On this Day in History ... 5th August

05 Aug is in August.

641 Battle of Maserfield

1100 Coronation of Henry I

1305 Capture of William Wallace

1388 Battle of Otterburn

1415 Southampton Plot

1554 Creation of Garter Knights

1600 Gowrie Conspiracy

See Births, Marriages and Deaths.

Events on the 5th August

On 05 Aug 641 (or 642 or 644 depending on the source) King Penda of Mercia Mercian and Welsh army defeated the Northumbrian army at the Battle of Maserfield. The battle is believed to have taken place at Oswestry, Shropshire. Northumbria was once again separated into two kingdoms.

King Oswald of Northumberland (age 37) was killed. His body was subsequently dismembered with his head and arms mounted on poles. His brother King Oswiu of Northumbria (age 29) succeeded King Bernicia. Rhiainfellt Rheged Queen Consort Bernicia by marriage Queen Consort Bernicia.

Osric King Deira was killed. His son King Oswine of Deira succeeded King Deira.

Eowa King Mercia was killed (probably).

On 05 Aug 882 Louis III King West Francia (age 19) died.

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 1063. This year went Earl Harold (age 41), after mid-winter, from Gloucester to Rhyddlan [Map]; which belonged to Griffin: and that habitation he burned, with his ships and all the rigging belonging thereto; and put him to flight. Then in the gang-days went Harold with his ships from Bristol about Wales; where he made a truce with the people, and they gave him hostages. Tosty (age 37) meanwhile advanced with a land-force against them, and plundered the land. But in the harvest of the same year was King Griffin slain, on the nones of August, by his own men, through the war that he waged with Earl Harold. He was king over all the Welsh nation. And his head was brought to Earl Harold; who sent it to the king (age 60), with his ship's head, and the rigging therewith. King Edward committed the land to his two brothers, Blethgent (age 50) and Rigwatle; who swore oaths, and gave hostages to the king and to the earl, that they would be faithful to him in all things, ready to aid him everywhere by water and land, and would pay him such tribute from the land as was paid long before to other kings.

John of Worcester. 05 Aug 1064. Griffyth, king of Wales, was slain by his own people, on the nones [the 5th] of August, and his head and the beak of his ship, with its ornaments, were sent to earl Harold (age 42), who, shortly afterwards, presented them to king Edward (age 61). The king then gave the territories of the Welsh king to his brothers Blethgent (age 51) and Rithwalon77, and they swore to be faithful to him and Harold, and promised to be ready to obey their orders by sea and land, and that they would faithfully pay whatever was paid before from that country to former kings.

Note 77. Blethyn and Rhywallon, princes of North Wales and Powis, 1060—1066.

On 05 Aug 1064 Gruffydd ap Llywelyn King Wales was killed. The Ulster Chronicle states that he was killed by Cynan ab Iago King Gwynedd in 1064, whose father Iago had been put to death by Gruffydd in 1039.

On 05 Aug 1100 King Henry I "Beauclerc" England (age 32) was crowned I King England by Bishop Maurice at Westminster Abbey [Map].

On 05 Aug 1103 William Adelin Normandy Duke Normandy was born to King Henry I "Beauclerc" England (age 35) and Edith aka Matilda Dunkeld Queen Consort England (age 23). The name Adelin an Anglo-Saxon term meaning Noble, or Prince, reflecting his mother's descent from the House of Wessex (her mother was Margaret Wessex Queen Consort Scotland ).

On 05 Aug 1305 William Wallace was handed over to the English forces by John Menteith (age 30) at Robroyston, Glasgow.

On 05 Aug 1309 Piers Gaveston 1st Earl Cornwall (age 25) was restored 1st Earl Cornwall.

Froissart Book 3 Chapter 125. Before 05 Aug 1388. As at that time the earl of Northumberland and the other lords and knights of that country knew nothing of their coming. When tidings came to Newcastle and to Durham that the Scots were abroad, and that they might well see by the fires and smoke abroad in the country, the earl (age 46) sent to Newcastle his two sons [Henry "Hotspur" Percy (age 24) and Ralph Percy (age 29)] and sent commandment to every man to draw to Newcastle, saying to his sons: 'Ye shall go to Newcastle and all the country shall assemble there, and I shall tarry at Alnwick, which is a passage that they must pass by. If we may enclose them, we shall speed well.' Sir Henry Percy and sir Ralph his brother obeyed their father's commandment and came thither with them of the country. The Scots rode burning and exiling the country, that the smoke thereof came to Newcastle. The Scots came to the gates of Durham and scrimmished there; but they tarried not long but returned, as they had ordained before to do, and that they found by the way took and destroyed it. Between Durham and Newcastle is but twelve leagues English and a good country: there was no town, without it were closed, but it was brent, and they repassed the river of Tyne where they had passed before, and then came before Newcastle and there rested. All the English knights and esquires of the country of York and bishopric of Durham were assembled at Newcastle, and thither came the seneschal of York, sir Ralph Lumley (age 28), sir Matthew Redman (age 60), captain of Berwick, sir Robert Ogle (age 36), sir Thomas Grey, sir Thomas Holton, sir John Felton, sir John Lilleburn, sir Thomas Abingdon, the baron of Hilton, sir John Coppledike and divers other, so that the town was so full of people that they wist not where to lodge.

Froissart Book 3 Chapter 125. Before 05 Aug 1388. When these three Scottish earls who were chief captains had made their enterprise in the bishopric of Durham and had sore overrun the country, then they returned to Newcastle and there rested and tarried two days, and every day they scrimmished. The earl of Northumberland's two sons were two young lusty knights and were ever foremost at the barriers to scrimmish. There were many proper feats of arms done and achieved: there was fighting hand to hand: among other there fought hand to hand the earl Douglas (age 30) and sir Henry Percy (age 46), and by force of arms the earl Douglas won the pennon of sir Henry Percy's, wherewith he was sore displeased and so were all the Englishmen. And the earl Douglas said to sir Henry Percy: 'Sir, I shall bear this token of your prowess into Scotland and shall set it on high on my castle of Dalkeith, that it may be seen far off.' 'Sir,' quoth sir Henry, 'ye may be sure ye shall not pass the bounds of this country till ye be met withal in such wise that ye shall make none avaunt thereof.' 'Well, sir.' quoth the earl Douglas, 'come this night to my lodging and seek for your pennon: I shall set it before my lodging and see if ye will come to take it away.' So then it was late, and the Scots withdrew to their lodgings and refreshed them with such as they had. They had flesh enough: they made that night good watch, for they thought surely to be awaked for the words they had spoken, but they were not, for sir Henry Percy was counselled not so to do.

