On this Day in History ... 28th November
28 Nov is in November.
1290 Death of Eleanor of Castile
1499 Trial and Execution of Perkin Warbreck and Edward Earl of Warwick
Events on the 28th November
Florence of Worcester. 28 Nov 1128. ... and Geoffrey, archbishop of Rouen, departed this life on the fourth of the calends of December (28th November).
On 28 Nov 1170 Owain "Great" King Gwynedd (age 70) died. His son Hywel ab Owain King Gwynedd succeeded King Gwynedd.
On 28 Nov 1231 Valdemar the Young King of Denmark (age 22) was killed whilst hunting at Refsnæs, near Kalundborg.
Archaeologia Volume 29 Section XIII. The Queen (age 49) died of a lingering disease, a slow fever. Wikes says, "modicz febris igniculo contabescensd [of fever burning with fire]." We see therefore why the more quiet situation of Harby Manor should be chosen for her rather than Clipston, where the Court and Parliament were to be held. I have not seen any positive evidence respecting the time when the Queen first took up her abode at this obscure place. The latest date at which I find the King and Queen together is late in the month of August, when a certain sum was paid to a messenger for carrying joint letters of the King and Queen from Northampton to the Earl of Gloucester. On the 18th of October 13s. 4d. was paid to Henry de Montepessulano for syrops and other medicines bought for the Queen's use at Lincoln. In that interval I conclude she was placed at Hardby, and probably about the 11th of September, when it appears the King was there.
Note d. Gale, p. 121. Wikes states that she died at Grantham. It is difficult to account for positive assertions like this in writers who are in the main deserving of credit. Langtoft says, That ilk sere pe quene died in Lyndseie. (p. 248.)
This is worth notice, as assisting to determine the ancient limits of the district called Lindsey.
Archaeologia Volume 29 Section XIII. It appears from two circumstances that the Queen's (age 49) death took place in the evening. First her anniversary was celebrated on the eve of the feast of Saint Andrew, which according to the ordinary mode of calculation would be the 29th of November; while the King's letter to the Abbot of Clugni, published in the Foedera, which is by far the most authoritative evidence for the day of her death, states that she died on the 4th of the kalends of December, which would be the 28th of Novemberf; but if the ecclesiastical day is to be reckoned from evening to evening, then the eve of Saint Andrew would include the evening of the 28th. Secondly, there are writs tested on the 28th, as if public business was transacted on the morning of that day. Then public business for a time ceased. No writs are found tested on the 29th or 30th, or on the 1st day of December.
It may be worth observing how differently the precise day of the Queen's death is stated by different writers:
Matthew of Westminster and the Annals of Dunstable, 5 kal. Dec. November 27. Thomas Wikes, 4 kal. Dec. November 28.
Walsingham and Trivet, 4 id. Dec. December 10.
Holinshed, Saint Andrew's Even.
Stowe, November 28.
Gough in the Vetusta Monumenta, November 20.
This list of diseordances may serve to shew how errors will creep in, and how vain it is to expect the highest conceivable accuracy in the multitude of minute statements of historical writers. There is a general aceuracy quite consistent with occasional slight deviations, and honest and honourable men know how to jadge of them.
Archaeologia Volume 29 Section XIII. The corpse (age 49) was opened and embalmed. The heart was reserved to be deposited, probably at her own desire, in the church of the Friars Predicants in London. What else was removed was interred in the chapel of the Blessed Virgin in the Minster at Lincoln [Map]. Writs are found tested by the King (age 51) at Lincoln on the 2nd and 3rd of December. On the 5th they are tested at Casterton, which is on the road from Grantham to Stamford; on the 9th at Northampton; on the 13th at Saint Alban's and London. It is manifest, therefore, that the funeral procession, in which the King was personally present, must have set out very soon after the death. It would seem that the body was taken from Hardby to Lincoln, and that the procession set out from Lincoln on the morning of the 4th.
On 28 Nov 1290 Eleanor of Castile Queen Consort England (age 49) died at Harby Manor. Her viscera were buried at Lincoln Cathedral [Map].
After 28 Nov 1290 Eleanor of Castile's (age 49) body was taken from Harby, Nottinghamshire [Map] to Westminster Abbey [Map]. At each of the locations at which her body rested overnight King Edward I of England (age 51) commissioned the building of an Eleanor Cross. Three remain. The best example being at Geddington, Northamptonshire [Map].
On 28 Nov 1489 George Talbot 4th Earl of Shrewsbury (age 21) was godfather Margaret Tudor Queen Scotland.
On 28 Nov 1489 Margaret Tudor Queen Scotland was born to King Henry VII of England and Ireland (age 32) and Elizabeth York Queen Consort England (age 23) at Westminster Palace [Map].
On 28 Nov 1499 Edward "Last Plantagenet" York 17th Earl Warwick (age 24) was executed at Tower Hill [Map].
Earl Warwick, Baron Montagu forfeit.
Documentation held in Spain apparently describes Catherine of Aragon's (age 13) parents Ferdinand II King Aragon (age 47) and Isabella Queen Castile (age 48) expressing concern that Edward "Last Plantagenet" York 17th Earl Warwick (age 24) was a potential claimant to throne, and being reluctant for their daughter to marry Arthur Prince of Wales (age 13) whilst there was a threat to his (age 13) accession causing King Henry VII of England and Ireland (age 42) to use Perkin Warbreck's (deceased) attempted escape with Edward "Last Plantagenet" York 17th Earl Warwick (age 24) as a means to an end.
