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On this Day in History ... 1st August

01 Aug is in August.

30BC Death of Antony and Cleopatra

939 Battle of Trans la Foret

1100 Death of William II Accession of Henry I

1202 Battle of Mirebeau

1503 Margaret Tudor's Journey to Scotland

1549 Kett's Rebellion

1587 Burial of Mary Queen of Scots

1664 Battle of Levice

1704 Capture of Gibraltar

1714 Death of Queen Anne

1759 Battle of Minden

See Births, Marriages and Deaths.

Events on the 1st August

Cassius Dio Roman History Book 51 Chapter 15. 01 Aug 30BC. 4. Antony, having hoped, killed himself. Cleopatra, insatiable in her desires for Aphrodite (love) and wealth, driven by great ambition for honor and fame and by bold contempt, acquired the throne of Egypt through love and hoped to obtain that of Rome through it. But she failed in this, and she lost the former as well. She conquered two of the greatest Roman men for herself, but through the third, she destroyed herself.

4. ἐλπίσας αὐτὸς ἑαυτὸν ἀπέκτεινε. Κλεοπάτρα δὲ ἄπληστος μὲν Ἀφροδίτης ἄπληστος δὲ χρημάτων γενομένη, καὶ πολλῇ μὲν φιλοτιμίᾳ φιλοδόξῳ πολλῇ δὲ καὶ περιφρονήσει θρασείᾳ χρησαμένη, τήν τε βασιλείαν τὴν τῶν Αἰγυπτίων ὑπ᾽ ἔρωτος ἐκτήσατο, καὶ τὴν τῶν Ῥωμαίων λήψεσθαι δι᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐλπίσασα ταύτης τε ἐσφάλη καὶ ἐκείνην προσαπώλεσε, δύο τε ἀνδρῶν Ῥωμαίων τῶν καθ᾽ ἑαυτὴν μεγίστων κατεκράτησε, καὶ διὰ τὸν τρίτον ἑαυτὴν κατεχρήσατο.

On 01 Aug 30BC Mark Antony 83BC 30BC (age 53)stabbed himself with his sword in the mistaken belief that Cleopatra had already done so. When he found out that Cleopatra was still alive, his friends brought him to Cleopatra's monument in which she was hiding, and he died in her arms.

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 625. This year Paulinus was invested bishop of the Northumbrians, by Archbishop Justus, on the twelfth day before the calends of August.

On 01 Aug 939 Hugh Maine II Count Maine (age 19), Alan "Twisted Beard" Poher II Duke Brittany (age 39) and Judicael Berengar Penthièvre I Count Rennes defeated the Viking army at Battle of Trans la Foret in Trans-la-Foret freeing Brittany of Viking occupation and leading to the establishment of the Duchy of Brittany.

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 1017. This year King Knute (age 22) took to the whole government of England, and divided it into four parts: Wessex for himself, East-Anglia for Thurkyll, Mercia for Edric, Northumbria for Eric. This year also was Earldorman Eadric "Streona aka Acquisitive" Mercia slain at London, and Norman, son of Alderman Leofwin, and Ethelward, son of Ethelmar the Great, and Britric, son of Elfege of Devonshire. King Knute (age 22) also banished Edwy etheling, whom he afterwards ordered to be slain, and Edwy, king of the churls; and before the calends of August the king gave an order to fetch him the widow (age 32) of the other king, Ethelred, the daughter of Richard (age 53), to wife.

Charter S1011 King Edward to Westminster Abbey. 01 Aug 1045. London. King Edward to Westminster Abbey, Second Charter; confirmation of privileges. For the English translation of this charter see: Latin Original

In the name of the holy and indivisible Trinity. I, Edward, by the grace of God, King of the English, to future kings after me, bishops, abbots, earls, sheriffs, and all Christians whatsoever, greetings. Since the desire of pious will and the intention of praiseworthy devotion must always be supported by royal efforts, it is necessary to apply the care of vigilance, so that what has been ordained for the peace of religious life may not be neglected by indifference or disturbed by any presumption. Just as it was necessary to define what reason demanded, so what has been defined must not be violated. Therefore, let all present and future people know that our most faithful abbot Wlnothus and the monks of the monastery of the thrice-blessed prince of the apostles Peter, our special patron, have humbly approached our serenity, requesting that just as the ancient and glorious kings of the English, Edgar, Edward, Æthelred, Edmund, Cnut, and the others who, until our time, fortified the same Westminster of the aforementioned holy apostle against the persuasion of the wicked by the sanctions of their decrees, and had them fully confirmed by the consensus and authority of the bishops and apostolic letters at the royal request, so we, following the will of our God in all things and faithfully imitating those our predecessors in this, should add our own to that monastery, or rather confirm it with our sanction.

And because in these our days there had been a certain contention between Bishop Robert and the clergy of London and the abbot and monks of the aforementioned monastery, with the bishop and clergy wishing to usurp certain customs and provisions in the aforementioned monastery of Saint Peter against the laws and decrees mentioned above, and the abbot and monks defending against them with the authority of the privileges pronounced by the kings and apostolic letters, especially by Saint Dunstan, who had previously been bishop of London and later archbishop of Canterbury, this matter was debated and resolved before the bishops and nobles of our kingdom and in our presence. In the end, favoring justice, we lent the strength of our agreement to the definitive decision. Therefore, following the advice of our faithful and palace officials and considering it beneficial for the present and future for the church itself and those dwelling in it or pertaining to it, we decree by this page of our command that the decrees of the kings who were before us, as well as the privilege of Saint Dunstan and the privileges of the English bishops granted to the monastery of the holy and illustrious apostle Peter, be observed in perpetuity.

And so that the brothers there may be able to serve Almighty God without any disturbance or molestation from the bishop of London or his clerics, and to pray more earnestly for us and the stability of our kingdom, we entirely forbid their general access to the monastery and the holding of common sessions by them, so that a wrongful custom does not arise there at any time in the aforementioned monastery, as has been established in its privileges, and may remain inviolate in perpetuity.

However, if anyone should think against this page of our command and authority, whoever he may be, of whatever name and honor, age and power, rank and order, and should wish to infringe it in any great or small way, let him not achieve what he desires, and let him be compelled to add twelve pounds of the purest gold to the treasury of our house, and moreover, let him be held guilty of high treason and be regarded as profane by all unless he makes sufficient amendment.

Therefore, to ensure that this decree issued by us may obtain fuller authority, we have strengthened it with the sign placed beneath our hand, and we have entrusted it to our faithful present to be confirmed and further ordered it to be assigned with the seal of our image.

I, Edward, by the grace of Christ, King of the English, also with the seal of the holy cross + sign this privilege, so that if anyone violates it, may he be condemned to eternal perdition by Him who was crucified for us.

I, Ælfgyfa Imma, mother of the same king, gave my assent.

I, Eadgytha, the same king's cousin, agreed to the same royal donation.

I, Eadsinus, Archbishop of the Church of Canterbury, confirmed this donation.

I, Ælfric, Archbishop of the Church of York, strengthened this piety.

I, Ælfwin, bishop, agreed and signed.

I, Brihtwold, bishop, agreed and signed.

I, Lyving, bishop, agreed and signed.

I, Æthelstan, bishop, agreed and signed.

I, Eadnoth, bishop, agreed and signed.

I, Ægelric, bishop, agreed and signed.

I, Duduco, bishop, agreed and signed.

I, Grymcillus, bishop, agreed and signed.

I, Ælfwin, abbot, agreed and signed.

I, Æthelward, abbot, agreed and signed.

I, Siward, abbot, agreed and signed.

I, Ælfstan, abbot, agreed and signed.

I, Godwin, earl.

I, Leofric, earl.

I, Siward, earl.

I, Sweyn, earl.

I, Osgod, minister.

I, Ordgar, minister.

I, Odda, minister.

I, Ælfstan, minister.

I, Ordulf, minister.

Wulfwius, chancellor of royal dignity, read and sealed it. Given on the Kalends of August, in the fifth year of the reign of the most serene and glorious King Edward of the English, in the year of our Lord 1045, in the twelfth indiction, with the concurrence of the seventh and eighteenth epacts. Done at the royal palace in London, happily in God's name. Amen.

Life of Anselm by eadnoth. 01 Aug 1100. The next day, having departed from there and arrived in Lyon, and with the upcoming feast of Saint Peter celebrated on the Kalends of August, after we, who were constantly with Anselm, had said the morning prayers, we desired to rest. Behold, a young man of not humble attire and countenance stood by our cleric companion who lay near the door of the chamber, and though not yet sleeping, he had his eyes closed for sleep. He called him by his name, saying, 'Adam, are you sleeping?' To which he replied, 'No.' 'Do you want to hear some news?' 'Gladly,' he said. Then he, 'Truly,' he said, 'know that the entire dispute that existed between Archbishop Anselm and King William has been resolved and settled.' Upon hearing this, he became more spirited, immediately raised his head, and looking around with open eyes, saw no one.

Chronicle of English Kings Book 8 Chapter 6. 01 Aug 1100. After dinner he went into the forest, attended by few persons; of whom the most intimate with him was Walter, surnamed Tirel, who had been induced to come from France by the liberality of the king. This man alone had remained with him, while the others, employed in the chase, were dispersed as chance directed. The sun was now declining, when the king, drawing his bow and letting fly an arrow, slightly wounded a stag which passed before him; and, keenly gazing, followed it, still running, a long time with his eyes, holding up his hand to keep off the power of the sun's rays. At this instant Walter, conceiving a noble exploit, which was while the king's attention was otherwise occupied to transfix another stag which by chance came near him, unknowingly, and without power to prevent it. Oh, gracious God! pierced his breast with a fatal arrow.1 On receiving the wound, the king uttered not a word; but breaking off the shaft of the weapon where it projected from his body, fell upon the wound, by which he accelerated his death. Walter immediately ran up, but as he found him senseless and speechless, he leaped swiftly upon liis horse, and escaped by spurring him to his utmost speed. Indeed there was none to pursue him: some connived at his flight; others pitied him; and all were intent on other matters. Some began to fortify their dwellings; others to plunder; and the rest to look out for a new king. A few countrymen conveyed the body, placed on a cart, to the cathedral at Winchester; the blood dripping from it all the way. Here it was committed to the ground within the tower, attended by many of the nobility, though lamented by few.