Froissart Book 3 Chapter 125. Before 05 Aug 1388. Now let us speak of the earl Douglas (age 30) and other, for they had more to do than they that went by Carlisle, Cumberland [Map]. When the earls of Douglas, of Moray (age 46), of March, and Dunbar (age 50)1 departed from the great host, they took their way thinking to pass the water and to enter into the bishopric of Durham, and to ride to the town and then to return, brenning and exiling the country and so to come to Newcastle [Map] and to lodge there in the town in the despite of all the Englishmen. And as they determined, so they did assay to put it in use, for they rode a great pace under covert without doing of any pillage by the way or assaulting of any castle, tower or house, but so came into the lord Percy's land and passed the river of Tyne without any let a three leagues above Newcastle not far from Brancepeth, and at last entered into the bishopric of Durham, where they found a good country. Then they began to make war, to slay people and to bren villages and to do many sore displeasures.

Note 1. George, earl of March and Dunbar: the text gives Mare, but there was at this time no earl of Mar.

Froissart Book 3 Chapter 126. 05 Aug 1388 or 19 Aug 1388. There began a cruel battle and at the first encounter many were overthrown of both parties; and because the Englishmen were a great number and greatly desired to vanguish their enemies, and rested1 and greatly did put aback the Scots, so that the Scots were near discomfited. Then the earl James Douglas, who was young and strong and of great desire to get praise and grace, and was willing to deserve to have it, and cared for no pain nor travail, came forth with his banner and cried, 'Douglas, Douglas!' and sir Henry Percy and sir Ralph his brother, who had great indignation against the earl Douglas because he had won the pennon of their arms at the barriers before Newcastle, came to that part and cried, 'Percy!' Their two banners met and their men: there was a sore fight: the Englishmen were so strong and fought so valiantly that they reculed the Scots back. There were two valiant knights of Scots under the banner of the earl Douglas, called sir Patrick of Hepbourn and sir Patrick his son. They acquitted themselves that day valiantly: the earl's banner had been won, an they had not been: they defended it so valiantly and in the rescuing thereof did such feats of arms, that it was greatly to their recommendation and to their heirs for ever after.

Note 1. In French, 'ilz se arresterent,' without 'and.'

On either 05 Aug 1388 or 19 Aug 1388 a Scottish army commanded by John Swinton defeated an English army commanded by Henry "Hotspur" Percy (age 24) during the Battle of Otterburn at Otterburn [Map]. Henry "Hotspur" Percy and his brother Ralph Percy (age 29) were captured as was Matthew Redman (age 60). The English suffered 1000 killed, 2000 captured. The Scottish 100 killed, 200 captured.

On the Scottish side James Douglas 2nd Earl Douglas (age 30) was killed. His sister Isabel Douglas Countess Mar (age 28) succeeded Countess Mar.

John Dunbar 1st Earl of Moray (age 46) fought.

On 05 Aug 1415 two executions of those involved in the Southampton Plot took place at the North Gate aka Bargate [Map]:

Richard of Conisbrough 1st Earl Cambridge (age 30) was beheaded. His son Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York (age 3) succeeded 2nd Earl Cambridge.

Henry Scrope 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham (age 42) was beheaded. His brother John Scrope 4th Baron Scrope of Masham (age 27) succeeded 4th Baron Scrope of Masham.

Chronicle of Gregory 1447. 05 Aug 1447. Also that same year dyssesyde the Duke of Exceter (age 52), and he was enteryd at Syn Kateryns [Map].

Calendar of State Papers in the Archives of Venice. 05 Aug 1531. We next went to another palace, called Richmond, where the Princess (age 15), her daughter, resides; and having asked the maggiordomo for permission to see her, he spoke to the chamberlain, and then to the governess [Margaret York Countess of Salisbury (age 57)], and they made us wait. Then after seeing the palace we returned into a hall, and having entered a spacious chamber where there were some venerable old men with whom we discoursed, the Princess came forth accompanied by a noble lady advanced in years, who is her governess, and by six maids of honour (donzelle). We kissed her hand, and she asked us how long we had been in England, and if we had seen their Majesties, her father and mother, and what we thought of the country; she then turned to her attendants, desiring them to treat us well, and withdrew into her chamber. This Princess is not very tall, has a pretty face, and is well proportioned (disposta) with a very beautiful complexion, and is 15 years old. She speaks Spanish, French, and Latin, besides her own mother-English tongue, is well grounded in Greek, and understands Italian, but does not venture to speak it. She sings excellently, and plays on several instruments, so that she combines every accomplishment. We were then taken to a sumptuous repast, after which we returned to our lodging, whither, according to the fashion of the country, the Princess sent us a present of wine and ale (which last is another beverage of theirs), and white bread. On the next day, which was the 6th, we returned to London to the house of our ambassador, where we remained two days, and then by boat went down the Thames, which is very broad, and covered with swans, and thus we got to Dover the passage port.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 05 Aug 1553. [The Queen (age 37) released from prison the lord Courtenay (age 26), soon after created earl] of Denshyre, and odur moo.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 05 Aug 1553. And the Qwene (age 37) grace mad ser Edward Hastyngs (age 32) master of the horse, and ser Thomas Jernyngham [Note. Mistake for Henry made before.] vysse-chamburlayne and captayn of the gard, and master Rochastur (age 59) master controller; my lord marqwes of Wynchaster (age 70) lord tresorer of England, and dyvers odur offeserse, and dyvers odur.

Wriothesley's Chronicle 05 Aug 1554. 05 Aug 1554. Sundaye 5 August the King (age 27) was stalled in Windsore of the noble order of the Garter, and there kept St. George's feast in his royall estate himselfe; where was kept a great feast. And the Earle of Sussex (age 47) was made knight of the Garter at that tyme allso.

Henry Machyn's Diary. Before 05 Aug 1556. The (blank) day of August was bered the bysshope of Chechastur doctur Day (deceased), with armes, in the contrey.

Note. Death of bishop Day. George Day, D.D. bishop of Chichester, consecrated in 1543. He was buried in his own cathedral. See a memoir of him in Dallaway's City of Chichester, 4to. 1815, p. 72. He refused to assent to the destruction of altars in 1550 (Archæologia, xviii. 149), and in 1553 was summoned to preach the sermon at queen Mary's coronation (ibid. 174).

Henry Machyn's Diary. After 05 Aug 1556. The (blank) day of August ded [died] ij bysshops, the bysshope of Chechastur Day (deceased), and the bysshope of Wosseter doctur Belle sumtyme bysshope.

Note. P. 112. Funeral of doctor John Bell, formerly bishop of Worcester. His sepulchral brass, formerly in Clerkenwell church, is now in Parliament Street; a small copy is engraved by Malcolm, Londinium Redivivum, iii. 212. See the epitaph in Stowe and the other Histories of London.

