Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Ethelred (age 34), king of the Northumbrians, was slain by his own people, on the thirteenth day before the calends of May; in consequence of which, Bishops Ceolwulf and Eadbald retired from the land. Everth took to the government of Mercia, and died the same year. Eadbert, whose other name was Pryn, obtained the kingdom of Kent; and Alderman Ethelherd died on the calends of August. In the meantime, the heathen armies spread devastation among the Northumbrians, and plundered the monastery of King Everth at the mouth of the Wear. There, however, some of their leaders were slain; and some of their ships also were shattered to pieces by the violence of the weather; many of the crew were drowned; and some, who escaped alive to the shore, were soon dispatched at the mouth of the river.

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 1061. This year went Bishop Aldred to Rome after his pall; which he received at the hands of Pope Nicholas. Earl Tosty (age 35) and his wife (age 28) also went to Rome; and the bishop and the earl met with great difficulty as they returned home. In the same year died Bishop Godwin at St. Martin's⁸⁵, on the seventh before the ides of March; and in the self-same year died Wulfric, Abbot of St. Augustine's, in the Easterweek, on the fourteenth before the calends of May. Pope Nicholas also died; and Alexander was chosen pope, who was Bishop of Lucca. When word came to the king that the Abbot Wulfric was dead, then chose he Ethelsy, a monk of the old minster, to succeed; who followed Archbishop Stigand, and was consecrated abbot at Windsor on St. Augustine's mass-day.

Note 85. Lye interprets it erroneously the "festival" of St. Martin.-"ad S. Martini festum:" whereas the expression relates to the place, not to the time of his death, which is mentioned immediately afterwards.

Archaeologia Volume 35 1853 XXXIII. On the 18th [Apr 1358], also in London, the Countess of Pembroke (age 41), the Earl of Ponthieu (age 39) (another of the captives of Poitiers), and the Maréchal D'Audenham came to dinner— "et plures comites et barones post prandium.¹".

Note 1. "and several counts and barons after dinner"

On 18 Apr 1475 Edward Stafford 2nd Earl Wiltshire (age 5) was appointed Knight of the Bath.

On 18 Apr 1475 Ralph Neville 3rd Earl of Westmoreland (age 19) was appointed Knight of the Bath.

Calendars. 18 Apr 1477. Grant to Robert, Bishop of  Bath and Wells (age 57), John, Bishop of Rochester, Westminster, and Thomas Vaghan, knight, chamberlain of the king's firstborn son Edward, prince of Wales, and their assigns, of the disposition of the deanery of the king's free chapel of St. Stephen within the palace of Westminster at its next voidance.

Holinshed's Chronicle 1540. 18 Apr 1540. The eighteenth of Aprill at Westminster was Thomas lord Cromwell created earle of Essex, and ordeined great chamberleine of England, which office the earles of Oxford were woont euer to enioie; also Gregorie his sonne was made lord Cromwell. The foure and twentith of Aprill, Thomas lord Audleie, & chancellor of England, with sir Anthonie Browne, maister of the kings horsses, were made knights of the night honourable order of the garter. On Maie daie, was a great triumph of iusting at Westminster, which iusts had beene proclaimed in France, Flanders, Scotland, and Spaine, for all commers that would, against the challengers of England; which were, sir Iohn Dudleie, sir Thomas Seimer, sir Thomas Poinings, sir George Carew knights, Anthonie Kingston, and Richard Cromwell esquiers, which said challengers came into the lists that daie richlie apparelled, and their horsses trapped all in white veluet, with certeine knights and gentlemen riding afore them, apparelled all in white veluet, and white sarsenet, and all their seruants in white dublets, and hozen cut after the Burgonion fashion: and there came to iust against them the said daie, of defendants fortie six, the earle of Surrie being the formost, lord William Howard, lord Clinton, and lord Cromwell, sonne and heire to Thomas Cromwell earle of Essex, and chamberleine of England, with other, which were richlie apparelled.

Diary of Edward VI. 18 Apr 1550. Mr. Sidney⁴ and Mr. Nevel⁵ made gentlemen of the privey chamber. Commission given to the lord Chobham deputy of Cales [Map], sir William Petre (age 45) chef secretary, and sir Jhon Mason (age 47), French secretary, to see the French king take his oth, with certein instrucion; and that sir Jhon Mason (age 47) shuld be embassadour ligier.