Note 1. "The tradition of William having met his death by the hand of Sir Walter Tirel, whilst hunting in the New Forest, is generally received; but Suger [See The Deeds of Louis le Gros by Suger], a contemporary historian, and, as it seems, a friend of Tirel, in his Life of Louis le Gros, king of France, alluding to the death of Rufus, observes, "It was alleged by some that a certain nobleman, Walter Tirel, had pierced him with an arrow: whom, as he neither feared nor hoped, we have often heard solemnly swear, almost as if it were sacrosanct, that on that day he neither came to that part of the forest where the king was hunting, nor did he see him in the forest at all."2". See also Edmer, Hist, Nov. p. 54, and Ord. Vit. Hist. Eccles. lib. x. p. 783."— Hardy.

Note 2. "Imponebatur a quibusdam cuidam nobili Gualtero Tirello quod eum sagitta perfoderat: quem, cum nec timeret nec speraret, jurejurando sæpius audivimus quasi sacrosanctum asserere, quod ea die nec in eam partem silvæ, in qua rex venebatur, venerit, nec eum in silva omnino viderit."

The Deeds of Louis le Gros by Suger. 01 Aug 1100. So he [King William II of England (age 44)] crossed back into England and gave himself over lustfully to the desires of his heart. And one day while he was hotly pursuing game in the New Forest, he was struck suddenly by an untimely arrow and died.

Some people, believing their opinion to be true, judged that divine vengeance had struck the man down, for he had burdened the poor beyond endurance and had cruelly extorted from churches. Whenever bishops or prelates died, he kept their possessions for himself and squandered them, showing no respect. Several people claimed that the very noble Walter Tirel shot him with the arrow; but we have quite often heard Walter Tirel, when he had nothing to fear or gain, affirm on oath as if he were swearing on a holy relic, that he had not come into that part of the forest where the king was hunting on that day, and that he had never even seen the king in the forest! How fitting it was that the great madness of so great a man was reduced to ashes by the divine power so suddenly, and that he who needlessly ha- rassed others was even more endlessly harassed, and that he who coveted all was himself shamefully despoiled of all. Kingdoms and their laws are under the power of God, who loosens the sword belts of kings.

Florence of Worcester. 01 Aug 1141. The siege and "rout" of Winchester. Her forces having increased in power and numbers, on the approach of the feast of St. Peter ad Vincula [1st August], she went to Winchester, unknown to her brother, the earl of Bristol, but finding the place already indisposed towards her, she took up her quarters in the castle. Astonished at her unexpected arrival, and exceedingly disturbed in consequence, Henry, bishop of that city, left it by another gate, and withdrew himself then and for ever from her presence. They being now at variance, this wealthy city, so glorious for ages, and whose fame was renowned through all lands, was suddenly placed in a state of siege, kinsfolk engaging in mutual hostilities, and the inhabitants and their goods being destroyed by common and mercenary soldiers, who, breathing fury, spread themselves through it for this purpose. Nor did this alone suffice to satisfy the bishop's wrath, for goaded by rage, and to strike terror and dismay into the hearts of the people, he determined to set fire to the city and burn it to the ground; and this he did. Thus on the second of the month of August, having. fired the city, he reduced to ashes the monastery of nuns with its buildings, more than forty churches, with the largest and best part of the place, and, lastly, the monastery of monks devoted to God and St. Grimbald, with its buildings.

On 01 Aug 1202 Arthur Plantagenet 3rd Duke Brittany (age 15) was imprisoned by William de Braose 4th Baron Bramber (age 58) at Falaise Castle, Falaise, Calvados, Basse Normandie.

On 01 Aug 1202 King John "Lackland" of England (age 35) defeated the army of his nephew Arthur Plantagenet 3rd Duke Brittany (age 15) and Hugh Lusignan X Count Lusignan V Count La Marche (age 19) which was besieging John's mother Eleanor of Aquitaine Queen Consort Franks and England (age 80) at Mirebeau Castle. King John "Lackland" of England (age 35) took Arthur Plantagenet 3rd Duke Brittany 1187-1203's army by surprise capturing most. Arthur Plantagenet 3rd Duke Brittany (age 15) and, probably, his sister Eleanor "Fair Maid of Britanny" 4th Countess of Richmond (age 18), both of whom arguably had better claims to the throne than King John "Lackland" of England (age 35) were captured.

Annals of Margam. 01 Aug 1202. Rex Johannes (age 35) apud castrum Mirabel cepit Arthurum (age 15) nepotem suum in festum Sancti Petri ad vincula, et cum eo Galfridum de Lizanan1 et Hugonem de Brun2, et Andream de Chavenny, et vice-comitem de castro Haraldi3, et Reymundnm de Troarde, et Savaricum de Maulyon, et Hugonem de Banchai, et omnes alios inimicos suos Pictaviæ, qui ibi erant circiter cc. milites et plures. Ex quibus xxii. nobilissimos et strenuissimos in armis fame interfecit in castello de Corf [Map]; ita quod nec unus ex illis evasit.

King John (age 35) took his nephew Arthur (age 15) in chains at the castle of Mirabel on the feast of Saint Peter, and with Geoffrey de Lusignan1, Hugo the Brown2 and Andream de Chavenny, and Hugh III, viscount of Chastelleraud3, and Reymundnm de Troarde, and Savaricum de Maulyon, and Hugonem de Banchai, and all his other enemies of Poitou, who were around 200 soldiers and more. Of which 22 he killed the noblest and bravest men in arms by starvation in the castle of Corfe [Map]; so that not one of them escaped.

Note 1. Geoffrey de Lusignan (age 52).

Note 2. Hugh de Lusignan (age 19), surnamed le Brun, count de la Marche.

Note 3. Hugh III, viscount of Chastelleraud.

Flowers of History 1233. How the marshal was warned of treachery against him.

The earls and barons in grand knightly array proceeded to London on the 1st of August to the appointed conference, and amongst the rest was Richard earl marshal (age 42), who took up his abode with his sister (age 32), the wife of Richard the king's brother (age 24) ; she then asked him the reason of his journey, to which he replied, that he had come to attend the conference. She then said to him, "Know, my dear brother, that your enemies are plotting to take you prisoner, and they will give you up to the king and the bishop of Winchester, in order that they may serve you the same as they did the earl of Kent (age 63)." The marshal would hardly believe these words of his sister's, until she showed by evident proofs the manner of his capture, and by whom he would be taken. He then began to believe her, and when night came on he took the road, and did not draw rein till he arrived in Wales. There came to the conference the earls of Chester (age 26) and Lincoln (age 41), the earl of Ferrers, and earl Richard the king's brother (age 24), with some other earls and several barons, but nothing was done there on account of the absence of the earl marshal and Gilbert Bassett (age 45), and some other nobles who did not make their appearance ; on which the king, by the advice of Peter bishop of Winchester, and Stephen Seagrave, sent letters to all the nobles of the kingdom who owed him knight's service, inviting them to come, provided with horses and arms, to Gloucester, on Sunday before the Assumption of the blessed virgin Mary. Richard Marshal and some others however, who were confederated, refused to come at the time appointed, and the king, treating them as traitors, burnt their villages, destroyed their parks and warrens, and besieged their castles. The nobles who were confederated with one another, it was said, were the earl marshal, Gilbert Bassett (age 45) and his brothers, all distinguished soldiers, Richard Siward, a man trained to arms from his youth, Walter de Clifford, a chosen knight, and many others who joined their cause ; all of these the king, without any trial in his court by their peers, ordered to be declared banished and proscribed men, and gave their lands to his Poictevin servants, ordering their persons to be seized wherever they were found in the kingdom.

Calendars. On 01 Aug 1309 King Edward II of England (age 25). Stamford [Map]. Order to proclaim in his full county [court] and elsewhere that no merchant or other, shall, under pain of forfeiture, carry armour, corn, meat, or other victuals to the king's enemies the Scots, who have brokern the truce, or communicate with them in any way.

To all like sheriffs in England.

Froissart. And so the host lodged there that night with much pain on the hard ground and stones, always still armed. They had no stakes nor rods to tie withal their horses, nor forage, nor bush to make withal any fire. And when they were thus lodged, then the Scots caused some of their people to keep still the field, whereas they had ordained their battles; and the remnant went to their lodgings, and they made such fires that it was marvel to behold. And between the day and the night they made a marvellous great bruit, with blowing of horns all at once, that it seemed properly that all the devils of hell had been there. Thus these two hosts were lodged that night, the which was Saint Peter's night in the beginning of August the year of our Lord MCCCXXVII. And the next morning the lords of England heard mass and ranged again their battles as they had done the day before; and the Scots in like wise ordered their battles. Thus both the hosts stood still in battle till it was noon. The Scots made never semblant to come to the English host to fight with them, nor in like wise the Englishmen to them; for they could not approach together without great damage. There were divers companions a-horseback that passed the river, and some afoot, to scrimmish with the Scots, and in likewise some of the Scots brake out and scrimmished with them; so that there were divers on both parties slain, wounded and taken prisoners. And after that noon was past, the lords of England commanded every man to draw to their lodging, for they saw well the Scots would not fight with them. And in like manner thus they did three days together, and the Scots in like case kept still their mountains. Howbeit there was scrimmishing on both parties, and divers slain and prisoners taken. And every night the Scots made great fires and great bruit with shouting and blowing of horns.

Letters. 01 Aug 1394. Letter XXVI. Annabella Queen of Scotland (age 44) to King Richard II (age 27).

To the most high and mighty prince Richard, by the grace of God king of England, our very dear cousin, Annabella, by the selfsame grace queen of Scotland sends health and greeting.