On 05 Aug 1557 James Stewart 1st Earl of Moray Regent (age 26) and his half-brother Lord Robert (age 24), and Lord Home (age 22) led a raiding party from Edinburgh [Map] towards Ford Castle in Northumberland and burnt houses at Fenton before retreating on the approach of an English force led by Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 05 Aug 1559. The v day of August the Quen('s) (age 25) grace removyd from Eltham [Map] unto Non-shyche [Map], my lord of Arundell('s) (age 47), and ther her grace had as gret cher evere nyght, and bankettes [banquets]; but the sonday at nyght my lord of Arundell('s) howse mad her a grett bankett [banquet] at ys cost, the wyche kyng Henry the viij byldyd, as ever was sene, for soper, bankett, and maske, with drumes and flutes, and all the mysyke that cold be, tyll mydnyght; and as for chere has nott bene sene nor hard. [On monday] the Quen('s) grace stod at her standyng [in the further park,] and ther was corse [coursing] after; and at nyght the Quen .... and a play of the chylderyn of Powlles and ther master Se[bastian], master Phelypes, and master Haywod, and after a grett bankett as [ever was s[ene, with drumes and flutes, and the goodly banketts [of dishes] costely as ever was sene and gyldyd, tyll iij in mornyng; and ther was skallyng of yonge lordes and knyghtes of the ....

Note. P. 206. Master Sebastian, Phdips, and Haywood. "Sebastian scolemaister of Powles" gave queen Mary on new-year's day 1557 "a book of ditties, written." (Nichols's Progresses, &c. of Q. Elizabeth, 1823, vol. i. p. xxxv.) Mr. Collier supposes his surname to have been Westcott (Annals of the Stage, i. 155).—Robert Phelipps was one of the thirtytwo gentlemen of the chapel to king Edward VI. (Hawkins's History of Music, vol. iii. p. 481.—Of John Heywood as an author of interludes and master of a company of "children" players various notices will be found in Mr. Collier's wor

Note. P. 206. The Queen's grace stood at her standing in the further park. "Shooting at deer with a cross-bow (remarks Mr. Hunter in his New Illustrations of Shakespeare) was a favourite amusement of ladies of rank; and buildings with flat roofs, called stands or standings, were erected in many parks, as in that of Sheffield, and in that of Pilkington near Manchester, expressly for the purpose of this diversion." They seem to have been usually concealed by bushes or trees, so that the deer would not perceive their enemy. In Shakspere's Love-Labours Lost, at the commencement of the fourth Act, the Princess repairs to a Stand—

Then, Forester my friend, where is the bush

That we must stand and play the murtherer in?

Forester. Here-by, upon the edge of yonder coppice,

A Stand where you may make the fairest shoot.

Mr. Hunter further remarks that they were often made ornamental, as may be concluded from the following passage in Goldingham's poem called "The Garden Plot," where, speaking of a bower, he compares it with one of these stands—

To term it Heaven I think were little sin,

Or Paradise, for so it did appear;

So far it passed the bowers that men do banquet in,

Or standing made to shoot at stately deer.

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On 05 Aug 1570 Edward Manners 3rd Earl of Rutland (age 21) was appointed Constable of Nottingham Castle [Map] and steward, keeper, warden, and chief justice of Sherwood Forest.

On 05 Aug 1599 Charles Wilmot 1st Viscount Wilmot (age 27) was knighted by Robert Devereux 2nd Earl Essex (age 33) at Dublin [Map].

On 05 Aug 1599 Alexander Radclyffe of Ordsall Hall (age 26) died of wounds and fever in Ulster while campaigning with the Robert Devereux 2nd Earl Essex (age 33) during the unsuccessful attempt to bring Ireland under English control. The Queen (age 65) herself informed his twin sister of her brother's death.

On 05 Aug 1600. The Gowrie Conspiracy was an attempt by John Ruthven 3rd Earl Gowrie (age 23) and his brother Alexander Ruthven (age 20) to kill King James I (age 34). He, King James, had had their father William Ruthven 1st Earl Gowrie executed for his part in the Raid of Ruthven eighteen years earlier.

The attempt was botched. John Ruthven 3rd Earl Gowrie and Alexander Ruthven were killed, the former by John Ramsay 1st Earl Holderness (age 20).

William Ruthven fled to France.

Patrick Ruthven was imprisoned for nineteen years at the Tower of London [Map].

Before 05 Aug 1661 Cornelius Johnson (age 67). Portrait of Thomas Coventry 1st Baron Coventry.

Before 05 Aug 1661 Cornelius Johnson (age 67). Portrait of Thomas Cotton 2nd Baronet (age 67).

Before 05 Aug 1661 Cornelius Johnson (age 67). Portrait of Bridget Cromwell (age 37).

Bridget Cromwell: In 1624 she was born to Oliver Cromwell and Elizabeth Bourchier. On 15 Jun 1646 Henry Ireton and she were married. In 1652 Major General Charles Fleetwood and she were married. In 1662 Bridget Cromwell died.

Before 05 Aug 1661 Cornelius Johnson (age 67). Portrait of Oliver St John 1st Viscount Grandison. Lydiard House.

Before 05 Aug 1661 Cornelius Johnson (age 67). Portrait of Anne Harrison Lady Fanshawe (age 36). Valence House Museum.

Evelyn's Diary. 05 Aug 1662. To London, and next day to Hampton Court [Map], about my purchase, and took leave of Sir R. Fanshawe (age 54), now going Ambassador to Portugal.

Pepy's Diary. 05 Aug 1663. All the morning at the office, whither Deane (age 29) of Woolwich came to me and discoursed of the body of ships, which I am now going about to understand, and then I took him to the coffee-house, where he was very earnest against Mr. Grant's (age 43) report in favour of Sir W. Petty's (age 40) vessel, even to some passion on both sides almost.

John Reresby's Diary 05 Aug 1665. 05 Aug 1665. His royal highness (age 31) and his duchess (age 28) came down to York, where they stayed till September the 23rd, when the Duke went for Oxford, where the King (age 35) was to meet the Parliament. The Duchess went not till some time after. Most of the gentry attended at York whilst their liighnesses were there. The Duke passed his time in shooting and other exercises, the Duchess in receiving the ladies, which she did very obligingly. One evening having a little snake (which I kept in bran in a box) in my hand as I was in the presence, one of the maids of honour seeing of it was frightened. The Duchess, hearing the noise, and what was the occasion, desired to see the snake, and took it into her hand without any fear. This Duchess was Chancellor Hyde's (age 56) daughter, and she was a very handsome woman, and had a great deal of wit; therefore it was not without reason that Mr. Sydney (age 24), the handsomest youth of his time, of the Duke's bedchamber, was so much in love with her, as appeared to us all, and the Duchess not unkind to him, but very innocently. He was afterwards banished the Court for another reason, as was reported.