Hall's Chronicle 1499. 28 Nov 1499. And upon his [Edward "Last Plantagenet" York 17th Earl Warwick (age 24)] confession he had his judgement, and according thereunto, the 28th day of November 1499 was brought to the scaffold on the Tower Hill, and there beheaded. The same after his death sprung abroad, the Ferdinand King of Spain would never make full conclusion of the matrimony to be had between Prince Arthur and the Lady Katheryn his daughter nor send her into England as long as this Earl lived. For he imagined that as long as any Earl of Warwick lived, that England should never be cleansed or purged of civil war and privy sedition, so much was the name of Warwick in other regions had in fear and jealousy.
On 28 Nov 1533 Henry Fitzroy 1st Duke Richmond and Somerset (age 14) and Mary Howard Duchess Richmond and Somerset (age 14) were married. She by marriage Duchess of Richmond and Somerset. Another coup for the Howard Family especially in view of Henry Fitzroy being considered by some as a possible heir in view of Anne Boleyn having given birth to a girl. She the daughter of Thomas Howard 3rd Duke of Norfolk (age 60) and Elizabeth Stafford Duchess Norfolk (age 36). He the illegitmate son of King Henry VIII of England and Ireland (age 42) and Elizabeth "Bessie" Blount Baroness Clinton and Tailboys (age 35). They were third cousins.
Archaeologia Volume 35 1853 XXXIII. On the 28th of November [1357], and two following days, the Queen entertained the Earl of Tancarville, a member of the royal family of France, and at this time in England, as one of the captives of Poitiers; and with him the Earl of Salisbury. Of this latter nobleman, William de Montacute, second Earl, it is noticeable that he too was connected with the Mortimers, being, as we have already stated, brother-in-law to the existing Earl of March2, although his father had personally acted a principal part in arresting Isabella's paramour in Nottingham Castle.
Note 1. Possibly John Melun 1st Count Tancarville although he not a member of the royal family of France?
Note 2. Roger Mortimer 2nd Earl March had married William's sister Philippa Montagu Countess March.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 28 Nov 1556. The xxviij day of November came rydyng thrugh Smythfeld and Old Balee and thrugh Fletstrett unto Somesset place my good lade Elisabeth('s) (age 23) grace the quen('s) syster, with a grett compene of velvett cottes and cheynes, her graces gentyllmen, and after a grett compene of her men all in red cottes gardyd with a brod gard of blake velvett, and cuttes; and ther her grace dyd loge at her place; ther her grace tared (blank) days till the iij day of Dessember or her grace dyd remowyffe.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 28 Nov 1558. [The xxviijth day of November the Queen (age 25) removed to the Tower from the lord North's] plasse, (which) was the Charter Howsse. [All] the stretes unto the towre of London was newe gravelled. Her grace rod thrugh Barbecan and Crepulgat [Map], by [London-wall] unto Bysshope-gate [Map], and up to Leden-halle [Map] and thrugh Gracyus strett [Map] and Fanchyrchestrett [Map]; and a-for rod gentyllmen and [many] knyghtes and lordes, and after cam all the trumpetes blohyng, and then cam all the haroldes in a-ray; and my lord of Penbroke (age 57) [bare the] the quen('s) sword; then cam here Grace (age 25) on horsbake, [apparelled] in purpull welvett with a skarpe [scarf] abowt her neke, and [the serg]anttes of armes abowt here grace; and next after rod [sir] Robart Dudley (age 26) the master of her horse; and so the gard with halbards. [And] ther was shyche shutyng of gunes as never was hard a-for; so to the towre, with all the nobulles. And so here Grace lay in the towre [Map] unto the v day of Dessember, that was sant Necolas evyn. And ther was in serten plasses chylderyn with speches and odur places, syngyng and playing with regalles.
On 28 Nov 1596 Princess Elizabeth Stewart Queen Bohemia was christened at Chapel Royal, Holyrood House, Holyrood.
Diary of Anne Clifford 1619. 28 Nov 1619. The 28th though I kept my chamber altogether yet methinks the time is not so tedious to me as when I used to be abroad.
About this time I received letters from Mr Davis by which I perceived how ill things were likely to go in Westmoreland especially with Mr Hilton and Michael Brunstall.1
Note 1. About this time of my Lord's (age 30) being at London he kept a great table having a great company of Lords and gentlemen that used to dine with him.
All this winter my Lady Margaret’s speech was very ill so as strangers cannot understand her, besides she was so apt to take cold and so out of temper that it grieved me to think of it. I verily believe all these inconveniences proceed from some distemper in her head.
The 29th of November was the last time my Lord (age 30) came to my Lady Penniston’s (age 19) at her Mother’s lodgings in the Strand. The 30th my Lord and Lady Suffolk1 came out of the Tower.
Note 1. Thomas Howard 1st Earl Suffolk (age 58) and Catherine Knyvet Countess Suffolk (age 55)
On 28 Nov 1657 Philip Prospero Habsburg Spain Prince Asturias was born to Philip IV King Spain (age 52) and Mariana of Austria Queen Consort Spain (age 22). He died four years later. Coefficient of inbreeding 25.39%.
Pepy's Diary. 28 Nov 1661. At home all the morning; at noon Will brought me from Whitehall, whither I had sent him, some letters from my Lord Sandwich (age 36), from Tangier; where he continues still, and hath done some execution upon the Turks, and retaken an Englishman from them, of one Mr. Parker's, a merchant in Marke-lane. In the afternoon Mr. Pett (age 51) and I met at the office; there being none more there than we two I saw there was not the reverence due to us observed, and so I took occasion to break up and took Mr. Gawdon along with me, and he and I (though it rained) were resolved to go, he to my Lord Treasurer's and I to the Chancellor's with a letter from my Lord to-day.