We give you hearty and entire thanks for your loving letters presented to as by oar well-beloved Donglas, herald-at-arms, from which we have learned to our great pleasure and comfort your good health and estate. And, dearest cousin, as touching the marriage-treaty to be made between some nearly allied to you by blood and some children of the king my lord and of us, be pleased to know that it is agreeable to the king (age 57) my said lord and to us, as he has signified to you by these letters. And in especial, that, although the said treaty could not be held on the third day of July last past for certain and reasonable causes contained in your letters sent to the king my aforesaid lord, you consented that the treaty should in like manner take place another day, namely, the first day of October next coming, which is agreeable to the king my aforesaid lord and to us; and we thank you heartily aud with good will, and affectionately pray you that you will continue the said treaty, and have the said day kept, for it is the will of my said lord the king and of us that as far as in us lies the said day should be kept without fail. And, dearest cousin, we affectionately require and entreat you that your highness will not be displeased that we have not sooner written to you; for we were lying in childbed of a male infant named James, of whom we are now well and graciously delivered, thanks to God and our Lady. And also, because, at the coming of your letters, the king my said lord was far away in the isles of his kingdom, we did not receive these letters sent to us on this matter till the last day of July last past. Most high and puissant prince, may the Holy Ghost ever keep you! Given under our signet, at the abbey of Dumfermline [Map], the first day of August.

Calendars. 01 Aug 1462. Westminster Palace [Map]. Grant to the king's uncle William Neville (age 57), Earl of Kent and lord of Fauconberg, and the heirs male of his body of the manors and lordships of Crukerne, Misterton, Glopton, Kyngeston by Yevulchestre, Somerton Erleghy Batheneston and Shekerwike, co. Somerset, Northam, Londay, Slapton, Torrybrian, Clyfton Dertmouth Hardenesse, Norton Daunde by Dertmouth, Aylesbeare and Whympell, co. Devon, and Shevyok, Antony, Portloo, Landulp, Trelowia, Northill, Landrian, Legh Durant, Oldlawitta, Penpol, Elerky and Lanyhorn, co. Cornwall, the boroughs of Crofthull and Portpigham, co. Cornwall, the lordships and manors of Ebryngton, Yeverne Courteney, Maperton, Ramsam, Wroxhale, Childefrome, Tolre Porcorum, Pountknoll, Valet, Clevecombo, Swere, Netherkentcombe and Hasilbeare, co. Dorset, the castle and lordship of Warder, co. Wilts, the lordships and manors of Chellesfelde, Esthall, Faukehnm, Ayssh and Wylmyngtou, co. Kent, and Maunsfelde, Lyndeby and Clypston in Shirwode, co. Nottingham, tho castle and lordships of Horeston and Balsover, co. Derby, the lordships and manor's of Whitle and Warpesden alias Warpelesden, co. Surrey, the manors of Bondeby, co. Lincoln, and Westle, co. Suffolk, all manors, messuages, lands, rents and services late of Antony Nuthill of Holdernesse in the county of York, all burgages, messuages, lands, rents and services late of Thomas Tresham (age 42), knight, in the town, suburb and fields of Norhampton, the manor of Wavenden, co. Buckingham, and all other lands, rents and services in those places, with all timber and lead, late of the said Thomas Tresham (age 42) in the town of Norhampton, with advowsons, knights' fees, frandchises, liberties, hundreds, courts leet, views of frank-pledge, fairs, markets, warrens, fisheries, wreck of sea, chattels of felons and fugitives and all other profits, in the king's hands by reason of an act of Parliament at Westminster, 4 November, and all the issues of the same from the first day of the reign. And if he die without male heir of his body the king grants the said lordships and manors of Crukeme, Aylesbcare, Whympell, Torribrian, Ebryngton, Yeverne Courtenay, Shevyok, Antony, Portloo, Landulp, Trelowia, Northll, Landryan, Legh Durant, Oldlawitta, Penpoll, Elerky, Norton, Croftholl, Porpighan and Lavyhome with advowsons and knight's fees to George Neville, Bishop of  Exeter (age 30), John Markham, knight, chief Justice of the Bench, Robert Danby, knight, chief justice of the Common Bench, Thomas Witham (age 42), chancellor of the Exchequer, Thomas Cooke, citizen and alderman of London, Robert Ingleton, John Payntour and Thomas Graveson for twelve years from his death.

On 01 Aug 1503 Margaret Tudor Queen Scotland (age 13) crossed the border into Scotland at Berwick on Tweed, Northumberland [Map].

On 01 Aug 1504 Dorothea Oldenburg was born to King Frederick I of Denmark (age 32) and Anna of Brandenburg (age 16).

Letters and Papers 1528. 01 Aug 1528. Love Letters XVI. 4597. Henry VIII (age 37) to Anne Boleyn (age 27).

Writes to tell her of the great "elengenes" he finds since her departure, "for, I ensure you, me thinketh the time lenger since your departing now last than I was wont to do a whole fortnight." Could not have thought so short an absence would have so grieved him, but is comforted now he is coming towards her; "insomuch that my book maketh substantially for my matter; in token whereof I have spent above four hours this day, which caused me to write the shorter letter to you at this time by cause of some pain in my head. Wishing myself specially an evening in my sweetheart's arms, whose pretty dubbys I trust shortly to cusse.".

Calendars. 01 Aug 1531. London is the capital of the kingdom and the residence of the ambassadors and merchants; it is a very notable city situated on the Thames, a magnificent river, navigable for vessels of any burden, 60 miles from the sea, and with a very strong tide. This river is convenient for trade, embellishing the city, and rendering it cheerful, and over it is a very large stone bridge.

London contains many houses on either side of the river, and two large churches of extreme beauty, in one of which the present King's father is buried. In various parts of the city there are many palaces of divers citizens and merchants, but the larger ones and the most superb are on the river, the owners being the chief personages of the kingdom. Besides the two belonging to the King and one to the Queen, the three dukes, the two marquises, and several bishops have mansions there, each of them worth 12,000 crowns, with very delightful gardens.

The population of London is immense, and comprises many artificers. The houses are in very great number, but ugly, and half the materials of wood, nor are the streets wide. In short, I am of opinion, all things considered, that it is a very rich, populous, and mercantile city, but not beautiful.

On 01 Aug 1549 the rebels defeated a royal army led by William Parr 1st Marquess Northampton (age 37).

Diary of Edward VI. 01 Aug 1550. The lord chauncellour (age 53) fell sore sike, with 40 more of his house, so that the lady Mary (age 34) came not thither at that time.

Chronicle of Greyfriars. 31 Jul 1551 and 01 Aug 1551. Item the last day of July (and) the furst of August rydde in a cartte a tayler of Fletstret and hys syster rydde in a carte abowte London, and bothe ther heddes shavynne, for avouttre, that he had ij. childerne by harre, and the iij de day was bannyshyd the citte bothe; but he wolde have gevyne moch to a be scowsyd [excused], but it wold not be tane.

Chronicle of Queen Jane and Two Years of Queen Mary 1553. From London, 1 Aug. 1553. "Sir John Cheeke (age 39), with diveres others, whos names presently I cannot remember, be prisoners in the Towere.

On 01 Aug 1559 Archbishop Matthew Parker (age 54) was elected Archbishop of Canterbury. He was helped by his friend Nicholas Bacon Lord Keeper (age 48).

On 01 Aug 1587 Mary Queen of Scots was buried at Peterborough Cathedral [Map]. Bishop William Wickham (age 48) preached.

The Letter Books of Amias Paulet Keeper of Mary Queen of Scots Published 1874 Marys Execution. The household of the late Queen were not allowed to depart as soon as Poulet (age 54) expected. They were detained at Fotheringay [Map], from motives of policy, till the 3rd of August, when the funeral of their mistress having been at last performed, they were set free. Some of them were taken to Peterborough [Map] to accompany the corpse and to be present at the funeral ceremonies on the 1st of August. Amongst them, in the order of the procession, it is surprising to find Mary's chaplain, "Monsieur du Préau, chaplain, in a long cloak, carrying a silver cross in hand.1." The account of the funeral from which this is taken, written by one of the late Queen's household, takes care to mention that when they reached the choir of Peterborough Minster, and the choristers began "to sing in their manner in the English language2," they all, with the exception of Andrew Melville and Barbara Mowbray, left the church and walked in the cloisters till the service was finished. "If the English," he says, "and especially the King of the heralds ... were in extreme anger, the more joyful and content were the Catholics".

Poulet left for London, and as long as Mary's servants were detained at Fotheringay [Map], he seems to have retained jurisdiction over them. It was to him, therefore, that Melville and Bourgoin applied in March for leave to sell their horses and to write into France respecting the bequests made to them by the Queen of Scots; and to him that Darrell forwarded in June "the petition of the whole household and servants of the late Queen of Scotland remaining at Fotheringay," begging to be released from their prison and to be allowed to leave the country.

Note 1. Monsieur du Preau, aumosnier, en long manteau, portant une croix d'Argent en main.

Note 2. a chanter a leur fagon en langage Anglois.

Note 3. Si les Anglois," he says, "et principalement le Roy des heraux ... estoit en extreme cholere, d'autant estoient joieux et contents les Catholiques

On 01 Aug 1603 John Townshend (age 35) was killed in a duel on horseback with Matthew Browne (age 40) at Hounslow Heath [Map].

Matthew Browne (age 40) died the following day.

Diary of Anne Clifford 1616. 01 Aug 1616. Upon the 1st day came Baron Bromley and Judge Nichols to see me as they came from Carlisle and ended the matter about the hurting of my uncle’s men, and have released my folks that were bound to appear at the Assizes.

Diary of Anne Clifford 1617. 01 Aug 1617. The 1st I rode on horseback, Moll Neville, Kate Burton, and as many horses as I could get, alighted at Sir Percival Hart’s, and a Steward went to Lady Worth, whither my Lady Rich came from London to meet me.

Note 1. About this time my Lord Roos went over beyond sea, there being great discontent between him and his wife. About this time Lord Zonet went by sea into Scotland to the King and Sir John Digby set out on his long expected journey to Spain.

On 01 Aug 1632 Isabella Rich (age 39) died. Monument at St Andrew's Church, Kimbolton [Map].

Isabella Rich: John Smythe and she were married. She the daughter of Robert Rich 1st Earl Warwick and Penelope Devereux Countess Devonshire. Around 1593 she was born to Robert Rich 1st Earl Warwick and Penelope Devereux Countess Devonshire.

Evelyn's Diary. 01 Aug 1649. The next day, came to welcome me at dinner the Lord High Treasurer Cottington (age 70), Sir Edward Hyde, Chancellor (age 40), Sir Edward Nicholas, Secretary of State, Sir George Carteret, Governor of Jersey (age 39), and Dr. Earle (age 48), having now been absent from my wife (age 14) above a year and a half.

