th Earl Bothwell [aged 19] and James Cunningham 7th Earl Glencairn [aged 30].

Esme Stewart 1st Duke Lennox was exiled; he died a year later in Paris. James Stewart 1st Earl Arran was imprisoned.

On 29th July 1585 [his half-brother] George Sinclair 5th Earl Caithness [aged 14] and [his sister-in-law] Jean Gordon [aged 25] were married. She the daughter of George Gordon 5th Earl Huntley and Anne Hamilton Countess Huntley. They were half fourth cousins.

In 1589 John Fleming 2nd Earl Wigtown was born to John Fleming 1st Earl Wigtown [aged 22] and Lilias Graham Countess Graham. He was baptised on 5th December 1589 at Kincardine Castle - Ludovic Stewart 2nd Duke Lennox 1st Duke Richmond [aged 14] and Francis Stewart 5th Earl Bothwell [aged 26] attended. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.25%. He married before 2nd September 1609 his second cousin Margaret Livingston Countess Wigtown, daughter of Alexander Livingston 1st Earl Linlithgow and Helen Hay, and had issue.

Calendar of State Papers Domestic Series Elizabeth I Addenda. 29th May 1594. Newcastle. 18. Lionel Maddison [aged 57], Mayor of Newcastle, to Sir Robt. Cecil [aged 30]. Earl Bothwell [aged 31] was lately in Newcastle, but he did not take jewels from those thieves there that robbed the Scottish Queen, as your letter pretends; the manner of taking those jewels and staying the thieves I liave formerly made known to you. According to Her Highness' pleasure, I have inquired who lodged the Earl here, and find that at his last being in this town, he was lodged in the house of John Carr, a common inn; Carr being in prison at York, I have committed his wife to prison till Her Majesty's pleasure is known.

I find that the Earl has heretofore lodged at Wm. Selby's house, but did not lodge there at his last coming. The Earl left on the 14th inst., and I cannot learn that he has lodged in any other houses in this town, save these two. 2/3 page.

Before 27th July 1599 [his mother] Jean Hepburn died at Caithness.

In November 1612 Francis Stewart 5th Earl Bothwell [aged 49] died.

[his father] John "Lord Darnley" Stewart and [his mother] Jean Hepburn were married. She the daughter of [his grandfather] Patrick Hepburn 3rd Earl Bothwell and [his grandmother] Agnes Sinclair Countess Bothwell. He the illegitmate son of King James V of Scotland and Elizabeth Carmichael. They were half third cousin once removed. He a great grandson of King Henry VII of England and Ireland. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

Francis Stewart 5th Earl Bothwell appears on the following Descendants Family Trees:

Royal Ancestors of Francis Stewart 5th Earl Bothwell 1562-1612

Kings Wessex: Great x 15 Grand Son of King Edmund "Ironside" I of England

Kings Gwynedd: Great x 12 Grand Son of Owain "Great" King Gwynedd

Kings Seisyllwg: Great x 18 Grand Son of Hywel "Dda aka Good" King Seisyllwg King Deheubarth

Kings Powys: Great x 13 Grand Son of Maredudd ap Bleddyn King Powys

Kings Godwinson: Great x 16 Grand Son of King Harold II of England

Kings England: Great x 2 Grand Son of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Kings Scotland: Grand Son of King James V of Scotland

Kings France: Great x 5 Grand Son of Charles "Beloved Mad" VI King France

Kings Duke Aquitaine: Great x 20 Grand Son of Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine

Kings Spain: Great x 12 Grand Son of Alfonso VII King Castile VII King Leon

Ancestors of Francis Stewart 5th Earl Bothwell 1562-1612

Great x 4 Grandfather: King James I of Scotland son of King Robert III of Scotland

Great x 3 Grandfather: King James II of Scotland son of King James I of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandmother: Joan Beaufort Queen Consort Scotland Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandfather: King James III of Scotland son of King James II of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Arnold Egmont Duke Guelders

Great x 3 Grandmother: Mary of Guelders Queen Consort Scotland 3 x Great Granddaughter of King John "The Good" II of France

Great x 4 Grandmother: Catherine de la Marck 2 x Great Granddaughter of King John "The Good" II of France

Great x 1 Grandfather: King James IV of Scotland son of King James III of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Dietrich Count of Oldenburg

Great x 3 Grandfather: Christian I King of Denmark

Great x 4 Grandmother: Helvig of Schauenburg

Great x 2 Grandmother: Margaret of Denmark Queen Consort Scotland

Great x 3 Grandmother: Dorothea of Brandenburg

Great x 4 Grandmother: Barbara of Saxe-Wittenberg

Grandfather: King James V of Scotland son of King James IV of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Owen Tudor 4 x Great Grandson of King Edward I of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: Edmund Tudor 1st Earl Richmond Grandson of Charles "Beloved Mad" VI King France