Pepy's Diary. 28 Nov 1662. A very hard frost; which is news to us after having none almost these three years. Up and to Ironmongers' Hall by ten o'clock to the funeral of Sir Richard Stayner. Here we were, all the officers of the Navy, and my Lord Sandwich (age 37), who did discourse with us about the fishery, telling us of his Majesty's resolution to give £200 to every man that will set out a Busse1; and advising about the effects of this encouragement, which will be a very great matter certainly. Here we had good rings, and by and by were to take coach; and I being got in with Mr. Creed into a four-horse coach, which they come and told us were only for the mourners, I went out, and so took this occasion to go home. Where I staid all day expecting Gosnell's coming, but there came an excuse from her that she had not heard yet from her mother, but that she will come next week, which I wish she may, since I must keep one that I may have some pleasure therein.
Pepy's Diary. 28 Nov 1663. Up and at the office sat all the morning, and at noon by Mr. Coventry's (age 35) coach to the 'Change [Map], and after a little while there where I met with Mr. Pierce, the chyrurgeon, who tells me for good newes that my Lord Sandwich (age 38) is resolved to go no more to Chelsy, and told me he believed that I had been giving my Lord some counsel, which I neither denied nor affirmed, but seemed glad with him that he went thither no more, and so I home to dinner, and thence abroad to Paul's Church Yard, and there looked upon the second part of Hudibras, which I buy not, but borrow to read, to see if it be as good as the first, which the world cry so mightily up, though it hath not a good liking in me, though I had tried by twice or three times reading to bring myself to think it witty.
Pepy's Diary. 28 Nov 1664. So to Westminster, and there to Jervas's and was a little while with Jane, and so to London by coach and to the Coffee-house, where certain news of our peace made by Captain Allen (age 52) with Argier, which is good news; and that the Dutch have sent part of their fleete round by Scotland; and resolve to pay off the rest half-pay, promising the rest in the Spring, hereby keeping their men. But how true this, I know not.
Pepy's Diary. 28 Nov 1665. Up before day, and Cocke (age 48) and I took a hackney coach appointed with four horses to take us up, and so carried us over London Bridge [Map]. But there, thinking of some business, I did 'light at the foot of the bridge, and by helpe of a candle at a stall, where some payers were at work, I wrote a letter to Mr. Hater, and never knew so great an instance of the usefulness of carrying pen and ink and wax about one: so we, the way being very bad, to Nonsuch [Map], and thence to Sir Robert Longs (age 65) house; a fine place, and dinner time ere we got thither; but we had breakfasted a little at Mr. Gawden's, he being out of towne though, and there borrowed Dr. Taylor's (age 52) sermons, and is a most excellent booke and worth my buying, where had a very good dinner, and curiously dressed, and here a couple of ladies, kinswomen of his, not handsome though, but rich, that knew me by report of The. Turner (age 13), and mighty merry we were.
Pepy's Diary. 28 Nov 1665. After dinner to talk of our business, the Act of Parliament, where in short I see Sir R. Long (age 65) mighty fierce in the great good qualities of it. But in that and many other things he was stiff in, I think without much judgement, or the judgement I expected from him, and already they have evaded the necessity of bringing people into the Exchequer with their bills to be paid there. Sir G. Carteret (age 55) is titched [fretful, tetchy] at this, yet resolves with me to make the best use we can of this Act for the King (age 35), but all our care, we think, will not render it as it should be. He did again here alone discourse with me about my Lord, and is himself strongly for my Lord's not going to sea, which I am glad to hear and did confirm him in it. He tells me too that he talked last night with the Duke of Albemarle (age 56) about my Lord Sandwich (age 40), by the by making him sensible that it is his interest to preserve his old friends, which he confessed he had reason to do, for he knows that ill offices were doing of him, and that he honoured my Lord Sandwich (age 40) with all his heart.
Evelyn's Diary. 28 Nov 1666. Went to see Clarendon House, now almost finished, a goodly pile to see, but had many defects as to the architecture, yet placed most gracefully. After this, I waited on the Lord Chancellor (age 57), who was now at Berkshire House, since the burning of London.
Pepy's Diary. 28 Nov 1666. Up, and with Sir W. Pen (age 45) to White Hall (setting his lady (age 42) and daughter (age 15) down by the way at a mercer's in the Strand, where they are going to lay out some money), where, though it blows hard and rains hard, yet the Duke of York (age 33) is gone a-hunting. We therefore lost our labour, and so back again, and by hackney coach to secure places to get things ready against dinner, and then home, and did the like there, and to my great satisfaction: and at noon comes my Lord Hinchingbrooke (age 18), Sir Thomas Crew (age 42), Mr. John Crew (age 38), Mr. Carteret (age 25), and Brisband. I had six noble dishes for them, dressed by a man-cook, and commended, as indeed they deserved, for exceeding well done. We eat with great pleasure, and I enjoyed myself in it with reflections upon the pleasures which I at best can expect, yet not to exceed this; eating in silver plates, and all things mighty rich and handsome about me. A great deal of fine discourse, sitting almost till dark at dinner, and then broke up with great pleasure, especially to myself; and they away, only Mr. Carteret and I to Gresham College, where they meet now weekly again, and here they had good discourse how this late experiment of the dog, which is in perfect good health, may be improved for good uses to men, and other pretty things, and then broke up.