Commission to sir John (Maurice) Denis (age 42) and sir Wiliam Sharington (age 55) to receive the first paiment and deliver the quittannce.^1a

Note 4. Afterwards sir Henry Sidney (age 21), and K.G.

Note 5. Afterwards sir Henry Neville.

Note 1a. On the 17th of April the council had directed "letters to mr. Dennys (age 42) treasurer of Callays, that he and mr. Sharyngton (age 55) be joyned in commission for the CC m¹ French crowns to be received, of the goodness, purity, and weight as they be currant in France." On the 20th, "A letter to sir Morice Denys (age 42) and sir William Sherrington (age 55) knights, commissioners appointed for the receipt of the first payment now to be made by the Frenche, that if mons^r Gondie, master of the French king's finances, do come withall (as it is thought he doth) they shall give him in rewarde from the Kinges Majestie two thousand orownes, because he was the first motioner and procurer of this Peace. And in case it be not he, then to give the bringer of the said money such reward under the said summe of two thousand crownes as to their wisedomes shall seem convenient." (Council Book.)

Diary of Edward VI. 18 Apr 1550. Monsiur de Guyse died.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 18 Apr 1563. The sam day at after-none was cristenyd my lord mayre's (age 54) son; the godfathers wher, on [one] the yerle of Penbroke (age 62), and (unfinished)

Diary of Anne Clifford 1616. 18 Apr 1616. Upon the 18th Baskett came hither and brought me a letter from my Lord (age 27) to let me know this was the last time of asking me whether I would set my hand to this award of the Judges.

Diary of Anne Clifford 1617. 18 Apr 1617. The 18th being Good Friday I spent most of the day in hearing Kate Buchin read the Bible and a Book of the preparation to the Sacrament.

Diary of Anne Clifford 1619. 18 Apr 1619. Sunday the 18th I went to Warwick House to see my young Lady of Warwick (age 29) where I met my Lord of Warwick (age 31), Mr Charles Rich, Mr Nathaniel Rich, Lady Harriet Rich. After all the company were gone to Sermon my Lord (age 30) came in thither. This day I put on my black mourning attire and went to my Sister Beauchamp where I spake with Mrs Bathurst and told her I did both forget and forgive anything she had done against me and that I had spoken to Lady Warwick in her behalf.

Pepy's Diary. 18 Apr 1660. This morning very early came Mr. Edward Montagu (age 25) on board, but what was the business of his coming again or before without any servant and making no stay at all I cannot guess. This day Sir R. Stayner (age 35), Mr. Sheply, and as many of my Lord's people as could be spared went to Dover to get things ready against to-morrow for the election there. I all the afternoon dictating in my cabin (my own head being troubled with multiplicity of business) to Burr, who wrote for me above a dozen letters, by which I have made my mind more light and clear than I have had it yet since I came on board. At night sent a packet to London, and Mr. Cook returned hence bringing me this news, that the Sectaries do talk high what they will do, but I believe all to no purpose, but the Cavaliers are something unwise to talk so high on the other side as they do. That the Lords do meet every day at my Lord of Manchester's (age 58), and resolve to sit the first day of the Parliament. That it is evident now that the General and the Council do resolve to make way for the King's coming. And it is now clear that either the Fanatiques must now be undone, or the gentry and citizens throughout England, and clergy must fall, in spite of their militia and army, which is not at all possible I think. At night I supped with W. Howe and Mr. Luellin (being the first time that I had been so long with him) in the great cabin below. After that to bed, and W. Howe sat by my bedside, and he and I sang a psalm or two and so I to sleep.

Pepy's Diary. 18 Apr 1662. This morning Sir G. Carteret (age 52), Sir W. Batten (age 61) and I met at the office, and did conclude of our going to Portsmouth, Hampshire [Map] next week, in which my mind is at a great loss what to do with my wife, for I cannot persuade her to go to Brampton, and I am loth to leave her at, home. All the afternoon in several places to put things in order for my going. At night home and to bed.

Pepy's Diary. 18 Apr 1665. Up and to Sir Philip Warwicke (age 55), and walked with him an houre with great delight in the Parke about Sir G. Carteret's (age 55) accounts, and the endeavours that he hath made to bring Sir G. Carteret (age 55) to show his accounts and let the world see what he receives and what he pays.

Pepy's Diary. 18 Apr 1665. At noon with my wife and Mr. Moore by water to Chelsey about my Privy Seale (age 59) for Tangier, but my Lord Privy Seale (age 59) was gone abroad, and so we, without going out of the boat, forced to return, and found him not at White Hall. So I to Sir Philip Warwicke (age 55) and with him to my Lord Treasurer (age 58), who signed my commission for Tangier-Treasurer and the docquet of my Privy Seale, for the monies to be paid to me.