Great x 4 Grandmother: Catherine of Valois Queen Consort England daughter of Charles "Beloved Mad" VI King France

Great x 2 Grandfather: King Henry VII of England and Ireland Great Grandson of Charles "Beloved Mad" VI King France

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Beaufort 1st Duke of Somerset Great Grandson of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Margaret Beaufort Countess Richmond 2 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Beauchamp Duchess Somerset 6 x Great Granddaughter of King John of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Margaret Tudor Queen Scotland daughter of King Henry VII of England and Ireland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York Great Grandson of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: King Edward IV of England 2 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Cecily "Rose of Raby" Neville Duchess York Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 2 Grandmother: Elizabeth York Queen Consort England daughter of King Edward IV of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Richard Woodville 1st Earl Rivers

Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Woodville Queen Consort England 6 x Great Granddaughter of King Henry III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Jacquetta of Luxembourg Duchess Bedford 5 x Great Granddaughter of King Henry III of England

Father: John "Lord Darnley" Stewart son of King James V of Scotland

Grandmother: Elizabeth Carmichael

Francis Stewart 5th Earl Bothwell Grandson of King James V of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Patrick Hepburn

Great x 3 Grandfather: Adam Hepburn 1st Lord Hailes

Great x 4 Grandmother: Ellen Wallace

Great x 2 Grandfather: Patrick Hepburn 1st Earl Bothwell

Great x 4 Grandfather: Alexander Home 1st Lord Home

Great x 3 Grandmother: Helen Home Lady Hailes

Great x 1 Grandfather: Adam Hepburn 2nd Earl Bothwell 12 x Great Grandson of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: Alexander Gordon 1st Earl Huntley 9 x Great Grandson of King John of England

Great x 3 Grandfather: George Gordon 2nd Earl Huntley 10 x Great Grandson of King John of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Elizabeth Crichton Countess Huntley

Great x 2 Grandmother: Margaret Gordon Countess Bothwell 11 x Great Granddaughter of King John of England

Grandfather: Patrick Hepburn 3rd Earl Bothwell 4 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Stewart of Innermeath 3rd of Lorn 6 x Great Grandson of King David I of Scotland

Great x 3 Grandfather: James "Black Knight of Lorn" Stewart 7 x Great Grandson of King David I of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandmother: Isabel Macdougall

Great x 2 Grandfather: James Stewart 1st Earl Buchan 2 x Great Grandson of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandfather: John Beaufort 1st Marquess Somerset and Dorset Grandson of King Edward III of England

Great x 3 Grandmother: Joan Beaufort Queen Consort Scotland Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Holland Duchess Clarence 2 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward I of England

Great x 1 Grandmother: Agnes Stewart Countess Bothwell 3 x Great Granddaughter of King Edward III of England

Mother: Jean Hepburn 4 x Great Granddaughter of King Robert III of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Henry Sinclair 2nd Earl Orkney

Great x 3 Grandfather: William Sinclair 3rd Earl Orkney 1st Earl Caithness Great Grandson of King Robert II of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandmother: Egidia "Fair Maid of Nithsdale" Douglas Countess Orkney Granddaughter of King Robert II of Scotland

Great x 2 Grandfather: William Sinclair 2nd Lord Sinclair Great Grandson of King Robert III of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Archibald Douglas 1st Duke Touraine 6 x Great Grandson of King David I of Scotland

Great x 3 Grandmother: Elizabeth Douglas Countess Buchan and Orkney Granddaughter of King Robert III of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandmother: Margaret Stewart Duchess Touraine daughter of King Robert III of Scotland

Great x 1 Grandfather: Henry Sinclair 3rd Lord Sinclair 2 x Great Grandson of King Robert III of Scotland

Great x 3 Grandfather: George Leslie 1st Earl Rothes

Great x 2 Grandmother: Christian Leslie Lady Sinclair

Grandmother: Agnes Sinclair Countess Bothwell 3 x Great Granddaughter of King Robert III of Scotland

Great x 4 Grandfather: Adam Hepburn of Hailes

Great x 3 Grandfather: Patrick Hepburn

Great x 4 Grandmother: Janet Borthwick

Great x 2 Grandfather: Adam Hepburn 1st Lord Hailes

Great x 3 Grandmother: Ellen Wallace

Great x 1 Grandmother: Margaret Hepburn

Great x 4 Grandfather: Alexander Home of Home and Dunglas

Great x 3 Grandfather: Alexander Home 1st Lord Home

Great x 2 Grandmother: Helen Home Lady Hailes