Pepy's Diary. 28 Nov 1666. Here was Mr. Henry Howard (age 38), that will hereafter be Duke of Norfolke, who is admitted this day into the Society, and being a very proud man, and one that values himself upon his family, writes his name, as he do every where, Henry Howard of Norfolke.
On 28 Nov 1666 the Battle of Rullion Green between Covenanter dissidents and the Scottish government. The battle ended the Pentland Rising.
On 28 Nov 1666 Bishop George Griffith (age 65) died. Memorial at St Asaph Cathedral [Map].
Bishop George Griffith: On 30 Sep 1601 he was born. On 17 Oct 1660 Bishop George Griffith was elected Bishop of St Asaph. On 28 Oct 1660 Bishop George Griffith was consecrated Bishop of St Asaph at the King Henry VII Chapel, Westminster Abbey by Bishop Brian Duppa. It was the first consecration of bishops after the Restoration.
Pepy's Diary. 28 Nov 1667. Up, and at the office all this morning, and then home to dinner, and then by coach sent my wife to the King's playhouse, and I to White Hall, there intending, with Lord Bruncker (age 47), Sir J. Minnes (age 68), and Sir T. Harvy (age 42) to have seen the Duke of York (age 34), whom it seems the King (age 37) and Queen (age 29) have visited, and so we may now well go to see him. But there was nobody could speak with him, and so we parted, leaving a note in Mr. Wren's (age 38) chamber that we had been there, he being at the free conference of the two Houses about this great business of my Chancellor's (age 58), at which they were at this hour, three in the afternoon, and there they say my Lord Anglesey (age 53) do his part admirablyably, and each of us taking a copy of the Guinny company's defence to a petition against them to the Parliament the other day.
Pepy's Diary. 28 Nov 1667. Here I met with Sir. Richard Browne (age 65), who wondered to find me there, telling the that I am a man of so much business, which character, I thank God, I have ever got, and have for a long time had and deserved, and yet am now come to be censured in common with the office for a man of negligence.
Evelyn's Diary. 28 Nov 1679. Came over the Duke of Monmouth (age 30) from Holland unexpectedly to his Majesty (age 49); while the Duke of York (age 46) was on his journey to Scotland, whither the King (age 49) sent him to reside and govern. The bells and bonfires of the city at this arrival of the Duke of Monmouth (age 30) publishing their joy, to the no small regret of some at Court. This Duke (age 30), whom for distinction they called the Protestant Duke (though the son of an abandoned woman), the people made their idol.
Roger Whitley's Diary. 28 Nov 1690. Friday, went to Westminster, dined at home; went to the committe; then to the Crowne neare St Dunstans; there was G.Mainwaring (age 47), Streete, Whitaker, Comberbach, a stranger.
On 28 Nov 1706 Frederick William "Soldier King" I King Prussia (age 18) and Sophia Dorothea Hanover Queen Consort Prussia (age 19) were married. She the daughter of King George I of Great Britain and Ireland (age 46) and Sophia Dorothea Hanover Queen Consort England (age 40). He the son of Frederick I King Prussia (age 49) and Sophia Charlotte Hanover Queen Consort Prussia. They were first cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.
After 28 Nov 1748 Ann Sprott was buried at St Laurence's Church, Ludlow [Map]. The inscription on her monument reads ... Beneath Lyeth Ann Relict of John Price DD He was of the Antient family of the Prices of Gogerthan in Cardiganshire by the Male side by the Female of the Antient and noble Line of the Agards of Forston in Darbyshire His Grand and Her great Grandmother were two of the Coheiresses of that Family she was his Wife 42 Years He departed May 11 1722 and lies buried at Westbury in Com Salop of which he was Rector She was 2d. Daughter of Henry Sprott Esqr. of Ashmore Brook in Com Stafford by Ann sole Daughter and Heiress of Tho Lokier of the Marsh in Com Salop Gent she dyed 28 Novembr. 1748 leaving no Issue Aged 91 She was a true Daughter and exact Observer of the Orthodox Doctrine of the Church of England which her Learned Husband with the utmost industry and Zeal studied and promoted Farewell Reader and like her revere the God that Judgeth right
The arms of Price and Sprott in the first and second quarters and unknown arms in the lower two.
Ann Sprott: Around 1631 she was born to Henry Sprott of Ashmore Brook in Staffordshire and Ann Lokier. Around 1680 Reverend John Price and she were married. On 28 Nov 1748 she died.
After 28 Nov 1828 St Edburga's Church, Leigh [Map]. Memorial to Mary Russell (deceased), wife of Rector of St Edburga's, Henry Barry Domvile.
Mary Russell: Around 1785 she was born to William Russell of Powich Court and Mary Cocks. On 28 Nov 1828 she died at Torquay, Devon.