Pepy's Diary. 05 Aug 1665. Thence to Redriffe [Map], where we parted, and I home, where busy all the afternoon. Stepped to Colvill's to set right a business of money, where he told me that for certain De Ruyter (age 58) is come home, with all his fleete, which is very ill newes, considering the charge we have been at in keeping a fleete to the northward so long, besides the great expectation of snapping him, wherein my Lord Sandwich (age 40) will I doubt suffer some dishonour. I am told also of a great ryott upon Thursday last in Cheapside [Map]; Colonell Danvers, a delinquent, having been taken, and in his way to the Tower was rescued from the captain of the guard, and carried away; only one of the rescuers being taken. I am told also that the Duke of Buckingham (age 37) is dead, but I know not of a certainty.

Evelyn's Diary. 05 Aug 1665. Horace Walpole (afterward Earl of Orford), in his Catalogue of Engravers, gives us the following admirably drawn character: "If Mr. Evelyn (age 44) had not been an artist himself, as I think I can prove he was, I should yet have found it difficult to deny myself the pleasure of allotting him a place among the arts he loved, promoted, patronized; and it would be but justice to inscribe his name with due panegyric in these records, as I have once or twice taken the liberty to criticise him. But they are trifling blemishes compared with his amiable virtues and beneficence; and it may be remarked that the worst I have said of him is, that he knew more than he always communicated. It is no unwelcome satire to say, that a man's intelligence and philosophy is inexhaustible. I mean not to write his biography, but I must observe, that his life, which was extended to eighty-six years, was a course of inquiry, study, curiosity, instruction, and benevolence. The works of the Creator, and the minute labors of the creature, were all objects of his pursuit. He unfolded the perfection of the one, and assisted the imperfection of the other. He adored from examination; was a courtier that flattered only by informing his Prince, and by pointing out what was worthy of him to countenance; and really was the neighbor of the Gospel, for there was no man that might not have been the better for him. Whoever peruses a list of his works will subscribe to my assertion. He was one of the first promoters of the Royal Society; a patron of the ingenious and the indigent; and peculiarly serviceable to the lettered world; for, besides his writings and discoveries, he obtained the Arundelian Marbles for the University of Oxford, and the Arundelian Library for the Royal Society. Nor is it the least part of his praise, that he who proposed to Mr. Boyle the erection of a Philosophical College for retired and speculative persons, had the honesty to write in defense of active life against Sir George Mackenzie's 'Essay on Solitude.' He knew that retirement, in his own hands, was industry and benefit to mankind; but in those of others, laziness and inutility"..

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John Reresby's Diary 05 Aug 1665. 05 Aug 1665. The Duchess (age 28) in her return lay at Welbeck [Map], the old Duke of Newcastle (age 72) being alive, where she was splendidly entertained, the Duke of York (age 31) having directed that the same respect should be paid her wherever she passed as if he were present. The Duke of Buckingham (age 37) and my Lord Ogle (age 35) had a quarrel there.

Pepy's Diary. 05 Aug 1665. In the morning up, and my wife showed me several things of her doing, especially one fine woman's Persian head mighty finely done, beyond what I could expect of her; and so away by water, having ordered in the yarde six or eight bargemen to be whipped, who had last night stolen some of the King's cordage from out of the yarde. I to Deptford, Kent [Map], and there by agreement met with my Lord Bruncker (age 45), and there we kept our office, he and I, and did what there was to do, and at noon parted to meet at the office next week. Sir W. Warren and I thence did walk through the rain to Half-Way House, and there I eat a piece of boiled beef and he and I talked over several businesses, among others our design upon the mast docke, which I hope to compass and get 2 or £300 by.

Calendar of State Papers Charles II 05 Aug 1666. 05 Aug 1666. 86. Instructions given to Sir Thomas Clifford (age 36), returning to the fleet, to be communicated to Prince Rupert (age 46) and the Duke of Albemarle (age 57), generals, viz.: to assure them of the King's satisfaction with their conduct in the last happy engagement; to acquaint them with the state of supplies, the condition of ships sent in disabled, the state of the fleet bound for Gottenburg; to consult about that for Hamburg which waits a convoy, as do the vessels ready to come thence with naval provisions, &c.; to tell them of the disadvantages that may arise from their remaining on the Holland coast, many ships being presumed to be too much: hurt to bear foul weather or the shcck of another engagement, when the Dutch are strengthened with De Beaufort's (age 50) fleet, and perhaps some ships from "Denmark, especially as unless their East India and merchant ships come in a few days, they will put into harbour, on notice that their fleet is disabled, and ours: waiting them on their coasts; to tell them that the complaint of Sir Jeremy Smith's misbehaviour in the late engagement being so universal, unless he have fully satisfied the generals, he should be brought to trial by court martial, and there purged or condemned, but sentence not executed till further orders; to represent that the fleet will run less risk, more easily refresh and refit itself, sooner join the ships making ready, especially the fire-ships, and receive expected recruits, by returning to the Downs, Sole Bay [Map], or the Isle of Wight, but as, on the other hand, the reputation of the victory will be best maintained by the fleet's continuing on the enemy's coast, the generals are to reflect seriously on these points and decide for themselves whether to stay or return; to recommend them to let His Majesty hear often from them, and especially their resolutions upon these several directions. [3 pages, draft, corrected by Lord Arlington.]

Pepy's Diary. 05 Aug 1668. So home to dinner, and thence out to the Duke of York's playhouse, and there saw "The Guardian"; formerly the same, I find, that was called "Cutter of Coleman Street"; a silly play. And thence to Westminster Hall [Map], where I met Fitzgerald; and with him to a tavern, to consider of the instructions for Sir Thomas Allen (age 35), against his going to Algiers; he and I being designed to go down to Portsmouth, Hampshire [Map] by the Council's order, and by and by he and I went to the Duke of York (age 34), who orders me to go down to-morrow morning. So I away home, and there bespeak a coach; and so home and to bed, my wife being abroad with the Mercers walking in the fields, and upon the water.

Pepy's Diary. 05 Aug 1668. So to bed about two o'clock, and then up about seven and to White Hall, where read over my report to Lord Arlington (age 50) and Berkeley (age 66), and then afterward at the Council Board with great good liking, but, Lord! how it troubled my eyes, though I did not think I could have done it, but did do it, and was not very bad afterward.

On 05 Aug 1668 Philippe Charles Bourbon was born to Louis "Sun King" XIV King France (age 29) and Maria Theresa of Spain Queen Consort France (age 29). Coefficient of inbreeding 17.28%.

Evelyn's Diary. 05 Aug 1677. I went to visit my Lord Brounker (age 57), now taking the waters at Dulwich.

Evelyn's Diary. 05 Aug 1687. I went to see Albury, now purchased by Mr. Finch (age 38) (the King's Solicitor and son to the late Lord Chancellor); I found the garden which I first designed for the Duke of Norfolk, nothing improved.

Before 05 Aug 1736 Enoch "The Younger" Seeman (age 42). Portrait of a Lady from the St John Family. Thought to be Angelica Magdalena Pellissary Viscountess St John (age 70).

Before 05 Aug 1736 John Vanderbank (age 41) (circle of). Portrait of Angelica Magdalena Pellissary Viscountess St John (age 70) in Coronation Robes.