Evelyn's Diary. 01 Aug 1652. Came old Jerome Lennier, of Greenwich, a man skilled in painting and music, and another rare musician, called Mell. I went to see his collection of pictures, especially those of Julio Romano, which surely had been the King's (age 22), and an Egyptian figure, etc. There were also excellent things of Polydore, Guido, Raphael, and Tintoretto. Lennier had been a domestic of Queen Elizabeth, and showed me her head, an intaglio in a rare sardonyx, cut by a famous Italian, which he assured me was exceedingly like her.

Evelyn's Diary. 01 Aug 1655. I went to Dorking, Surrey [Map], to see Mr. Charles Howard's (age 26) amphitheater, garden, or solitary recess, being fifteen acres environed by a hill. He showed us divers rare plants, caves, and an elaboratory.

Evelyn's Diary. 01 Aug 1662. Mr. H. Howard (age 34), his brothers Charles (age 32), Edward (age 25), Bernard (age 21), Philip (age 33), now the Queen's (age 23) Almoner (all brothers of the Duke of Norfolk, still in Italy), came with a great train, and dined with me; Mr. H. Howard (age 34) leaving with me his eldest and youngest sons, Henry (age 7) and Thomas (age 5), for three or four days, my son, John (age 7), having been sometime bred up in their father's house.

Pepy's Diary. 01 Aug 1663. By and by comes Sir G. Carteret (age 53), and he and I did some business, and then Mr. Coventry (age 35) sending for me, he staying in the boat, I got myself presently ready and down to him, he and I by water to Gravesend, Kent [Map] (his man Lambert with us), and there eat a bit and so mounted, I upon one of his horses which met him there, a brave proud horse, all the way talking of businesses of the office and other matters to good purpose.

Pepy's Diary. 01 Aug 1664. Thence to my Chancellor's (age 55), and thence with Mr. Coventry (age 36), who appointed to meet me there, and with him to the Attorney General, and there with Sir Ph. Warwicke (age 54) consulted of a new commission to be had through the Broad Seale to enable us to make this contract for Tangier [Map] victualling.

Pepy's Diary. 01 Aug 1664. So to the Coffee-house, and there all the house full of the victory Generall Soushe (age 55)1 (who is a Frenchman, a soldier of fortune, commanding part of the German army) hath had against the Turke; killing 4,000 men, and taking most extraordinary spoil.

Note 1. General Soushe (age 55) was Louis Ratuit, Comte de Souches. The battle was fought at Lewenz (or Leva), in Hungary. B.

Pepy's Diary. 01 Aug 1665. Anon about five o'clock, Sir G. Carteret (age 55) and his lady (age 63) and I took coach with the greatest joy and kindnesse that could be from the two familys or that ever I saw with so much appearance, and, I believe, reality in all my life.

Pepy's Diary. 01 Aug 1665. Thence down and Mr. Brisband and I to billiards: anon come my Lord and Sir G. Carteret (age 55) in, who have been looking abroad and visiting some farms that Sir G. Carteret (age 55) hath thereabouts, and, among other things, report the greatest stories of the bigness of the calfes they find there, ready to sell to the butchers, as big, they say, as little Cowes, and that they do give them a piece of chalke to licke, which they hold makes them white in the flesh within. Very merry at dinner, and so to talk and laugh after dinner, and up and down, some to [one] place, some to another, full of content on all sides.

Pepy's Diary. 01 Aug 1665. Slept, and lay long; then up and my Lord [Crew] and Sir G. Carteret (age 55) being gone abroad, I first to see the bridegroom (age 24) and bride, and found them both up, and he gone to dress himself. Both red in the face, and well enough pleased this morning with their night's lodging.

Evelyn's Diary. 01 Aug 1666. I went to Dr. Keffler (age 71), who married the daughter of the famous chemist, Drebbell, inventor of the bodied scarlet. I went to see his iron ovens, made portable (formerly) for the Prince of Orange's (age 15) army: supped at the Rhenish Wine-House with divers Scots gentlemen.

Pepy's Diary. 01 Aug 1666. And I to Mrs. Martin's, but she abroad, so I sauntered to or again to the Abbey, and then to the parish church, fearfull of being seen to do so, and so after the parish church was ended, I to the Swan [Map] and there dined upon a rabbit, and after dinner to Mrs. Martin's, and there find Mrs. Burroughs, and by and by comes a pretty widow, one Mrs. Eastwood, and one Mrs. Fenton, a maid; and here merry kissing and looking on their breasts, and all the innocent pleasure in the world. But, Lord! to see the dissembling of this widow, how upon the singing of a certain jigg by Doll, Mrs. Martin's sister, she seemed to be sick and fainted and God knows what, because the jigg, which her husband (who died this last sickness) loved. But by and by I made her as merry as is possible, and towzed and tumbled her as I pleased, and then carried her and her sober pretty kinswoman Mrs. Fenton home to their lodgings in the new market of my Lord Treasurer's (age 59), and there left them. Mightily pleased with this afternoon's mirth, but in great pain to ride in a coach with them, for fear of being seen.

Pepy's Diary. 01 Aug 1667. At noon my wife and I dined at Sir W. Pen's (age 46), only with Mrs. Turner (age 44) and her husband (age 54), on a damned venison pasty, that stunk like a devil. However, I did not know it till dinner was done. We had nothing but only this, and a leg of mutton, and a pullet or two. Mrs. Markham was here, with her great belly. I was very merry, and after dinner, upon a motion of the women, I was got to go to the play with them-the first I have seen since before the Dutch coming upon our coast, and so to the King's house, to see "The Custome of the Country". The house mighty empty-more than ever I saw it-and an ill play. After the play, we into the house, and spoke with Knipp, who went abroad with us by coach to the Neat Houses in the way to Chelsy; and there, in a box in a tree, we sat and sang, and talked and eat; my wife out of humour, as she always is, when this woman is by. So, after it was dark, we home. Set Knepp down at home, who told us the story how Nell is gone from the King's house, and is kept by my Lord Buckhurst (age 24).

Calendars. Oct 1667. 102. Proposals by Sir Thomas Strickland (age 45) to the Navy Comrs., to build three third-rate frigates in Foudray Pill, to be completed by 1 Aug. 1671, upon a similar contract to that of Mr. Baylie, of Bristol. [Adm. Paper.] Enclosing,.

102. i. Edward Tyldesley to Sam. Pepys (age 34). Robt. Withers (age 49) and the writer have viewed Foudray Pill, where they proposed to build ships for the King's service. Sends a draft sketch thereof, leaving the rest of the business to be transacted by his partners, Sir Thomas Strickland (age 45) and Mr. Withers (age 49). Has such timber as all England cannot show. Lodge in the Forest of Meirscough, 01 Oct 1667.

102. ii. Sketch of Walney Island, the pill, bar, &c., in coloured chalks.

On 01 Aug 1671 John Coke (age 35) died. Grave slab at St Withburga's Church, Holkham [Map].

John Coke: On or before 08 Sep 1635 he was born to John Coke and Meriall Wheatley. He was baptised on 08 Sep 1835. Around 1664 Andrew Fountaine became acquainted with John Coke who he apparently saved from drowning. The pair subsequently travelled to the Continent together. Thereafter Andrew Fountaine became steward to John Coke and is reported to have extracted large sums of money from the estate. In 1694 Andrew Fountaine reached a final settlement with the Coke family over the leases given to him by John Coke; all leases and income to be surrendered by Andrew Fountaine in exchange for £10,000. A year later Andrew Fountaine purchased Narford Hall.

Evelyn's Diary. 01 Aug 1672. I was at the betrothal of Lord Arlington's (age 54) only daughter (age 4) (a sweet child if ever there was any to the Duke of Grafton (age 8), the King's (age 42) natural son by the Duchess of Cleveland (age 31); the Archbishop of Canterbury (age 74) officiating, the King (age 42) and the grandees being present. I had a favor given me by my Lady; but took no great joy at the thing for many reasons.

Evelyn's Diary. 01 Aug 1676. In the afternoon, after prayers at St. James's Chapel, was christened a daughter of Dr. Leake's (age 34), the Duke's (age 42) Chaplain: godmothers were Lady Mary (age 14), daughter of the Duke of York (age 42), and the Duchess of Monmouth (age 25): godfather, the Earl of Bath (age 47).

Roger Whitley's Diary. 01 Aug 1690. Friday, I went to Chester (the 2 militia horse with me) alighted at Jacksons; there was Warrington, his sonne (age 39), Lee, Roger Mainwaring, &c. we dined there, also Jodrell, Bellott, &c. about 3, I went to the Feathers to see Sir Luson Gore, met Edwards & Lloyd in the Rowes; then to Angells, then back to Jacksons; stayd there (with many of the same company) till neare 6; Duckenfeild, Streete, 3 or 4 of the Lees were sometimes with us & yong Roger Mainwaring & Morgan Whitley; the next barber's man trimmed me; I took coach at the Talbot, there was Morgan, Streete, & Swetnam; I came home past 7.

Evelyn's Diary. 01 Aug 1690. The Duke of Grafton (age 26) came to visit me, going to his ship at the mouth of the river, in his way to Ireland (where he was slain).

Evelyn's Diary. 01 Aug 1693. Lord Capel (age 55), Sir Cyril Wyche (age 61), and Mr. Duncomb, made Lord Justices in Ireland; Lord Sydney (age 52) recalled, and made Master of the Ordnance.

On 01 Aug 1704 Admiral George Rooke (age 54) attacked Gibraltar both by sea and by land (commanded by Prince George of Hesse Darmstadt (age 35)). After the three days of fighting the Spanish surrendered.

On 01 Aug 1759 William Middleton 5th Baronet (age 21) was severely injured at the Battle of Minden.

George Sackville aka Germain 1st Viscount Sackville (age 43) was ordered several times to advance the British cavalry to complete the victory but refused to do so since Sackville was estranged from Lord Granby (age 38), the force commander, and withheld permission for Granby to "gain glory" through an attack. For this action, he was cashiered and sent home. Sackville refused to accept responsibility for refusing to obey orders. Back in England, he demanded a court martial, and made it a large enough issue that he obtained his demand in 1760. The court found him guilty, and imposed one of the strangest and strongest verdicts ever rendered against a general officer. The court's verdict not only upheld his discharge, but ruled that he was "...unfit to serve His Majesty in any military Capacity whatever", then ordered that their verdict be read to and entered in the orderly book of every regiment in the army. The king had his name struck from the Privy Council rolls.