Greville Memoirs. 28 Nov 1830. There has been nothing new within these three days, but the alarm is still very great, and the general agitation which pervades men's minds unlike what I have ever seen. Reform, economy, echoed backwards and forwards, the doubts, the hopes and the fears of those who have anything to lose, the uncertainty of everybody's future condition, the immense interests at stake, the magnitude and imminence of the danger, all contribute to produce a nervous excitement, which extends to all classes—to almost every individual. Until the Ministers are re-elected nobody can tell what will be done in Parliament, and Lord Grey himself has no idea what sort of strength the Government will have in either House; but there is a prevailing opinion that they ought to be supported at this moment, although the Duke of Wellington and Peel mean to keep their party together. Lyndhurst's resignation with his colleagues (added to his not being invited to join this Government) has restored him to the good graces of his party, for Lord Bathurst (age 68) told me had behaved very honourably. He means now to set to work to gain character, and as he is about the ablest public man going, and nearly the best speaker, he will yet bustle himself into consideration and play a part once more. Peel, Lyndhurst, and Hardinge are three capital men for the foundation of a party—as men of business superior to any three in this Cabinet. But I doubt if the Duke will ever be in a civil office again, nor do I think the country would like to see him at the head of a Government, unless it was one conducted in a very different manner from the last. For the present deplorable state of things, and for the effervescence of public opinion, which threatens the overthrow of the constitution in trying to amend it, Peel and the Duke are entirely responsible; and the former is the less excusable because he might have known better, and if he had gone long ago to the Duke, and laid before him the state of public opinion, told him how irresistible it was, and had refused to carry on the Government in the House of Commons with such a crew as he had, the Duke must have given way. Notwithstanding the great measures which have distinguished his Government, such as Catholic Emancipation, and the repeal of the Test Acts, a continual series of systematic blunders, an utter ignorance of, and indifference to, public opinion, have rendered the first of these great measures almost useless. Ireland is on the point of becoming in a worse state than before the Catholic question was settled; and why? Because, first of all, the settlement was put off too long, and the fever of agitation would not subside, and because it was accompanied by an insult to O'Connell, which he has been resolved to revenge, and which he knows he can punish. Then instead of depriving him of half his influence by paying the priests, and so getting them under the influence of Government, they neglected this, and followed up the omission by taxing Ireland, and thus uniting the whole nation against us. What is this but egregious presumption, blindness, ignorance, and want of all political calculation and foresight? What remains now to be done? Perhaps nothing, for the anti-Union question is spreading far and wide with a velocity that is irresistible, and it is the more dangerous because the desire for the repeal of the Union is rather the offspring of imagination than of reason, and arises from vague, excited hopes, not, like the former agitation, from real wrongs, long and deeply felt. But common shifts and expedients, partial measures, will not do now, and in the state of the game a deep stake must be played or all will be lost. To buy O'Connell at any price, pay the Catholic Church, establish poor laws, encourage emigration, and repeal the obnoxious taxes and obnoxious laws, are the only expedients which have a chance of restoring order. It is easy to write these things, but perhaps difficult to carry them into execution, but what we want is a head to conceive and a heart to execute such measures as the enormous difficulties of the times demand.
Greville Memoirs. 28 Nov 1831. The negotiation with Wharncliffe (age 55) goes on languidly; he wrote to Lord Grey the other day, and suggested some heads as the basis of an accommodation, consisting of some extension of Schedule B, excluding town voters from county voting, and one or two other points; to which Lord Grey replied that some of the things he mentioned might be feasible, but that there would be great difficulty about others, that he feared nothing might come of their communications, as he would not hear of any other Peers who were disposed to go along with him. It is not a bad thing that they should each be impressed with a salutary apprehension, the one that he will have the same difficulties to encounter in the House of Lords, the other that nobody will follow him, for it will render an arrangement more probable than if they both thought they had only to agree together, and that the rest must follow as a matter of course. The Duke of Wellington has written again to Wharncliffe (age 55), declining altogether to be a party to any negotiation. De Ros told me that he never saw such a letter as Peel's—so stiff, dry, and reserved, just like the man in whom great talents are so counteracted, and almost made mischievous, by the effects of his cold, selfish, calculating character. In the meantime the state of the country is certainly better, the proclamation putting down the unions has been generally obeyed, the press has suspended its fury, and the approach of the meeting of Parliament seems to have calmed the country to a great degree. The event most to be desired is that the Government may carry their Bill quietly through the House of Commons, amendments be carried in the Committee of the House of Lords, and upon these there may be a compromise, though after all it is impossible not to have a secret misgiving that the alterations which appear desirable may prove to be mischievous, for it is the great evil of the measure that being certainly new no human being can guess how it will work, or how its different parts will act upon one another, and what result they will produce.
On 28 Nov 1857 Alfonso XII King Spain was born to Francisco de Asís King Consort Spain (age 35) and Isabella II Queen Spain (age 27). Coefficient of inbreeding 11.64%.
Births on the 28th November
On 28 Nov 1489 Margaret Tudor Queen Scotland was born to King Henry VII of England and Ireland (age 32) and Elizabeth York Queen Consort England (age 23) at Westminster Palace [Map].
On 28 Nov 1553 Charles Cavendish was born to William Cavendish (age 48) and Bess of Hardwick (age 26).
On 28 Nov 1586 Thomas Bowyer 1st Baronet was born to Thomas Bowyer of Leighthorne, Sussex and Jane Birch. He was baptised on 04 Dec 1586 at Church of St Stephen, North Mudham.
On 28 Nov 1599 Barbara Sidney was born to Robert Sidney 1st Earl of Leicester (age 36) and Barbara Gamage Countess Leicester (age 36).
On 28 Nov 1612 Thomas Whitmore 1st Baronet was born to William Whitmore of Apley Hall in Shropshire (age 39).
On or after 28 Nov 1621 Gilbert Eliott 1st Baronet was born to William Eliott and Elizabeth Douglas.
On 13 Oct 1622 Ralph Delaval 1st Baronet was born to Robert Delaval of Seaton Delaval (age 22) and Barbara Selby. He was baptised on 27 Oct 1622. He was educated at Queen's College, Oxford University; matriculated 15 Jun 1638. He was admitted to Lincoln's Inn on 28 Nov 1639.