Pepy's Diary. 18 Apr 1666. There left her 'sans essayer alcune cose con elle¹', and so away by boat to the 'Change [Map], and took coach and to Mr. Hales (age 66), where he would have persuaded me to have had the landskipp stand in my picture, but I like it not and will have it otherwise, which I perceive he do not like so well, however is so civil as to say it shall be altered.

Note 1. 'sans essayer alcune cose con elle'. Without trying to do anything with her.

Pepy's Diary. 18 Apr 1666. [Up] and by coach with Sir W. Batten (age 65) and Sir Thos. Allen (age 54) to White Hall, and there after attending the Duke (age 32) as usual and there concluding of many things preparatory to the Prince (age 46) and Generall's going to sea on Monday next, Sir W. Batten (age 65) and Sir T. Allen (age 54) and I to Mr. Lilly's (age 47), the painter's; and there saw the heads, some finished, and all begun, of the Flaggmen in the late great fight with the Duke of Yorke (age 32) against the Dutch. The Duke of Yorke (age 32) hath them done to hang in his chamber, and very finely they are done indeed. Here is the Prince's (age 46), Sir G. Askue's (age 50), Sir Thomas Teddiman's, Sir Christopher Mings (age 40), Sir Joseph Jordan, Sir William Barkeley (age 27), Sir Thomas Allen (age 33), and Captain Harman's (age 41), as also the Duke of Albemarle's (age 57); and will be my Lord Sandwich's (age 40), Sir W. Pen's (age 44), and Sir Jeremy Smith's. Being very well satisfied with this sight, and other good pictures hanging in the house, we parted, and I left them, and [to] pass away a little time went to the printed picture seller's in the way thence to the Exchange [Map], and there did see great plenty of fine prints; but did not buy any, only a print of an old pillar in Rome made for a Navall Triumph¹, which for the antiquity of the shape of ships, I buy and keepe.

Note 1. The columna rostrata erected in the Forum to C. Duilius, who obtained a triumph for the first naval victory over the Carthaginians, B.C. 261. Part of the column was discovered in the ruins of the Forum near the Arch of Septimius, and transferred to the Capitol. B.

Evelyn's Diary. 18 Apr 1667. I went to make court to the Duke (age 74) and Duchess (age 44) of Newcastle, at their house in Clerkenwell, being newly come out of the north. They received me with great kindness, and I was much pleased with the extraordinary fanciful habit, garb, and discourse of the Duchess (age 44).

Evelyn's Diary. 18 Apr 1680. As for my Lord, he is a sober, wise, judicious, and pondering person, not illiterate beyond the rate of most noblemen in this age, very well versed in English history and affairs, industrious, frugal, methodical, and every way accomplished. His Lady (age 44) (being sister of the late Earl of Northumberland) is a wise, yet somewhat melancholy woman, setting her heart too much on the little lady, her daughter (age 6), of whom she is over fond. They have a hopeful son (age 9) at the Academy.

Evelyn's Diary. 18 Apr 1680. My Lord was not long since come from his Lord-Lieutenancy of Ireland, where he showed his abilities in administration and government, as well as prudence in considerably augmenting his estate without reproach. He had been Ambassador-extraordinary in Denmark, and, in a word, such a person as became the son of that worthy hero his father to be, the late Lord Capel, who lost his life for King Charles I.

Evelyn's Diary. 18 Apr 1680. On the earnest invitation of the Earl of Essex (age 48), I went with him to his house at Cashiobury, in Hertfordshire. It was on Sunday, but going early from his house in the square of St. James, we arrived by ten o'clock; this he thought too late to go to church, and we had prayers in his chapel. The house is new, a plain fabric, built by my friend, Mr. Hugh May (age 58). There are divers fair and good rooms, and excellent carving by Gibbons, especially the chimney-piece of the library. There is in the porch, or entrance, a painting by Verrio, of Apollo and the Liberal Arts. One room pargeted with yew, which I liked well. Some of the chimney mantels are of Irish marble, brought by my Lord from Ireland, when he was Lord-Lieutenant, and not much inferior to Italian. The tympanum, or gable, at the front is a bass-relievo of Diana hunting, cut in Portland stone, handsomely enough. I do not approve of the middle doors being round: but, when the hall is finished as designed, it being an oval with a cupola, together with the other wing, it will be a very noble palace. The library is large, and very nobly furnished, and all the books are richly bound and gilded; but there are no MSS., except the Parliament Rolls and Journals, the transcribing and binding of which cost him, as he assured me, £500.