On 01 Aug 1759 John Waldegrave 3rd Earl Waldegrave (age 41) fought at Minden Ravensberg during the Battle of Minden: Anglo-Hanoverian Alliance.

Archaeologia Volume 15 Section XI Page 128. William Cunnington, Archaeologia, Vol. 15, p.122-26

August 1st, Heytesbury 1803.

The tumulus [Golden Barrow aka Upton Lovell 2e [Map]] opened last Thursday in Upton Lovel parish, is situated a few yards north of the river Wily. It is of a pyramidical form, the base length 58 feet by 38 feet wide [g] and 22 feet in the slope, and stands from east to west. The northside of the barrow is extremely neat, the fouth side is much mutilated. On making a section lengthways on the barrow, at about two feet deep we found in a very shallow cist, human burnt bones piled in a little heap; and at the distance of a foot a considerable quantity of ashes [h] which contained small fragments of human bones; above, and at two feet distant from the bones were found the following articles of pure gold, which are neatly wrought, and highly burnished, viz. about thirteen gold beads made in the form of a drum, having two ends to screw off and perforated in the sides; [i] 2ndly, a thin plate of the same metal 2.25 inches by 5.25 inches; this is very neatly ornamented, as you will see by the annexed drawing: [k] 3dly, a beautiful Bulla (as I conjecture) of a conical form; [l] the inside of this is a solid cone of wood, the gold -which completely covered it is very thin; at the base are two holes for a thread or wire by which it was suspended; near the above were found four articles, viz. two of each, that appeared once to have covered the ends of slaves. [m] Among the gold ornaments lay several flat pieces of amber, the eighth of an inch in thickness, and about an inch wide; there were all perforated lengthways, but were sadly broken in getting out. What is very extraordinary, there were also nearly one thousand amber beads of different sizes. Close to the pile of ashes we found a very small urn, a lance-head of brass, and a pin of the same metal. The urn is of a very extraordinary form, appearing exactly as though it had been stuck all over with small black grapes. In this barrow, contrary to the usual method of interment on the Downs, which are on or in the native soil, we found the cist nearly on the top; and this deviation was probably occasioned from the wetness of the foil, being near the river, or it might have been the manner of interring their great chieftains. From the vail quantity of beads, it might be conjectured that a female had been interred here, but it is well known that our British chiefs wore pearls, beads, etc. On some of the coins of Conobeline we fee beads or pearls on the head. We find in other respects similar method of interment to what we find in many other barrows; the small urn, lance-head of brass, brass pin, etc. are common. From the profusion of valuable ornaments, for valuable they must have been at the period of their interment, we might rationally conclude this barrow to have been the sepulchre of some great chief; in all probability a chief of the Belgic Britons.

I am. Sir,

Your most humble Servant,

William Cunnington.

A. B. Lambert , Esq. Boyton House .

Note g. The length on the top 21 fe

Note h. A circumstance very common.

Note i. See fig. 5.

Note k. You see only a part of this plate: the whole length was about six inches; the pieces broken off had holes in the corners, perhaps used as a bread plate.

Note l. See fig. 1 ; the bafe of this is neatly ornamented

Note m. See fig. 2, 3.

On 01 Aug 1821 Caroline of Brunswick Queen Consort England (age 53) died.

Ballidon Moor. On the 1st of August we examined three more tumuli, in the same neighbourhood, all of which had most unfortunately been mutilated. The first had been encroached upon by a stone quarry, and we were told that a pitcher had been found in it some years before. By removing the loose stones and earth down to the rock, we found some bits of hard Romano-British pottery, which alone had resisted the attacks of the quarry men.

The second was in the next field but one, and appears to have been nearly all removed, though, from occupying a rocky protuberance, it looked tolerably perfect. About the middle we found the humerus of a human subject, near which was a grit sharpening stone and a cow's tooth.

The third barrow in the same field was half removed, it afforded a few animal bones, part of a sharpening stone, some pieces of ancient earthenware, but no human remains.

Diary of a Dean by Merewether. 01 Aug 1849. Aug. 1st. The next day was to witness the assemblage of the neighbourhood to inspect Silbury; and this very picturesque event I have already described in the former paper. Our party occupied the morning, till the time of repairing to Silbury, in visiting the barrows lying near Beckhampton, between the Calne and Devizes roads. In some of these, very curious urns and remains had been discovered, some of which I shall describe hereafter; but most appeared to have been disturbed. One high up on the hill in the northern direction was examined, but without success. It would be an indication of ungrateful disrespect —for it could not he forgetfulness —were I to omit, though briefly, to record the employment of the evening of this day, and the route we took; albeit it were well to start somewhat earlier than we did, specially if so splendid a moon as conducted us home might not be reckoned upon. But then, as we had been very fully occupied during the day, some regard was needful to he had toward such discoveries as we might be able to make at the Archæological Hotel, calculated to recruit our exhausted strength, which being satisfactorily accomplished, we proceeded with a very docile pair of horses and driver, both desiderata in such an expedition, first to Oldbury Castle [Map], a splendid position, overlooking the rich vale of Caine, Chippenham, Christian Malford, and Malmsbury, and bearing in its entrenchments the characteristics of Roman occupation, enlarged possibly at some time on the south-west side, but very possibly having been previously a British position, and even subsequently occupied by later warriors. I possess an iron spear-head, and one of those curious circular stones with a hole in the centre, found here. Thence we cut across the down towards the Roman road, the Via Badonica leading from Cunetio [Map] to Aquæ-solis [Map], and which, on arriving at Silbury Hill, which it would otherwise have cut at one-third of its base, deflects its course. We cannot boast that any of the dii deœque minors much less Diana herself, Bivia, Trivia, or whatever she might here have been called of old, were very propitious to us; though, in truth, she made ample amende by her bright guidance, when it was subsequently so much needed. The devotees of Ceres had strangely cut up this ancient road; so that, to traverse it with its full complement was not so easy a matter, either to the wheels of our vehicle, to the poor animals who had to draw it, or, indeed, to its occupants; to say nothing of the conductor. So that we traced the ancient way on foot, and were ready, not unneeded, to replace in its vertical position our tottering and almost subverted equipage, at a spot where the descent to Calston below would have been facile enough per saltum, or per volutationem, for the road in this part runs on the very edge of the abrupt and steep precipice of the hill. After some time spent in these corrective and directive pursuits, having fairly landed the really patient driver on the turf, to seek in advance the summit of the hill, we again became viatores in the strict sense of the word, and in its cognate road, until we reached its junction with the famous Wansdyke, the high vallum of which, in most places from 30 to 40 ft. high, is here and for a considerable distance cut down to fill up the foss and form the road. From this point our explorations were by moonlight, bright as day; we had every reason to be grateful for the propitious aid; by it we traced the some what sinuous range of the Wansdyke; I marked, after thirty years' absence, a barrow almost on its bank, which I had meis manibus excavated some 7 or 8 ft. in depth, finding one solitary glass bead (N), which I still possess. The Wansdyke, ere it makes its turn to the right by Shepherd's shore, forms, without any apparent reason, two right angles; and its trench at this point is very deep, and its vallum marvellously high and steep. From hence we were reluctantly obliged, having succeeded in finding our equipage, to return towards Silbury. Some of our party (and one was a lady, precious as an Archmologist and deserving of all our consideration, as well as her excellent brother) had to return the same night to Marlborough. The plain over which we travelled possesses some earthworks worthy of inspection, especially one enclosing, with an approaching avenue to it, some curious barrows. Towards the right Wansdyke boldly ascends the downs to Tan Hill; some say St. Ann's, others the Hill of Tanaris. The whole of this range is replete with exceeding interest, and Madlv should I be the conductor once more of the whole Archæological Institute amidst its varied treasures.

The London Gazette 23152. St. James's Palace, August 1, 1866. The Queen (age 47) has been pleased to appoint Lieutenant-Colonel the Honourable Charles Hugh Lindsay (age 49), M.P.,.to be one of the Grooms in Waiting in Ordinary to Her Majesty, in the room of Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Nigel Fitzhardinge Kingscote (age 36), C.B., M.P., resigned.

On 01 Aug 1869 Bishop Walter Kerr Hamilton (age 60) died. Monument in Salisbury Cathedral [Map].

Bishop Walter Kerr Hamilton: On 16 Nov 1808 he was born to Archdeacon Anthony Hamilton. In 1832 Bishop Walter Kerr Hamilton was elected to a Fellowship of Merton College, Oxford University. In 1833 he was appointed Deacon. In 1854 Bishop Walter Kerr Hamilton was elected Bishop of Salisbury.

Cansick's Monumental Inscriptions Volume 2 Highgate Cemetery. Highgate Cemetery. In Memory of Belinda (deceased), the beloved wife of Lord William Thynne (age 65), Died August 1st 1869, aged 52.

Henry Chaplin A Memoir: 2 Family and Social Life Part II. GOODWOOD, CHICHESTER, Aug. 1.—1 am so glad you got through the journey all right and are none the worse. I quite wish I were there [at Blankney] to see the flowers and my Poppet ! I didn't come down to dinner last night. What with the heat, and not being quite well I thought it better to take things easy and give myself a good rest. There is really nothing serious the matter. I have been so good that I have stayed here quietly to-day, instead of going to the races, on purpose to be fit when I come down to you, and I have just sent for some sandwiches and sherry for lunch, which may reassure you. I am in some hopes of selling my three Hermit fillies after all ; the same man who bid me £3000 for them is after them again. I have asked him £4000 which "my duty to my wife and family would not allow me to refuse, and if he has a good week I think he will take them. That will reduce my stud again to the dimensions that I don't mind, 3 animals in training.