On 28 Nov 1657 Philip Prospero Habsburg Spain Prince Asturias was born to Philip IV King Spain (age 52) and Mariana of Austria Queen Consort Spain (age 22). He died four years later. Coefficient of inbreeding 25.39%.
On 28 Nov 1660 Maria Anna Victoria Wittelsbach Duchess Burgundy was born to Ferdinand Maria Wittelsbach (age 24) and Henriette Adelaide Savoy.
On 28 Nov 1661 Edward Hyde 3rd Earl Clarendon was born to Henry Hyde 2nd Earl Clarendon and Theodosia Capell.
On 28 Nov 1665 Elizabeth Brabazon was born to William Brabazon 3rd Earl Meath (age 30) and Elizabeth Lennard 3rd Countess Meath (age 21).
On 28 Nov 1708 John Frederick 4th Baronet was born to Thomas Frederick (age 28).
On 28 Nov 1710 Henry Hyde was born to Henry Hyde 2nd Earl Rochester 4th Earl Clarendon (age 38) and Jane Leveson-Gower Countess Rochester and Clarendon.
On 28 Nov 1712 John Leveson-Gower was born to John Leveson-Gower 1st Earl Gower (age 18) and Evelyn Pierrepont Baroness Gower (age 21).
On 28 Nov 1728 Lewis Watson 1st Baron Sondes was born to John Monson 1st Baron Monson (age 35) and Margaret Watson (age 33).
On 28 Nov 1774 Duke Frederick IV of Saxe Coburg Altenburg was born to Duke Ernest of Saxe Coburg Altenburg (age 29) and Charlotte Saxe Meiningen Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg (age 23) at Gotha.
On 28 Nov 1774 Richard King 2nd Baronet was born to Admiral Richard King 1st Baronet (age 44) and Susanna Margaretta Coker (age 29).
On 28 Nov 1797 Charles Thomas Clifford was born to Charles Clifford Clifford 6th Baron Clifford Chudleigh (age 38) and Eleanor Mary Arundell Baroness Clifford Chudleigh (age 31). He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 1.56%.
On 28 Nov 1814 George Fowler Hastings was born to Hans Francis Hastings 12th Earl Huntingdon (age 35) and Frances Cobbe Countess Huntingdon.
On 28 Nov 1839 Augustus Legge was born to William Legge 4th Earl Dartmouth (age 54) and Frances Barrington Countess Dartmouth.
On 28 Nov 1846 William Vavasour 3rd Baronet was born to William Joseph Vavasour (age 24) and Mary Constantia Clifford.
On 28 Nov 1848 Henry James Fitzroy was born to Augustus Charles Lennox Fitzroy 7th Duke Grafton (age 27) and Anne Balfour (age 23).
On 28 Nov 1848 Sybil Mary Grey Duchess St Albans was born to Charles Grey (age 44) and Caroline Eliza Farquhar (age 34).
On 28 Nov 1848 Ida Frances Annabella Lumley Countess Bradford was born to Richard Lumley 9th Earl Scarborough (age 35) and Adeliza Drummond Countess Scarborough.
On 28 Nov 1851 Dudley Gordon Alan Duckworth-King 5th was born to George St Vincent Duckworth-King 4th Baronet (age 42) and Caroline Mary Dawson-Damer.
On 28 Nov 1851 Albert Henry George Grey 4th Earl Grey was born to Charles Grey (age 47) and Caroline Eliza Farquhar (age 37).
On 28 Nov 1857 Alfonso XII King Spain was born to Francisco de Asís King Consort Spain (age 35) and Isabella II Queen Spain (age 27). Coefficient of inbreeding 11.64%.
On 28 Nov 1873 Algernon Skeffington 12th Viscount Massereene, 5th Viscount Ferrard was born to Clotworthy Skeffington 11th Viscount Massereene, 5th Viscount Ferrard (age 31) and Florence Elizabeth Whyte-Melville Viscountess Massereene and Ferrard.
On 28 Nov 1875 Thomas Charles Musgrave was born to Richard Courtenay Musgrave 11th Baronet (age 37) and Adora Frances Olga Wells Lady Musgrave (age 26).
On 28 Nov 1888 John Everett Millais 3rd Baronet was born to Everett Millais 2nd Baronet (age 32) and Mary St Lawrence Hope-Vere (age 27).
On 28 Nov 1901 Edwina Ashley Countess Mountbatten Burma was born to Wilfred William Ashley 1st Baron Mount Temple (age 34) and Amalia Mary Maud Cassel (age 21).
On 28 Nov 1904 Nancy Mitford was born to David Freeman-Mitford 2nd Baron Redesdale (age 26) and Sydney Bowles (age 24).
On 28 Nov 1909 Francis Anthony Baring was born to Hugo Baring (age 33) and Evelyn Ashley-Cooper Baroness Magheramorne (age 44).
On 28 Nov 1931 Henry Saxon Tate 5th Baronet was born to Henry Tate 4th Baronet (age 29).
Marriages on the 28th November
On 28 Nov 1533 Henry Fitzroy 1st Duke Richmond and Somerset (age 14) and Mary Howard Duchess Richmond and Somerset (age 14) were married. She by marriage Duchess of Richmond and Somerset. Another coup for the Howard Family especially in view of Henry Fitzroy being considered by some as a possible heir in view of Anne Boleyn having given birth to a girl. She the daughter of Thomas Howard 3rd Duke of Norfolk (age 60) and Elizabeth Stafford Duchess Norfolk (age 36). He the illegitmate son of King Henry VIII of England and Ireland (age 42) and Elizabeth "Bessie" Blount Baroness Clinton and Tailboys (age 35). They were third cousins.