Letters of Horace Walpole. 05 Aug 1752. From Sevenoaks [Map] we went to Knowle. The park is sweet, with much old beech, and an immense sycamore before the great gate, that makes me more in love than ever with sycamores. The house is not near so extensive as I expected:330 the outward court has a beautiful decent simplicity that charms one. The apartments are many, but not large. The furniture throughout, ancient magnificence; loads of portraits, not good nor curious; ebony cabinets, embossed silver in vases, dishes, etc. embroidered beds, stiff chairs, and sweet bags lying on velvet tables, richly worked in silk and gold. There are two galleries, one very small; an old hall, and a spacious great drawing-room. There is never a good staircase. The first little room you enter has sundry portraits of the times; but they seem to have been bespoke by the yard, and drawn all by the same painter; One should be happy if they were authentic; for among them there is Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, Gardiner of Winchester, the Earl of Surry, the poet, when a boy, and a Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, but I don't know which. The only fine picture is of Lord Goring and Endymion Porter by Vandyke. There is a good head of the Queen of Bohemia, a whole-length of Duc d'Espernon, and another good head of the Clifford, Countess of Dorset, who wrote that admirable haughty letter to Secretary Williamson, when he recommended a person to her for member for Appleby: "I have been bullied by an usurper, I have been neglected by a court, but I won't be dictated to by a subject: your man shan't stand. Ann Dorset, Pembroke and Montgomery." In the chapel is a piece of ancient tapestry: Saint Luke in his first profession is holding an urinal. Below stairs is a chamber of poets and players, which is proper enough in that house; for the first Earl wrote a play331, and the last Earl was a poet332, and I think married a player333 Major Mohun and Betterton are curious among the latter, Cartwright and Flatman among the former. The arcade is newly enclosed, painted in fresco, and with modern glass of all the family matches. In the gallery is a whole-length of the unfortunate Earl of Surry, with his device, a broken column, and the motto Sat superest. My father had one of them, but larger, and with more emblems, which the Duke of Norfolk bought at my brother's sale. There is one good head of henry VIII, and divers of Cranfield, Earl of Middlesex, the citizen who came to be lord treasurer, and was very near coming to be hanged.334 His Countess, a bouncing kind of lady-mayoress, looks pure awkward amongst so much good company. A visto cut through the wood has a delightful effect from the front: but there are some trumpery fragments of gardens that spoil the view from the state apartments.

Note 329. Only son of Dr. Richard Bentley, the celebrated Divine and classical scholar. He was educated at Trinity College, under his father. Cumberland, who was his nephew, describes him as a man of various and considerable accomplishments; possessing a fine genius, great wit, and a brilliant imagination; "but there was," he adds, "a certain eccentricity and want of prudence in his character, that involved him in distresses, and reduced him to situations uncongenial with his feelings, and unpropitious to the cultivation and encouragement of his talents."-E.

Note 330. Evelyn in his Diary for July 25, 1673, says, "In my way I visited my Lord of Dorset's house at Knowle, near Sevenoaks, a greate old-fashion'd house."-E.

Note 331. Thomas Sackville, Lord Buckhurst, while a student in the Temple, wrote his tragedy of Gordobuc, which was played before Queen Elizabeth, at Whitehall, in 1561. He was created Earl of Dorset by James the First, in 1604.-E.

Note 332. Charles Sackville, sixth Earl of Dorset. On the day previous to the naval engagement with the Dutch, in 1665, he is said to have composed his celebrated song, "to all you Ladies now on Land."-E.

Note 333. On the contrary, he married the Lady Frances, daughter of the Earl of Middlesex, who survived him.-E. [Note. This appears to be a mistake insofar as Richard Sackville 5th Earl Dorset married Frances Cranfield Countess Dorset who was the daughter of Lionel Cranfield 1st Earl Middlesex. Charles Sackville 6th Earl Dorset 1st Earl Middlesex married firstly Mary Bagot Countess Falmouth and Dorset and secondly Mary Compton Countess Dorset and Middlesex. There, however, references to his marrying an actress Alice Lee with whom he appear to have had a daughter Mary Sackville Countess Orrery.]

Note 334. Lionel Cranfield, Earl of Middlesex, married two wives: the first was the daughter of a London citizen; the second, the daughter of James Brett, Esq. and half-sister of Mary Beaumont, created Countess of Buckingham. To this last alliance, Lord Middlesex owed his extraordinary advancement.-E.

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Letters of Horace Walpole. 05 Aug 1752. Now begins our chapter of woes. The inn was full of farmers and tobacco; and the next morning, when we were bound for Penshurst, Kent [Map], the only man in the town who had two horses would not let us have them, because the roads, as he said, were so bad. We were forced to send to the wells for others, which did not arrive till half the day was spent-we all the while up to the head and ears in a market of sheep and oxen. A mile from the town we climbed up a hill to see Summer Hill335, the residence of Grammont's Princess of Babylon.336 There is now scarce a road to it: the Paladins of those times were too valorous to fear breaking their necks; and I much apprehend that la Monsery and the fair Mademoiselle Hamilton337, must have mounted their palfreys and rode behind their gentlemen-ushers upon pillions to the Wells. The house is little better than a farm, but has been an excellent one, and is entire, though out of repair. I have drawn the front of it to show you, which you are to draw over again to show me. It stands high, commands a vast landscape beautifully wooded, and has quantities of large old trees to shelter itself, some of which might be well spared to open views.

From Summer Hill we went to Lamberhurst to dine; near which, that is, at the distance of three miles, up and down impracticable hills, in a most retired vale, such as Pope describes in the last Dunciad, "Where slumber abbots, purple as their vines,"

Note 335. "May 29, 1652. We went to see the house of my Lord Clanrickard, at Summer Hill, near Tunbridge; now given to that villain Bradshaw, who condemned the King. 'Tis situated on an eminent hill, with a park, but has nothing else extraordinary." Evelyn, vol. ii. p. 58.-E.

Note 336. Lady Margaret Macarthy, daughter and heiress of the Marquis of Clanricarde, wife of Charles, Lord Muskerry.-E.

Note 337. Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Sir George Hamilton, fourth son of the first Earl of Abercorn, and niece of to the first Duke of Ormond, celebrated in the "Memoires de Grammont" (written by her brother, Count Anthony Hamilton,) for her beauty and accomplishments. She married Philip, Count de Grammont, by whom she had two daughters; the eldest married Henry Howard, created Earl of Stafford, and the youngest took the veil.-E.