Evelyn's Diary. 18 Apr 1680. We spent our time in the mornings in walking, or riding, and contriving [alterations], and the afternoons in the library, so as I passed my time for three or four days with much satisfaction. He was pleased in conversation to impart to me divers particulars of state, relating to the present times. He being no great friend to the D-- [Note. Probably Barbara Villiers 1st Duchess of Cleveland (age 39)] was now laid aside, his integrity and abilities being not so suitable in this conjuncture. 21st. I returned to London.

Roger Whitley's Diary. 18 Apr 1690. Friday, I received the Sacrament (being Good Friday) with daughters, sisters, &c. at Tarvyn; Monsieur Scranmore sent his gentleman to invite me to dine with him next day.

Calendars. 18 Apr 1693. Whitehall. Passes for La Liberté, a serjeant in Col. de la Melonniere's regiment, to go to Harwich and Holland; for Herman Wisseling, ditto [S.P. Dom. Warrant Book 37, p. 26]; for George Herault, ditto; for Mr. Matthias Paulson, Mr. John Philip Deleboe, Mr. Roderico Shlebusen, Mr. Lorenzo Egger, Mr. Carolo Franzen, and Mr. Henrich vander Poorten, to go to Falmouth and Spain; for Arthur O'Neille, to go to Harwich and Holland; for Thomas Farmer, ditto; for Albert Euertse, Teuntje Wyckmans, and Cornelia Venemans, ditto; for John Tessier, ditto [Ibid., p. 27]; for Captain Thomas Farrington and John Wright, ditto [Ibid., p. 28]; for Mr. Roger Lawrence, ensign in the Earl of Bath's regiment, to go to Holland [Ibid. 88, p. 266]; for Mr. Isaac Teal, to go to Harwich; and for Mr. James Howard, Mr. John Taylor, and Mr. James Heroult, to go to Holland [Ibid., p. 267].

Calendars. 18 Apr 1693. Whitehall. Report by the Victualling Commissioners to the Cabinet Council of the present state of the victualling of the fleet, with the cost of the same. [H.O. Admiralty 6, No. 18.]

Calendars. 18 Apr 1693. Whitehall. Sir John Trenchard to the Admirals of the Fleet directing them to call together a council of the flag-officers to consider a plan of attack. [H.O. Admiralty Entry Book 1, p. 8.]

Calendars. 18 Apr 1693. Whitehall. The same to the same, giving directions for the proceedings of the West India convoy—the Plymouth, York, Crown and Adventure, with two Dutch men of war. All line-of-battle ships in the river are to repair to the Downs. [Ibid., p. 4.]

Calendars. 18 Apr 1693. Whitehall. The Queen to Vice-Admiral Calenberg. The ships appointed for the West India convoy, after parting from the merchantmen, are to cruise as the Canary convoy 50 leagues to the west of Scilly till the 10th of May next. [Ibid.] |

Calendars. 18 Apr 1693. Whitehall. The States General to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Announcing that they have appointed Robert Hill their consul in Cork and on the coasts of Ireland. [S.P. Ireland 355, No. 31.]

Calendars. 18 Apr 1693. Whitehall. Viscount Sydney to the Earl of Nottingham. I received your letters of the 7th on the 14th, and immediately despatched the messenger for Galway. I told you in my last letter that Mr. Molyneux had quitted his post as commissioner of inquiry. I then recommended Capt. Corker or Mr. Foster to succeed him, for I knew no better; but since then two have offered themselves to me, Mr. Davis and Mr. Aleway. The first was clerk of the council and secretary, the other comptroller of the ordnance. I know no exception to the first, but the King was It is necessary that the post should be filled as soon as possible. Lord Galway is fully instructed in our affairs. [Ibid., No. 82.]

Calendars. 18 Apr 1693. Whitehall. Warrant to [ Viscount Sydney | to pay to Alexander Carncross, now bishop of Raphoe, the profits of the bishopric of Kilmore, vacant by the deprivation of William Sheridan, from the date of the said deprivation till the translation of the late Bishop of Raphoe to that see. [S.P. Dom. Signet Office Letter Book 12, p. 610.]