On 28 Nov 1545 William Courtenay 2nd Earl Devon (age 16) and Elizabeth Paulett Countess Devon were married. She the daughter of John Paulet 2nd Marquess Winchester (age 35) and Elizabeth Willoughby.
On 28 Nov 1627 Arthur Capell 1st Baron Capell Hadham (age 19) and Elizabeth Morrison Baroness Capell Hadham (age 16) were married.
Around 28 Nov 1660 Charles Gerard 4th Baron Gerard (age 26) and Jane Digby Baroness Gerard (age 23) were married. She by marriage Baroness Gerard of Gerard's Bromley.
On or after 28 Nov 1663, the date of the licence, John Bellew 1st Baron Bellew and Mary Bermingham were married.
On 28 Nov 1706 Frederick William "Soldier King" I King Prussia (age 18) and Sophia Dorothea Hanover Queen Consort Prussia (age 19) were married. She the daughter of King George I of Great Britain and Ireland (age 46) and Sophia Dorothea Hanover Queen Consort England (age 40). He the son of Frederick I King Prussia (age 49) and Sophia Charlotte Hanover Queen Consort Prussia. They were first cousins. He a great x 2 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.
On 28 Nov 1722 Charles Cornwallis 1st Earl Cornwallis (age 22) and Elizabeth Townshend Countess Cornwallis were married.
On 28 Nov 1843 Charles Gordon-Lennox 6th Duke Richmond (age 25) and Frances Harriett Greville Duchess Richmond (age 19) were married. He the son of Charles Gordon-Lennox 5th Duke Richmond (age 52) and Caroline Paget Duchess Richmond (age 47). He a great x 4 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.
On 28 Nov 1895 Edgar Clifford Arundell 14th Baron Arundel (age 35) and Ellen Elizabeth Thatcher Baroness Arundel Wardour were married.
On 28 Nov 1899 Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart 7th Marquess of Londonderry (age 21) and Edith Chaplin Marchioness Londonderry (age 20) were married. He the son of Charles Stewart Vane-Tempest-Stewart 6th Marquess Londonderry (age 47) and Theresa Susey Helen Chetwynd-Talbot Marchioness Londonderry (age 43).
Deaths on the 28th November
On 28 Nov 1170 Owain "Great" King Gwynedd (age 70) died. His son Hywel ab Owain King Gwynedd succeeded King Gwynedd.
On 28 Nov 1274 Hugh Mortimer 1st Baron Mortimer (age 84) died. His son Robert Mortimer 2nd Baron Mortimer (age 49) succeeded 2nd Baron Mortimer Burford. Joyce Zouche Baroness Mortimer (age 34) by marriage Baroness Mortimer Burford.
On 28 Nov 1290 Eleanor of Castile Queen Consort England (age 49) died at Harby Manor. Her viscera were buried at Lincoln Cathedral [Map].
On 28 Nov 1415 Piers Butler 5th Baron Dunboyne died without issue. His brother Edmond Butler 6th Baron Dunboyne succeeded 6th Baron Dunboyne.
On 28 Nov 1457 Anne Montagu Duchess Exeter (age 57) died. She was buried at Church of St Katharine's by the Tower [Map].
On 28 Nov 1499 Edward "Last Plantagenet" York 17th Earl Warwick (age 24) was executed at Tower Hill [Map].
Earl Warwick, Baron Montagu forfeit.
Documentation held in Spain apparently describes Catherine of Aragon's (age 13) parents Ferdinand II King Aragon (age 47) and Isabella Queen Castile (age 48) expressing concern that Edward "Last Plantagenet" York 17th Earl Warwick (age 24) was a potential claimant to throne, and being reluctant for their daughter to marry Arthur Prince of Wales (age 13) whilst there was a threat to his (age 13) accession causing King Henry VII of England and Ireland (age 42) to use Perkin Warbreck's (deceased) attempted escape with Edward "Last Plantagenet" York 17th Earl Warwick (age 24) as a means to an end.
Between 28 Nov 1580 and 31 Dec 1580 Margaret Kennedy Countess Cassilis (age 66) died.
On 28 Nov 1675 Basil Feilding 2nd Earl Denbigh (age 67) died. His nephew William Feilding 2nd Earl Desmond 3rd Earl Denbigh (age 34) succeeded 3rd Earl Denbigh, 3rd Viscount Feilding, 3rd Baron Feilding of Newnham Paddocks in Warwickshire, 2nd Baron St Liz.
Before 28 Nov 1689 Mary Willoughby Lady Trevelyan died. She was buried at St Mary's Church, Nettlecombe.
On 28 Nov 1724 Robert Marsham 1st Baron Romney (age 39) died. His son Robert Marsham 2nd Baron Romney (age 12) succeeded 2nd Baron Romney, 6th Baronet Marsham of Cuckston in Kent.
On 28 Nov 1728 Alexander Gordon 2nd Duke Gordon (age 50) died. His son Cosmo George Gordon 3rd Duke Gordon (age 8) succeeded 3rd Duke Gordon, 6th Marquess Huntly, 11th Earl Huntley.
On 28 Nov 1729 Richard Wenman 5th Viscount Wenman (age 41) died. His son Philip Wenman 6th Viscount Wenman (age 10) succeeded 6th Viscount Wenman of Tuam, 4th Baronet Wenman of Caswell.