The Times. 01 Aug 1892. The marriage of Mr. Victor Cavendish (age 24), MP, eldest son of the late Lord Edward Cavendish, and nephew and heir presumptive of tho Duke of Devonshire (age 59), to Lady Evelyn Fitzmaurice (age 21), eldest daughter of the Marquis of Lansdowne (age 47), Viceroy of India, took place on Saturday afternoon in St. Margaret's Church, Westminster [Map]. The church was tastefully decorated with flowers. A large crowd assembled outside the church long before half-past 2, the hour fixed for the ceremony, but admittance could only be obtained by those favoured with invitations or tickets. Shortly before 2 o'clock, Mr. Victor Cavendish (age 24) entered by the east door, secompanied by his brother, Mr. Richard Cavendish (age 21), who dlscharged the duties of best man, and took up his position at the chancel steps. Meanwhile the bridesmaids, eight in number, assembled inside the entrance. They were Miss Blanche Egerton (age 21), eldest daughter of the Hon. Francis (age 67) and Lady Louisa Egerton (age 57), cousin of the bridegroom; Lady Francis Spencer Churchill (age 21) eldest daughter of the Marchioness of Blandford, Lady Maud Anson (age 23), daughter of the Earl of Lichfield, Lady Katherine Scott (age 17), daughter of the Duke of Buccleuch (age 60); Lady Gladys Hamilton (age 12), daughter of the Duke of Abercorn (age 53), Miss Muriel Herbert, second cousin of the bride; Lady Dorothy Osborne (age 3), daughter of the Marquis of Carmarthen (age 29); and Miss Margery Digby, daughter of Colonel and Lady Emily Digby (age 37), cousin of the bride.

They were attired alike in dresses of white satin veiled with lisse, the bodices being arranged with fichus having small frills at the edge, and tied in large bows in front, and wore Gainsborough hats trimmed with white feathers and pale pink roses. Each carried a shower bouquet of pink roses and wore a diamond snake brooch, the Cavendish crest, a present from the bridegroom. Master Harry Strettfeild, son of Colonel and Lady Florence Streatfeild (age 32), acted as psge, and wore a costume of white velvet, and a diamond scarf-pin, the bridegroom's gift.

The bride, who arrived punctually at half-past 2, was met at the entrance by the clergy and choir, and a procession being formed, advanced up the aisle, the choristers singing "The voice that breathed o'er Eden" to a setting by Barnby. The Bishop of London, uncle of the bride-groom, performed the nuptial rite, and was assisted in the service by the Rev. John Duncan, M.A., Vicar of CaIne, Wilts, and chaplain to the Marquis of Lansdowne, the Rev. C. Gore and the Rev. H. Rounsell. The music used throughout the service was by Barnby, and included "Jlesn, lover of my soul," from the Hymnary, and "For all the Saints who from their labours rest." The bride, who, in the absence of the Viceroy, was given away by her brother, the Earl of Kerry (age 47), wore a dress of rich white satin duchesse trimmed with beautiful Brussels point lace; the skirt being plainly made, and having a very narrow trimming round the hem. Her tulle veil fell from a wreath of orange flowers and her ornaments included a diamond necklace and a pearl necklace, the gift of her father, thee diamond stars, given by Lady Edward Cavendish, and a fine diamond bracelet, presented to her by the Viceregal Staff in India. At the conclusion of the ceremony the bridal party proceeded to the vestry and signed the registers, the attestors being the Marchioness of Lansdowne (age 42), the Duke of Devonshire (age 59), the Duke of Abercorn (age 53), Lady Edward Cavendish, and the Dowager Maarchioness of Lansdowne, during which the organist plaved the March from St. Polycarp.

The bride, and bridegroom left the church Mendelssohn's Wedding March was played, acd the hells of St. Margaret's rang out a merry peal. The reception was held at ffampden-houlse, lent for the occasion by the Duke and Duchess of Abercorn. In the Lawrence Room was stationed Herr Wurms's White Vienna Band, and refreshments were served in the dining room, the long buffet being profusely decorated with choice white flowers admirably arranged in a number of large silver bowls. Among the company present were the Duke of Devonshire (age 59), the Duke (age 60) and Duchess (age 55) of Bucceuch, the Duke and Duchess of Abercorn, the Duchess Dowager of Abercorn, the Duchess of Leeds and the Ladies Godolphin Osborne, the Dowager Maarchioness of Lansdowne, Lady Edward Cavendish, Lady Frederick Cavendish, the Countess of Kerry, Lord Charles Fitzmaurice, Lord and Lady Edmond Fitzmaurice, the Marchioness of Salisbury and Lady Gwrendolen Cecil, the Marchioness of Blandford and the Ladies Spencer Churchill, the Marquis of Headtort, the Dowager Marchioness of Waterford, the Marchioness of Waterford, the Countess of Normanton and Lady Mary Agar, the Countess of Mayo and Lady Florence Bourke, the Earlof Ava. theEarl and Countess of Morley, and Lady Katherine Parker the Earl and Countess of Minto and the Ladies Elliot Countess Percy and the Ladies Percy, Earl Winterton Countess Spencer, the Earl and Countess of St Germans and Mliss Lascelles, the Earl of Camperdown, Viscount Cross, Viscountess Galway, Viscountess Hampden and the Hon. Miss Brand, Lord Robert Cecil, Lady Alexandra Hamilton, Lady Gladys Hamilton, Lord John Hamnilton, Lord Henry Fitzgerald, LadyHelen Feruson,Lady Li ian Yorkeand Miss Pelly, Lady Rovelstokc and the HIon. M£i5S Baring, Lady George Hamlton, Lady lantage, Lord Frederick Hamilton, the Ladies Egerton, Lord and Lady Alexander Russcll, Lady Constance Scott, Lady Harris, Lady Louisa Blagelis, Lady Beatrix Herbert and Miss Uuriel Herbert, Lady Mauriel Boyle, Lady Lyttelton, Lady Fanny Marjoribanks, Lady Olliffe and Mlliss Olliffe, Lady Abercromby, Lady Claud Hamilton, Lady William Osborne Elphinstone, the Hon. Lady Yoley, the Hon. Charles Gore, Mr. and Mrs. Childers, 1r. Chaplin, the Hon. bliss Roberts and Miss Pryde, Hon. Percy Wyndham and Miss Pamela KWyndham and the.on. MIary lVyndham, the Hon. Thomas Egerton, thec Hon. C. Anson, the Hon. Mrs. Assheton 6?urzon, the Hon. Lionel Holland, the Hon. Alexander Hood, Mlajor the Hon Montagu and M1rs. COrzon, the Hon. Mrs. Agar Ellis, Mr. and Lady Louise Loder, Lady Sybil Beauclerk, Sir James Ramsden, Sir George Baden-Powell Sir Thomas and Lady Brooks, Sir Andrew Scobie, Sir. Henry and Miss James, General Sir Hugh and Lady Gough, Sir Donald Wallace, Colonel and Lady Emily Digby, MIr. and Lady Helena Heneasge, Sir George and Lady Young, General Arthur Ellis, Ilrs. Grenfell, BMrs. Temple, Mr. Hercert, MIrs. Reginald Brett, Miss Chandos Pole, Mr. IV. H. Grenfell, Mrs. Arthur Barclay, Admiral and Mrs. F. Robinson, Mr. Leveson-Gower, Mr. G. Leveson-Gower, Mr. and Mrs. Albert Grey, Mr. Reginald Loder, Mr. Leeson, Colonel Ian and MN rs. Haamilton, Mr. James Cavendish, Mr. and Mrs. Baillie Hamilton, Mr. and Mirs. P. Ponsonby, Mrs. Francis Gore, and many others. Later in the afternoon Mr. and Lady Evelyn Cavendish left for Bowood-park, Lord Lansdowne's seat in Wiltshire, for the honeymoon. Lady Evelyn Cavendish travelled in a dress of ptle blue radzimir, trimmed with white embroidered lisse, with lar-e revers of white moire antique, and wore a large black hat.