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Letters of Horace Walpole. 05 Aug 1752. Here our woes increase. The roads row bad beyond all badness, the night dark beyond all darkness, our guide frightened beyond all frightfulness. However, without being at all killed, we got UP, or down,-I forget which, it was so dark,-a famous precipice called Silver Hill, and about ten at night arrived at a wretched village called Rotherbridge. We had still six miles hither, but determined to stop, as it would be a pity to break our necks before we had seen all we intended. But alas! there was only one bed to be had: all the rest were inhabited by smugglers, whom the people of the house called mountebanks; and with one of whom the lady of the den told Mr. Chute he might lie. We did not at all take to this society, but, armed with links and lanthems, set out again upon this impracticable journey. At two o'clock in the morning we got hither to a still worse inn, and that crammed with excise officers, one of whom had just shot a smuggler. However, as we were neutral powers, we have passed safely through both armies hitherto, and can give you a little farther history of our wandering through these mountains, where the young gentlemen are forced to drive their curricles with a pair of oxen. the only morsel of good road we have found, was what even the natives had assured us was totally impracticable: these were eight miles to Hurst Monceaux.338 It is seated at the end of a large vale, five miles in a direct line to the sea, with wings of blue hills covered with wood, one of which falls down to the in a sweep of a hundred acres. The building, for the convenience of water to the moat, sees nothing at all; indeed it is entirely imagined on a plan of defence, with drawbridges actually in being, round towers, watch-towers mounted on them, and battlements pierced for the passage of arrows from long bows. It was built in the time of Henry VI, and is as perfect as the first day. It does not seem to have been ever quite finished, or at least that age was not arrived at the luxury of white-wash; for almost all the walls, except in the principal chambers, are in their native brickhood. It is a square building, each side about two hundred feet in length; a porch and cloister, very like Eton College; and the whole is much in the same taste, the kitchen extremely so, with three vast funnels to the chimneys going up on the inside. There are two or three little courts for offices, but no magnificence of apartments. It is scarcely furnished with a few necessary beds and chairs: one side has been sashed, and a drawing-room and dining-room and two or three rooms wainscoted by the Earl of Sussex, who married a natural daughter of Charles II. Their arms with delightful carvings by Gibbons-, particularly two pheasants, hang over the chimneys. Over the great drawing-room chimney is the first coat armour of the first Leonard, Lord Dacre, with all his alliances. Mr. Chute was transported, and called cousin with ten thousand quarterings.339 The chapel is small, and mean: the Virgin and seven long lean saints, ill done, remain in the windows. There have been four more, but seem to have been removed for light; and we actually found St. Catherine, and another gentlewoman with a church in her hand, exiled into the buttery. There remain two odd cavities, with very small wooden screens on each side the altar, which seem to have been confessionals. The outside is a mixture of gray brick and stone, that has a very venerable appearance. The drawbridges are romantic to a degree; and there is a dungeon, that gives one a delightful idea of living in the days of soccage and under such goodly tenures. They showed us a dismal chamber which they called Drummer's-hall, and suppose that Mr. Addison's comedy is descended from it. In the windows of the gallery over the cloisters, which leads all round to the apartments, is the device of the Fienneses, a wolf holding a baton with a scroll, Le roy le veut - an unlucky motto, as I shall tell you presently, to the last peer of that line. The estate is two thousand a year, and so compact as to have but seventeen houses upon it. We walked up a brave old avenue to the church, with ships sailing on our left hand the whole way. Before the altar lies a lank brass knight, knight William Fienis, chevalier, who obiit c.c.c.c.v. that is in 1405. By the altar is a beautiful tomb, all in our trefoil taste, varied into a thousand little canopies and patterns, and two knights reposing on their backs. These were Thomas, Lord Dacre, and his only son Gregory, who died sans issue. An old grayheaded beadsman of the family talked to us of a blot in the scutcheon; and we had observed that the field of the arms was green instead of blue, and the lions ramping to the right, contrary to order. This and the man's imperfect narrative let us into the circumstances of the personage before us; for there is no inscription. He went in a Chevy-chase style to hunt in a Mr. Pelham's (age 57)340 park at Lawton: the keepers opposed, a fray ensued, a man was killed. The haughty baron took the death upon himself, as most secure of pardon; but however, though there was no chancellor of the exchequer in the question, he was condemned to be hanged: Le roy le Vouloist.

Note 338. the ancient inheritance of Lord Dacre of the South.-E.

Note 339. Chaloner Chute, Esq, of the Vine, married Catherine, daughter of Richard, Lord Dacre.-E.

Note 340. At the date of this letter Mr. Pelham was prime minister.

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On 05 Aug 1793 John Lee (age 61) died. He was buried at St Mary's Church, Staindrop [Map] where he has a monument sculpted by Joseph Nollekens (age 55).

The London Gazette 25615. St. James's Palace, August 5, 1886. THE Queen has been pleased to make the following Appointments in Her Majesty's Household:

Edward, Earl of Lathom, to be Lord Chamberlain of Her Majesty's Household, in the room of Valentine Augustus, Earl of Kenmare, K.P., resigned.

William Heneage, Viscount Lewisham, to be Vice-Chamberlain of Her Majesty's Household, in the room of Frederick Edward Gould, Viscount Kilcoursie, M.P., resigned.

George William (age 62), Viscount Barrington, to be Captain of Her Majesty's Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms, in the room of Charles Douglas Richard (age 46), Lord Sudeley, resigned.

Algernon Hawkins Thomond, Earl of Kintore, to be Captain of Her Majesty's Guard of Yeomen of the Guard, in the room of William John, Lord Monson, resigned.

The London Gazette 25615. St. James's Palace, August 5, 1886. To be Lords in Waiting in Ordinary to Her Majesty:—

William Hillier (age 33), Earl of Onslow, in the room of William, Lord Kensington, resigned.

William Hale John Charles (age 46), Earl of Limerick, in the room of Henry James, Lord Hothfield, resigned.

John-Major (age 43), Lord Henniker, in the room of Thomas, Lord Ribblesdale, resigned.

John Adrian Louis, Earl of Hopetoun, in the room of Frederick Henry Paul, Lord Methuen, resigned.

William Buller Fullerton, Lord Elphinstone, in the room of Thomas John, Lord Thurlow, resigned.

On 05 Aug 1901 Victoria Empress Germany Queen Consort Prussia (age 60) died.

After 05 Aug 1908. John Edwards. Photograph of Emma Hatch Countess of Clarendon (age 53).

Emma Hatch Countess of Clarendon: In 1855 she was born to Lieutenant-General George Cliffe Hatch. On 05 Aug 1908 Edward Villiers 5th Earl Clarendon and Emma Hatch were married at the Chapel Royal, St James's Palace. She by marriage Countess Clarendon. He the son of George William Villiers 4th Earl Clarendon and Katherine Grimston Countess Clarendon. On 09 Mar 1935 she died.

On 05 Aug 1944 Major Thomas William Assheton Frankland 11th Baronet (age 41) was killed on active service. His son James Assheton Frankland 18th Baron Zouche (age 1) succeeded 12th Baronet Frankland of Thirkleby in Yorkshire.