On 28 Nov 1734 James Hamilton 6th Earl Abercorn (age 73) died. His son James Hamilton 7th Earl Abercorn (age 48) succeeded 7th Earl Abercorn. Anne Plumer Countess Abercorn (age 44) by marriage Countess Abercorn.
On 28 Nov 1747 Carl Leopold Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (age 69) died. His brother Christian Ludwig II Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (age 64) succeeded Duke Mecklenburg Schwerin.
On 28 Nov 1771 Henry Brydges 2nd Duke Chandos (age 63) died. His son James Brydges 3rd Duke Chandos (age 39) succeeded 3rd Duke Chandos, 3rd Marquess Carnarvon, 3rd Earl Carnarvon, 3rd Viscount Wilton, 11th Baron Chandos of Sudeley, 6th Baronet Brydges of Wilton in Herefordshire.
On 28 Nov 1779 Robert Lawley 4th Baronet died. His son Robert Lawley 5th Baronet (age 43) succeeded 5th Baronet Lawley of Spoonhill in Shropshire.
On 28 Nov 1794 James Long aka Tylney-Long 7th Baronet (age 58) died. His son James Long aka Tylney-Long 8th Baronet succeeded 8th Baronet Long of Westminster in London.
On 28 Nov 1823 Richard Philipps 1st Baron Milford (age 79) died. His fourth cousin once removed Rowland Henry Philipps 8th Baronet (age 35) succeeded 8th Baronet Philips of Picton Castle.
On 28 Nov 1826 Francis Rawdon-Hastings 1st Marquess Hastings (age 71) died. His son George Augustus Francis Rawdon-Hastings 2nd Marquess Hastings (age 18) succeeded 2nd Marquess Hastings, 3rd Earl Moira, 18th Baron Botreaux, 17th Baron Hungerford, 15th Baron Moleyns and 15th Baron Hastings. Barbara Yelverton Marchioness Hastings (age 16) by marriage Marchioness Hastings.
On 28 Nov 1858 Charlotte Layard Countess Lindsey (age 78) died.
On 28 Nov 1870 George Byron 8th Baron Byron (age 52) died. His nephew George Byron 9th Baron Byron (age 14) succeeded 9th Baron Byron of Rochdale in Lancashire.
On 28 Nov 1889 Susan Harriet Catherine Hamilton Duchess Newcastle under Lyne (age 75) died.
On 28 Nov 1893 Archibald Orr-Ewing 1st Baronet (age 75) died. His son William Orr-Ewing 2nd Baronet (age 45) succeeded 2nd Baronet Orr-Ewing of Ballikinrain in Stirlingshire and Lennoxbank in Dumbartonshire.
On 28 Nov 1894 Henry Vivian 1st Baron Swansea (age 73) died. Probate was granted to his sons Henry Hussey Vivian and Odo Richard Vivian valuing his estate at £163,707 1s 9d. He was buried at St Paul's Church, Sketty. His son Ernest Ambrose Vivian 2nd Baron Swansea (age 46) succeeded 2nd Baron Swansea of Singleton in Glamorganshire, 2nd Baronet Vivian of Singleton in Swansea in Glamorganshire.
On 28 Nov 1896 John Savile 1st Baron Savile (age 78) died. His nephew John Savile Lumley-Savile 2nd Baron Savile (age 43) succeeded 2nd Baron Savile of Rufford in Nottinghamshire.
On 28 Nov 1904 Matthew White Ridley 1st Viscount Ridley (age 62) died. His son Matthew White Ridley 2nd Viscount Ridley (age 29) succeeded 2nd Viscount Ridley of Blagdon and Blyth in Northumberland, 2nd Baron Wensleydale of Blagdon and Blyth in Northumberland, 6th Baronet Ridley of Blagdon in Northumberland. Rosamond Cornelia Gwladys Guest Viscountess Ridley by marriage Viscountess Ridley of Blagdon and Blyth in Northumberland.
On 28 Nov 1907 Jane St Maur Blanche Stanhope Marchioness Conyngham (age 74) died.
On 28 Nov 1939 Mary Camilla Macan Lady Lawson (age 74) died.
On 28 Nov 1953 Zoe Virginie Nugent (age 85) died.
On 28 Nov 1955 John Page Wood 7th Baronet (age 34) died. His son Anthony Page Wood 8th Baronet (age 4) succeeded 8th Baronet Wood of Hatherley House in Gloucestershire.
On 28 Nov 1956 John William Salusbury-Trelawny 12th Baronet (age 48) died. His son John Barry Salusbury-Trelawny 13th Baronet (age 22) succeeded 13th Baronet Salusbury-Trelawny of Trelawny in Cornwall.
On 28 Nov 1957 Osbert Guy Stanhope Crawford (age 71) died.
On 28 Nov 1961 Arthur Stanley Byng 10th Viscount Torrington (age 85) died. His grandson Timothy Byng 11th Viscount Torrington (age 18) succeeded 11th Viscount Torrington.
On 28 Nov 1984 Edward John Stanley 18th Earl of Derby (age 66) died. His nephew Hugh Stanley 19th Earl of Derby (age 22) succeeded 19th Earl Derby, 13th Baronet Stanley of Bickerstaffe.
On 28 Nov 1994 Charles James Ruthven Howard 12th Earl Carlisle (age 71) died. His son George William Beaumont Howard 13th Earl Carlisle (age 45) succeeded 13th Earl Carlisle.