The Queen (age 73) presented the bride with an Indian shawl, and the bridegroom with a bronze statuette of herself, with the inscription, "Presented to Victor Cavendish by Victoria, R.I., 1892." The Empress Eugenie gave the bride a ruby and diamond watch bracelet, and Princess Christian presented the bridegroom with 12 volumes of Tennyson's poems, bound in white calf. The other presents to the bride included, from the bridegroom, a superb diamond tiara, an antique chatelaine watch set in diamonds, and a sapphire and diamond bracelet; from the Marchioness of Lansdowne, a diamond necklace and a pearl necklace; the Duke and Duchess of Buecleuch, a diamond and pearl necklace; the Duke of Devonshire, a three-stringed pearl necklace the Ducchess of 'Abercorm, pair of gold links with tucquoise in centre; the Duke of Abercorn, silver and tortoiseshell box; the Dowager Duchess of Abercorn, gold and enamel filagree tulip watch, gold bracelet with motto, and four silver-gilt shell dishes; the Duke of Westminster, a necklace of brilliantts, pink topazes, beryls, and white enamel olira leaves; the MIa-quis of Lansdowne's staff diamond heart bracelet; the Duke and Duchess of St. Albans, pair of amber heart-shaped links with diamond centres; the Duke and Duchess of Bedford, diamond and carbuncle horseshoe brooch: the Dowager M1archioness of Lansdowne, diamond and sapphire thistle brooch the Earl of Mlount Edgeumbe, diamond and sapphire bangle; the Earl of Durham, diamond and sapphire brooch, the Marquis de Lavalette, ring with large pearl in centre and iamonds; La Marquise de Lavalette, diamond flowver brooch; the Earl and Countess of Powis, silver ink-stand and candlesticks; the Earl of Kerry and Lord Charles Fitzmaurice, silver tea service in case; Earl and Countess Winterton, fluted silver bowl; Countess Russell, silver fan-shaped box; the Earl of Rosebery 2 pair of silver candlesticks; the MIarquis of Tullibardine, pair of tortoiseshell and silver opera-glasses the Countess of Lichfield, pair of carved rosewood book shelves; the Countess of Kerry, pair of silver candlesticks; the Marquis of Hamilton, two silver pepper-boxes in case; the Duke of Athole, silver and tortoiseshell inkstand and tray with letter clip; Countess Granville, fitted luncheon basket;fhe MIarquis of Bath, tortoiseshell and silver photo frame Earl and Countess Fitzwilliam, silver-gilt box; the Dowager Marchioness of Waterford, leather dressing-case with silver-gilt fittings; the Earl and Countess of Ilchester, painted lace fan; the Earl of Dalkeith. lace fanD; tnc Eiarl of Northbrook, act of enamelled trays; the Marchioness of Headfort, six fruit knives with malachite handles; the Earl of Ava, crystal seal with diamond-beaded snake entwined; Countess Spencer, pair of large Mintonvases; the MIarchioness ot Blandfora, a framed engraving; Louise, Duchess of Manchester, carriage-basket with clock, &c. the Countess of Minto, Louis XVI. clock; Earl and Coun tess of Wharneliffe, large copper jardiniere on iron stand; Earl and Countess Cowrper, Louis XV clock,; Lord Wolverton silver and copper card-case and memo-book; Lord and Lady Strathrnore. heart-shaped mirror in silver frame; Lord aBnd Lady P.oay, silver trinket tray on stand; Viscount Turnour, silver shell tray; Lady Claud AnSOn, silver tray; Lord and Lady Edmunud Fitzmaurice, pearl and diamond brooch; Viscountess Cranborne ann Lady Esther Gore, gold curb bracelet with crimson enamel heart; Lord and Lady Mount Stephen,. a sable travelling rug; Lady Edward S*vs;di'eA4d tars viacoant Valetort, diamond bracelet: l; dy Robert Cecil and Lady Anne Lambton, pair of gold and malachite links; the Ladies Churchill, silver-mounted heart-shaped tortoise-shell tray; Lady Suffolk, diamond and pearl brooch; Lord Frederick Hamilton, enamel miniature locket set with pearls; Lord Henry Scott, silver tea-caddy the Earl of Caraperdown, silver box; Lord Alington, three-fold screen; Dowager Baroness Ashburton and Mliss Digby, screen; Lord and Lady Roberts, Indian silver bowl; Lady Amnpthill,:gilt carriage clock; Baroness Leconfield, rosewood specimen table; Lord and Baroness Willoughby de Eresby, tortoiseshell and silver tea-caddy; Viscount and Viscountess Cross, hammered silver tray; Lady Abercromby, gold box with enamelled cross and pearl in centre; Lord Revelstoke Savres chin-: vase; Baroness Revelstoke, gold-mounted torto.iseshell paper knife; Lord Rowton, silver-gilt vase; Lady Wantage, Louis XV. clock; Viscount and Viscountess Newport, pair of agate trays; Lord and Lady Ernest Hamilton,two Crorwn Derby ink-pots and tua7; Earl and Countes5 oEf Morley, pair of silver-gilt mounted claret jugs; Lady Beatrice Fitzmaurice, chased silver teapot; Baroness Carrington, silver hot-milk jug-; archioness of Carmarthen, ostrich feather fan; Mrs. 3ontefiore, inlaid cabinet table vith marble top; Hon C Lambton, small silver dish; Mrs. Temple, sil-er bell; Mr Thomas Baring, gold necklace with onys Dendant set. in diamonds; 3r. John Baring, gold curb bracelet with moonstone heart surmonnted with rubies and diamonds; Hon. Miss Baring, diamond and enamel heart brooch; Mrs. Sackville West, gold ball hatpin set with diamonds. Mrs. Grace, silver inkstand and tray; Sir Tatton and Lady Sykes,massive silver-framed:mirror.; Sir Alerander Iackenzie, gold safety-pin brooch set with pearls and diamonds; Captain and Mrs. Cecil Cavendish, silver-mounted pin-cushion; Hon. Mrs Wyndharn, silver buckle Mrr and Lady Fanny hlarioribanks, piece of Indian plate; Mr. and hMrs. W. Grenfell, copper and brass standard lamp; General Brackenbury, large silver-mounted:scent bottle, Mr. and Lady Louise Loder, silver inkstand and tray; MIr. Cyril Flower, large Venetian glass bowl hlr. and Irs. Childers, Dresden china tdte-&-tetc tea service Lord Lansdowne's WViltshire tenants, diamond bracelet. The bridegroom's presents included --From the Duchess of Westminster, tortoiseshell blotting case inlaid with gold; the Marquis and Marchioness of Lansdowne, sl1ver salver; the Marquis of Blandford, silver-gilt card case; the Earl of Chesterfield, silver flask; Mr. R. Cavendish, Eervice of plate in walnut case; the Dowager Marchioness of Lansdowne, large diamond scarf-pin; the Dowrager Duchess of Abercorn, silver cofee pot; the Duke and Duchess of Leeds, gold and bloodstone seal,; the Marquis and Marchioness of Stafford, tortoiseshell and silver calendar frame Lady Frederick Cavendish, 24 volumes of George Eliot's works; the Countess of Bectivo, crystal and gold bos; the Marchioness of Salisbury, pair of tall silver salt cellars and spoons in case; Louise, Duchess of Manchester, silver milk jug; the Marquis of Granby, silver-mounted walking stick; Viscount 'Wolmer, silver-mounted hunting crop; Viscount and Viscountes6 Portman, half-a-dozen silver-gilt dessert spoons in a case; Earl of Arran, gold and nearl Albert chain; Lord and Lady Burton and Hon. ellie Bass, antique silver box; Baroness Taunton, pair of silver candlesticks; Lord Ampthill, massive silver-mounted inkstand; Lord and Lady Henry Bentinek, silver hot milk jug; Sir Thomas asd Baroness Brooke, pair of antique b-rass ornaments; Lord and Lady Herschell, silver-mounted blotter; Hon. W. and Mrs. Cavendish, silver-mounted hock jug; Sir H. and Lady Mleysey Thompson, silver-gilt match box and tray; Hon. A. Lyttelton, silver-mounted riding whip; Hon E. Cavendish, silver grenade cigar lighter; Lord Vernon, silver.tobacco box; Lord and Baroness Chesham, gold and enamel pencil-case Lord and Baroness Penrhyn, four silver salt cellars and spoons; Viscount and Viscountess Hampden, silver coffee-pot; the Earl and Countess of St. toermans, pair of vases; the Countess of Leicester, silver and tortoiseshell scimitar paper cutter; Sir George Baden Powell, silver-mounted ebony stick; Sir Henry James, set of pearl studs; Colonel J. C. Cavendish, silver inkstand; Viscount St. Cyres, silver-mounted walking-stick; Lord and Lady Belper, silver inkstand; Ron. J. Mansfield, silver match-box; Hon. F. Leveson-Gower, two engravings; Earl Spencer, silver sandwich box and flask in casel; Mr and Lady Harriet Cavendish, a silver-mounted driving whip.

On 01 Aug 1893 Alexander I King Greece was born to Constantine I King Greece (age 24) and Sophia Hohenzollern Queen Consort Greece (age 23). He a great grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

On 01 Aug 1895 Reverend Edward Royds (deceased) was buried in the Churchyard of St Oswald's Church, Brereton [Map].

On 01 Aug 1917 Captain Louis Edwin William Egerton (age 36) was killed in action near Pilkem, France nearly two years after his brother Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur George Edward Egerton had been killed. He was buried at the Canada Farm Cemetery, CWGC Cemetery/Memorial, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. He was a Captain in the Royal Buckinghamshire Hussars attached to the X1V Corps Heavy Artillery. His Estate amounted to £7032 12s 5d, administration with will granted to his widow.

On 01 Aug 2001, Lammas Day, the Ancient Society of College Youths rang the Bells of St Oswald's Church, Brereton [Map] on the occasion of the anniversary of the Medieval Fair held on Brereton Green for three hundred years.

Births on the 1st August

Between 25 May 1334 or 01 Aug 1334 William Vavasour was born to Henry Vavasour (age 42) and Amabel Fitzhugh Baroness Vavasour (age 24).

On 01 Aug 1365 John Mowbray 1st Earl Nottingham was born to John Mowbray 4th Baron Mowbray Baron Segrave (age 25) and Elizabeth Segrave 5th Baroness Segrave Baroness Mowbray (age 26). He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward I of England.

Around 01 Aug 1372 Elizabeth Bassett Baroness Grey Codnor was born to Ralph Bassett 1st Baron Basset Sapcote (age 43).

On 01 Aug 1474 Humphrey Pole was born to John de la Pole 2nd Duke of Suffolk (age 31) and Elizabeth York Duchess Suffolk (age 30). He a great x 3 grandson of King Edward III of England.

On 01 Aug 1504 Dorothea Oldenburg was born to King Frederick I of Denmark (age 32) and Anna of Brandenburg (age 16).

On 01 Aug 1591 Lionel Tollemache 2nd Baronet was born to Lionel Tollemache 1st Baronet (age 28) and Katherine Cromwell (age 29).

On 01 Aug 1606 Roger Boyle was born to Richard Boyle 1st Earl Cork (age 39) and Catherine Fenton Countess Cork (age 21) at Youghal, Cork.

On 01 Aug 1614 Henry Drummond was born to John Drummond 2nd Earl Perth (age 26) and Jean Ker Countess Perth.

On 01 Aug 1687 Robert Furnese 2nd Baronet was born to Henry Furnese 1st Baronet (age 29) and Anne Brough.

On 01 Aug 1730 Henrietta Pelham Baroness Bergavenny was born to Thomas "Turk" Pelham (age 25).

On 01 Aug 1736 George Harcourt 2nd Earl Harcourt was born to Simon Harcourt 1st Earl Harcourt (age 22) and Rebecca Samborne Le Bass.

On 01 Aug 1740 Sarah Bradshaw 1st Baroness Waterpark was born.

On 01 Aug 1744 Anne Seymour-Conway Marchioness Drogheda was born to Francis Seymour-Conway 1st Marquess Hertford (age 26) and Isabella Fitzroy Countess Hertford (age 17). She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 01 Aug 1745 Richard Fitzwilliam 7th Viscount Fitzwilliam was born to Richard Fitzwilliam 6th Viscount Fitzwilliam (age 34) and Catherine Decker.

On 01 Aug 1759 Robert Herbert Butler 3rd Earl Lanesborough was born to Brinsley Butler 2nd Earl Lanesborough (age 31) and Jane Rochfort Countess Lanesborough (age 21).

On 01 Aug 1776 Archibald Acheson 2nd Earl Gosford was born to Arthur Acheson 1st Earl Gosford (age 31) and Millicent Pole Countess Gosford (age 26) at Market Hill

On 01 Aug 1776 Robert Nassau Sutton was born to Richard Sutton 1st Baronet (age 43) and Anne Williams Baroness Sutton.