Calendars. 18 Apr 1693. Whitehall. The Earl of Nottingham to the Commissioners of the Treasury. I send you |not entered] by the Queen's command a letter from the Commissioners of the Admiralty with an account in it of Consul Blackwell's disbursements in taking care of several Hinglish seamen, that you may give the necessary orders for paying him his charges in that service. [H.O. Letter Book (Secretary's) 2, p. 642.]

Calendars. 18 Apr 1693. Whitehall. The same to Mr. Peter Fortescue. I received your letter of the 14th inst. The person you mention in it had a pass from the King which passed my office pursuant to what he alleged to you. [Ibid.]

Calendars. 18 Apr 1693. Whitehall. Proceedings upon the petition of several merchants and others, concerned in the ship Hdward, Capt. William Gifford, commander, and the ship Henry, Capt. John Hudson, commander. Shows that they have preferred several petitions for clearing the said ships now under restraint on application of the East India Company; and that the said ships were fitted out upon the encouragement and assurance they had of his Majesty's word that they should not be stopped. They conceive and are advised they are entitled to the. freedom of "that trade" (sic) by the law of the land, and they pray to have the present restraint taken off and a permit for the said ships to proceed on their intended voyage. Referred to the Attorney General. [S.P. Dom. Petition Entry Book 1, p. 472.]

Calendars. 18 Apr 1693. Whitehall. Certificate that Robert Molesworth, esq., envoy to the King of Denmark, returned from that employment on the previous 18th of March. [H.O. Warrant Book 6, p. 544.]

Calendars. 18 Apr 1693. Whitehall. Warrant addressed to the Attorney or Solicitor General to prepare a bill to grant to John, Lord Cutts, the office of captain and governor of the Isle of Wight. [Ibid., p. 545.]

On 18 Apr 1733 Francis Godolphin 2nd Earl Godolphin (age 54) was appointed Governor of the Scilly Isles.

On 18 Apr 1745 Francis Scott 2nd Duke Buccleuch (age 50) was awarded Doctor of Civil Law at Oxford University.

After 18 Apr 1765. Church of St Andrew, Wickmere [Map]. Memorial to Henry Spelman (age 46).

Henry Spelman: Around 1719 he was born to William Spelman. Something of a guess. Henry is buried in Wickmere suggesting he is descended from Henry Spelman of Wickmere whose heir William Spelman we guess was this Henry's father. On 18 Apr 1765 Henry Spelman died in Calcutta, India whilst working for the East India Company. His remains were brought to England by Peter Downes. He was buried in Church of St Andrew, Wickmere.

After 18 Apr 1790. St Giles' Church, Wrexham [Map]. Monument to Evan Morris.

Evan Morris: On 24 Aug 1889 Evan Morris was knighted by Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom on her visit to Wrexham. On 18 Apr 1890 he died.

After 18 Apr 1817. Monument to Catherine Maria Whalley nee Packe at Church of St Mary Magdalene, Ecton [Map] sculpted by John Charles Felix Rossi (age 55).

On 18 Apr 1850 William Herbert 1st Earl Pembroke was buried at St Paul's Cathedral [Map].

On 18 Apr 1975 Arthur Valerian Wellesley 8th Duke Wellington (age 59) was appointed Deputy Lieutenant Hampshire.

Time Team Series 1 Episode 1: The Guerrilla Base of the King was filmed between 16 Apr 1993 and 18 Apr 1993. It was originally shown on 16 Jan 1994.

Location: Athelney Abbey [Map].

Category: Time Team Early Medieval.

Time Team:

Tony Robinson (age 47), Presenter

Mick Aston (age 47), Bristol University Landscape Archaeologist

Gerry Barber, Bristol University Environmental Archaeologist

Phil Harding (age 43), Wessex Archaeological Trust Field Archaeologist

Carenza Lewis (age 30), Royal Commission on Historic Monuments

Robin Bush (age 50), Archivist

Victor Ambrus (age 58), Historical Illustrator

John Gator, Chris Gaffney, Geophysics

Gerry McDonnell, Archeaological Scientist.

Base: George Hotel [Map] in Wedmore.

Techniques: Field Walking, Excavations, Magnetometry, Resistivity, Soil Coring

Sources: Life of Alfred by Asser, Assers Life of Alfred 878.

Historical Figures: King Alfred "The Great" of Wessex, Guthrum Viking.

Events: Battle of Edington.

Outcomes: Plan of Athelney Abbey [Map], possible site of original Saxon church, Anglo-Saxon iron slag indicating iron working; the furthest west found at the time.

Channel 4 Episode