Births on the 5th August

Before 05 Aug 642 Æthelwald King Deira was born to King Oswald of Northumberland.

On 05 Aug 1103 William Adelin Normandy Duke Normandy was born to King Henry I "Beauclerc" England (age 35) and Edith aka Matilda Dunkeld Queen Consort England (age 23). The name Adelin an Anglo-Saxon term meaning Noble, or Prince, reflecting his mother's descent from the House of Wessex (her mother was Margaret Wessex Queen Consort Scotland ).

On 05 Aug 1223 Hugh Despencer was born to Hugh Despencer (age 26) at Loughborough.

Around 1467 William Stanley was born to William Stanley (age 32) and Elizabeth Hopton Countess of Worcester (age 40). The date based on the marriage of his father William Stanley and mother Elizabeth Hopton Countess of Worcester which must have taken place after 05 Aug 1666 when his first wife Joan Beaumont Baroness Lovel died?

In or after 1467 Jane Marie Stanley was born to William Stanley (age 32) and Elizabeth Hopton Countess of Worcester (age 40). The date based on the marriage of her father William Stanley and mother Elizabeth Hopton Countess of Worcester which must have taken place after 05 Aug 1666 when his first wife Joan Beaumont Baroness Lovel died?

On 05 Aug 1645 Charles Schomberg 2nd Duke Schomberg was born to Frederick Schomberg 1st Duke Schomberg (age 29).

On 05 Aug 1668 Philippe Charles Bourbon was born to Louis "Sun King" XIV King France (age 29) and Maria Theresa of Spain Queen Consort France (age 29). Coefficient of inbreeding 17.28%.

On 05 Aug 1711 Elizabeth Marsham Viscountess Fokestone was born to Robert Marsham 1st Baron Romney (age 25) and Elizabeth Shovell Baroness Romney.

On 05 Aug 1726 Louise Marie Bourbon was born to Louis Bourbon Duke Orléans (age 23) and Margravine Johanna Baden Baden Duchess Orléans.

On 05 Aug 1732 Robert Fox Lane was born to George Fox Lane 1st Baron Bingley (age 35) and Harriet Benson Baroness Bingley (age 27).

On 05 Aug 1736 James Lowther 1st Earl Lonsdale was born to Robert Lowther (age 54) and Katherine Pennington.

On 05 Aug 1737 Beaumont Hotham 2nd Baron Hotham was born to Beaumont Hotham 7th Baronet (age 31).

On 05 Aug 1738 John Peyto Verney 22nd Baron Latimer 14th Baron Willoughby was born to John Verney (age 38) and Abigail Harley (age 39).

On 05 Aug 1802 Montague Cholmeley 2nd Baronet was born to Montague Cholmeley 1st Baronet (age 30) and Elizabeth Harrison Lady Cholmeley.

Around 05 Aug 1833 George Arthur Hastings Forbes 7th Earl Granard was born to George John Forbes (age 48).

On 05 Aug 1841 Frederick Johnstone 8th Baronet was born to Frederick Johnstone 7th Baronet and Louisa Elizabeth Craven.

On 05 Aug 1849 Florence Mary Cole Countess Erne was born to William Willoughby Cole 3rd Earl Enniskillen (age 42) and Jane Casamaijor Countess Enniskillen.

On 05 Aug 1853 Margaret Francis Graham Countess Verulam was born to Frederick Ulric Graham 3rd Baronet (age 33) and Jane Hermione Seymour Lady Graham (age 21). Coefficient of inbreeding 3.57%.

On 05 Aug 1864 Edward William John Manners was born to John James Robert Manners 7th Duke Rutland (age 45) and Janetta Hughan Duchess Rutland (age 27).

On 05 Aug 1899 John Bridger Shiffner 6th Baronet was born to John Shiffner 5th Baronet (age 41).

On 05 Aug 1954 David Mark Wilson was born to Charles John Wilson 3rd Baron Nunburnholme (age 50) and Alex Hockley Baroness Nunburnholme.

Marriages on the 5th August

On 05 Aug 1641 Benjamin Weston and Elizabeth Sheldon Countess Anglesey (age 33) were married.

On 05 Aug 1680 Charles Holte 3rd Baronet (age 31) and Anne Clobery Lady Holte (age 18) were married. She by marriage Lady Holte of Aston in Warwickshire.

Around 05 Aug 1706 James Drummond 2nd Duke Perth (age 32) and Jane Gordon Duchess Perth (age 15) were married. She the daughter of George Gordon 1st Duke Gordon (age 63) and Elizabeth Howard Duchess Gordon. He the son of James Drummond 1st Duke Perth (age 58) and Jean Douglas. They were second cousins.

On 05 Aug 1728 Thomas Belasyse 1st Earl Fauconberg (age 29) and Catherine Betham Countess Fauconberg were married.

On 05 Aug 1749 James Bulkeley 6th Viscount Bulkeley and Emma Bridget Rowlands Viscountess Bulkeley were married. She by marriage Viscountess Bulkeley of Cashel in Tipperary.

On 05 Aug 1819 Henry Paget 2nd Marquess Anglesey (age 22) and Eleanora Campbell were married. He the son of Henry William Paget 1st Marquess Anglesey (age 51) and Caroline Elizabeth Villiers Duchess Argyll (age 44).

On 05 Aug 1834 Charles Cockerell aka Rushout 2nd Baronet (age 25) and Cecilia Olivia Foley Lady Cockerell were married. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 05 Aug 1869 Henry Willoughby 8th Baron Middleton (age 51) and Eliza Maria Gordon Cumming Baroness Middleton were married. She by marriage Baroness Middleton.

On 05 Aug 1874 William Frederick Waldegrave 9th Earl Waldegrave (age 23) and Mary Dorothea Palmer Countess Waldegrave (age 24) were married. She by marriage Countess Waldegrave. She the daughter of Roundell Palmer 1st Earl Selborne (age 61) and Laura Waldegrave Countess Selborne (age 53). They were half first cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King James II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 05 Aug 1879 Edmund Bernard Fitzalan Howard 1st Viscount Fitzalan Derwent Derby (age 24) and Mary Caroline Bertie Viscountess Fitzalan Derwent Derby (age 19) were married. She the daughter of Montagu Arthur Bertie 7th Earl of Abingdon (age 43) and Caroline Theresa Towneley. He the son of Henry Granville Fitzalan 14th Duke of Norfolk and Augusta Mary Minna Catherine Lyons Duchess Norfolk (age 58). They were half second cousin once removed.

On 05 Aug 1896 George Kemp 1st Baron Rochdale (age 30) and Beatrice Mary Egerton Baroness Rochdale (age 24) were married. She the daughter of Francis Egerton 3rd Earl Ellesmere (age 49) and Katherine Louisa Phipps Countess Ellesmere (age 46).

On 05 Aug 1903 Colonel Frank Wigram Foley and Eva Mary FitzHardinge Milman 16th Baroness Berkeley (age 28) were married. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 05 Aug 1908 Edward Villiers 5th Earl Clarendon (age 62) and Emma Hatch (age 53) were married at the Chapel Royal, St James's Palace. She by marriage Countess Clarendon. He the son of George William Villiers 4th Earl Clarendon and Katherine Grimston Countess Clarendon.

Deaths on the 5th August

On 05 Aug 641 (or 642 or 644 depending on the source) King Penda of Mercia Mercian and Welsh army defeated the Northumbrian army at the Battle of Maserfield. The battle is believed to have taken place at Oswestry, Shropshire. Northumbria was once again separated into two kingdoms.

King Oswald of Northumberland (age 37) was killed. His body was subsequently dismembered with his head and arms mounted on poles. His brother King Oswiu of Northumbria (age 29) succeeded King Bernicia. Rhiainfellt Rheged Queen Consort Bernicia by marriage Queen Consort Bernicia.

Osric King Deira was killed. His son King Oswine of Deira succeeded King Deira.

Eowa King Mercia was killed (probably).

On 05 Aug 882 Louis III King West Francia (age 19) died.

On 05 Aug 890 Ranulf II Duke Aquitaine (age 40) died.

On 05 Aug 1064 Gruffydd ap Llywelyn King Wales was killed. The Ulster Chronicle states that he was killed by Cynan ab Iago King Gwynedd in 1064, whose father Iago had been put to death by Gruffydd in 1039.

On 21 Aug 1148 William II Count Nevers died. Possibly 05 Aug 1089.

On 05 Aug 1157 Dirk Gerulfing VI Count Holland (age 43) died. His son Floris Gerulfing III Count Holland (age 16) succeeded III Count Holland.

On either 05 Aug 1388 or 19 Aug 1388 a Scottish army commanded by John Swinton defeated an English army commanded by Henry "Hotspur" Percy (age 24) during the Battle of Otterburn at Otterburn [Map]. Henry "Hotspur" Percy and his brother Ralph Percy (age 29) were captured as was Matthew Redman (age 60). The English suffered 1000 killed, 2000 captured. The Scottish 100 killed, 200 captured.

On the Scottish side James Douglas 2nd Earl Douglas (age 30) was killed. His sister Isabel Douglas Countess Mar (age 28) succeeded Countess Mar.

John Dunbar 1st Earl of Moray (age 46) fought.

On 05 Aug 1415 two executions of those involved in the Southampton Plot took place at the North Gate aka Bargate [Map]:

Richard of Conisbrough 1st Earl Cambridge (age 30) was beheaded. His son Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York (age 3) succeeded 2nd Earl Cambridge.

Henry Scrope 3rd Baron Scrope of Masham (age 42) was beheaded. His brother John Scrope 4th Baron Scrope of Masham (age 27) succeeded 4th Baron Scrope of Masham.

On 05 Aug 1447 John Holland 2nd Duke Exeter (age 52) died at Stepney [Map]. He was buried at the Church of St Katharine's by the Tower [Map]. His son Henry Holland 3rd Duke Exeter (age 17) succeeded 3rd Duke Exeter, 3rd Earl Huntingdon. Anne York Duchess Exeter (age 7) by marriage Duchess Exeter.

On 05 Aug 1599 Alexander Radclyffe of Ordsall Hall (age 26) died of wounds and fever in Ulster while campaigning with the Robert Devereux 2nd Earl Essex (age 33) during the unsuccessful attempt to bring Ireland under English control. The Queen (age 65) herself informed his twin sister of her brother's death.

On 05 Aug 1600. The Gowrie Conspiracy was an attempt by John Ruthven 3rd Earl Gowrie (age 23) and his brother Alexander Ruthven (age 20) to kill King James I (age 34). He, King James, had had their father William Ruthven 1st Earl Gowrie executed for his part in the Raid of Ruthven eighteen years earlier.

The attempt was botched. John Ruthven 3rd Earl Gowrie and Alexander Ruthven were killed, the former by John Ramsay 1st Earl Holderness (age 20).

William Ruthven fled to France.

Patrick Ruthven was imprisoned for nineteen years at the Tower of London [Map].

Before 05 Aug 1661 Cornelius Johnson (age 67) died.

On 05 Aug 1720 Anne Kingsmill Countess Winchelsea (age 59) died.

On 05 Aug 1734 Francis Edwardes 4th Baronet (age 35) died. His son Henry Edwardes 5th Baronet (age 6) succeeded 5th Baronet Edwardes of Shrewsbury in Shropshire.

On 05 Aug 1736 Angelica Magdalena Pellissary Viscountess St John (age 70) died.

On 05 Aug 1742 Francis Leicester 3rd Baronet (age 78) died. Baronet Leicester of Tabley in Cheshire extinct. His daughter Meriel Leicester (deceased) and her husband John Byrne aka Leicester 3rd Baronet inherited his estate worth £10,000 per annum at which time, in compliance with the will, changed their name from Byrne to Leicester,

On 05 Aug 1743 John Hervey 2nd Baron Hervey (age 46) died. His son George William Hervey 2nd Earl Bristol (age 22) succeeded 3rd Baron Hervey of Ickworth in Suffolk.

On 05 Aug 1752 Cosmo George Gordon 3rd Duke Gordon (age 32) died. His son Alexander Gordon 4th Duke Gordon (age 9) succeeded 4th Duke Gordon, 7th Marquess Huntly, 12th Earl Huntley.

On 05 Aug 1793 John Lee (age 61) died. He was buried at St Mary's Church, Staindrop [Map] where he has a monument sculpted by Joseph Nollekens (age 55).

On 05 Aug 1799 Richard Howe 1st Earl Howe (age 73) died. Earl Howe and Viscount Howe extinct. His daughter Sophia Howe 2nd Baroness Howe succeeded 2nd Baroness Howe. His brother William Howe 5th Viscount Howe (age 69) succeeded 5th Viscount Howe, 5th Baron Glenawley. Frances Conolly Viscountess Howe by marriage Viscountess Howe.

On 05 Aug 1809 George Colebrooke 2nd Baronet (age 80) died. His son James Edward Colebrooke 3rd Baronet (age 48) succeeded 3rd Baronet Colebrooke of Gatton in Surrey.

On 05 Aug 1814 Anne Moyle Baroness Manners (age 50) died.

On 05 Aug 1835 Gilbert Stuart Newton (age 39) died.

On 05 Aug 1901 Victoria Empress Germany Queen Consort Prussia (age 60) died.

On 05 Aug 1944 Major Thomas William Assheton Frankland 11th Baronet (age 41) was killed on active service. His son James Assheton Frankland 18th Baron Zouche (age 1) succeeded 12th Baronet Frankland of Thirkleby in Yorkshire.

On 05 Aug 1953 Beatrix Petty-Fitzmaurice Duchess St Albans (age 76) died.