On 01 Aug 1784 Admiral George Elliot was born to Gilbert Elliot 1st Earl Minto (age 33) and Anna-Maria Amyand Countess Minto (age 32).

On 01 Aug 1806 Edward Crofton 2nd Baron Crofton was born to Edward Crofton 3rd Baronet (age 27) and Charlotte Stewart Lady Crofton (age 29).

On 01 Aug 1821 Augusta Mary Minna Catherine Lyons Duchess Norfolk was born to Edmund Lyons 1st Baron Lyons (age 30) at Torquay, Devon.

On 01 Aug 1824 Maria Alexandrovna Hesse Darmstadt was born to Louis Hesse Darmstadt II Grand Duke (age 46) and Princess Wilhelmine Baden (age 35). Coefficient of inbreeding 7.03%.

On 01 Aug 1829 Charles Edward Cooke was born to William Bryan Cooke 8th Baronet (age 47) and Isabella Cecilia Middleton Lady Cooke. Coefficient of inbreeding 3.12%.

On 01 Aug 1833 William Victor Leopold Horatio Anson was born to Thomas William Anson 1st Earl Lichfield (age 37) and Louisa Barbara Catherine Phillips Countess Lichfield (age 33).

On 01 Aug 1852 William Reginald Duncombe was born to William Duncombe 1st Earl Feversham (age 23) and Mabel Violet Graham Countess Feversham (age 19). Coefficient of inbreeding 1.57%.

On 01 Aug 1857 Rowland Winn 2nd Baron St Oswald was born to Rowland Winn 1st Baron St Oswald (age 37) and Harriet Dumaresq Baroness St Owsald.

On 01 Aug 1862 Daniel Harry Lascelles was born to Henry Thynne Lascelles 4th Earl Harewood (age 38) and Diana Smyth Countess Harewood (age 24).

On 01 Aug 1893 Alexander I King Greece was born to Constantine I King Greece (age 24) and Sophia Hohenzollern Queen Consort Greece (age 23). He a great grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

On 01 Aug 1894 Mona Stapleton 11th Baroness Beaumont and Baroness Howard was born to Miles Stapleton 10th Baron Beaumont (age 44).

On 01 Aug 1910 Archie Primrose was born to Albert Archibald Primrose 6th Earl Rosebery 2nd Earl Midlothian (age 28) and Dorothy Grosvenor (age 19). He a great x 3 grandson of King William IV of the United Kingdom.

On 01 Aug 1913 Magdalen Mary Charlotte Fraser Countess Eldon was born to Simon Fraser 14th Lord Lovat (age 41) and Laura Lister (age 21).

On 01 Aug 1914 John Charles William Fitzroy 9th Duke Grafton was born to William Henry Alfred Fitzroy (age 30) and Auriol Margaretta Brougham.

Marriages on the 1st August

On 01 Aug 1235 Gilbert Marshal 4th Earl Pembroke (age 38) and Marjorie Dunkeld Countess Pembroke (age 35) were married at Berwick on Tweed, Northumberland [Map]. She by marriage Countess Pembroke. She the daughter of King William I of Scotland and Ermengarde Beaumont Sarthe Queen Consort Scotland. He the son of William Marshal 1st Earl Pembroke and Isabel Clare Countess Pembroke. They were half second cousin once removed. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Henry I "Beauclerc" England.

Before 01 Aug 1385 John Fitzalan Baron Maltravers 2nd Baron Arundel (age 20) and Elizabeth Despencer Baroness Zouche, Harringworth, Maltravers and Arundel were married. She by marriage Baroness Maltravers, Baroness Arundel. They were half third cousins. He a great x 3 grandson of King Henry III of England. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Edward I of England.

On 01 Aug 1548 John de Vere 16th Earl of Oxford (age 32) and Margery Golding Countess of Oxford (age 22) were married at Belchamp St Paul, Essex. She by marriage Countess of Oxford. He the son of John de Vere 15th Earl of Oxford and Elizabeth Trussell Countess of Oxford.

On 01 Aug 1615 John Tracy 2nd Viscount Tracy (age 22) and Bridget Lyttelton were married.

On 01 Aug 1644 Henry Grey 10th Earl Kent (age 49) and Amabel Benn Countess Kent (age 36) were married. She by marriage Countess Kent. He the son of Anthony Grey 1453-1490 9th Earl Kent and Magdelane Purefoy Countess Kent (age 72).

Before 01 Aug 1696 William Douglas 1st Earl March (age 26) and Jean Hay Countess March were married. She the daughter of John Hay 1st Marquess Teviotdale (age 70) and Jean Scott Marchioness Teviotdale. He the son of William Douglas 1st Duke Queensberry and Isabel Douglas Countess Queensberry. They were fourth cousins.

Around 01 Aug 1697 William Constable 4th Viscount Dunbar (age 43) and Elizabeth Clifford Viscountess Dunbar (age 8) were married. The difference in their ages was 35 years.

Around 01 Aug 1697 Robert Constable 3rd Viscount Dunbar (age 46) and Dorothy Brudenell Viscountess Dunbar (age 54) were married. She by marriage Viscountess Dunbar. She the daughter of Robert Brudenell 2nd Earl Cardigan (age 90) and Anna Savage Countess Cardigan. They were first cousins.

On 01 Aug 1754 William Anne Capell 4th Earl Essex (age 21) and Frances Hanbury Williams Countess Essex were married. She by marriage Countess Essex. He the son of William Capell 3rd Earl Essex and Elizabeth Russell Countess Essex (age 43).

On 01 Aug 1766 Thomas Broughton 6th Baronet (age 21) and Mary Wicker Lady Boughton were married. She by marriage Lady Broughton of Broughton in Staffordshire.

On 01 Aug 1767 Charles Howard 11th Duke of Norfolk (age 21) and Marion Coppinger were married. He the son of Charles Howard 10th Duke of Norfolk (age 46) and Catherine Brockholes Duchess Norfolk (age 49).

On 01 Aug 1797 Thomas Pilkington 7th Baronet (age 23) and Elizabeth Anne Tufnel Lady Pilkington were married. She by marriage Lady Pilkington of Stanley in Yorkshire.

On 01 Aug 1804 George Richard St John 4th Viscount St John 3rd Viscount Bolingbroke (age 43) and Isabella Charlotte Hompesch Baroness von Hompesch (age 28) were married at Trinity Church, Manhattan.

On 01 Aug 1825 Charles Stourton 19th Baron Stourton (age 23) and Mary Lucy Clifford Baroness Stourton (age 25) were married. She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 01 Aug 1826 George Brooke-Pechell 4th Baronet (age 37) and Katharine Anabella Bisshop Lady Brooke-Pechell (age 34) were married at Parham Park, Sussex.

On 01 Aug 1831 George Augustus Francis Rawdon-Hastings 2nd Marquess Hastings (age 23) and Barbara Yelverton Marchioness Hastings (age 21) were married. He the son of Francis Rawdon-Hastings 1st Marquess Hastings and Flora Mure-Campbell Marchioness of Hastings (age 51).

On 01 Aug 1835 John Skeffington 10th Viscount Massereene, 3rd Viscount Ferrard (age 22) and Olivia Grady Viscountess Massereene were married. She by marriage Viscountess Massereene. They had four sons and four daughters.

On 01 Aug 1863 Henry Winston Barron 1st Baronet (age 67) and Augusta Anne Somerset Lady Barron (age 39) were married at St George's Church, Hanover Square. She by marriage Lady Barron of Glenanna and Barroncourt in County Waterford. The difference in their ages was 28 years.

On 01 Aug 1903 George Vivian 4th Baron Vivian (age 25) and Barbara Cicely Fanning Baroness Vivian were married. She by marriage Baroness Vivian of Glynn and Truro in Cornwall.

Deaths on the 1st August

On 01 Aug 1190 Floris Gerulfing III Count Holland (age 49) died at Antioch.

On 01 Aug 1418 Richard Grey 1st or 4th Baron Grey of Codnor (age 47) died. His son John Grey 2nd or 5th Baron Grey of Codnor (age 22) succeeded 2nd or 5th Baron Grey of Codnor.

On 01 Aug 1455 Eleanor Berkeley Countess Arundel (age 73) died.

On 01 Aug 1474 Walter Blount 1st Baron Mountjoy (age 58) died. His grandson Edward Blount 2nd Baron Mountjoy (age 10) succeeded 2nd Baron Mountjoy.

On 01 Aug 1507 Elizabeth Burgh Baroness Fitzhugh died.

On 01 Aug 1683 Richard Corbet 2nd Baronet (age 43) died. His son Uvedale Corbet 3rd Baronet (age 15) succeeded 3rd Baronet Corbet of Leighton in Montgomeryshire.

On 01 Aug 1692 John Carew 3rd Baronet (age 56) died. His son Richard Carew 4th Baronet (age 9) succeeded 4th Baronet Carew of Antony in Cornwall.

On 01 Aug 1695 Elizabeth Willoughby Countess Ranelagh (age 62) died.

On 01 Aug 1702 William Courtenay 5th Earl Devon (age 73) died. His grandson William Courtenay 6th Earl Devon (age 26) de jure 6th Earl Devon.

On 01 Aug 1721 Barbara Slingsby Countess Pembroke and Montgomery (age 53) died.

On 01 Aug 1749 Henry Hare 3rd Baron Coleraine (age 56) died. Baron Coleraine extinct. He left his Tottenham estates to his illegitimate daughter Henrietta Rosa Peregrina (age 3) but as a consequence of her being a alien the estates escheated to the Crown.

On 01 Aug 1755 Robert Grosvenor 6th Baronet (age 60) died. His son Richard Grosvenor 1st Earl Grosvenor (age 24) succeeded 7th Baronet Grosvenor of Eaton in Cheshire.

On 01 Aug 1783 Edward Devereux 12th Viscount Hereford (age 43) died. His brother George Devereux 13th Viscount Hereford (age 39) succeeded 13th Viscount Hereford, 10th Baronet Devereux of Castle Bromwich. Marianna Devereux Viscountess Hereford by marriage Viscountess Hereford.

On 01 Aug 1808 Diana Spencer Viscountess St John and Bolingbroke (age 74) died.

On 01 Aug 1814 Anne Barbara Whitworth Lady Russell died.

On 01 Aug 1821 Caroline of Brunswick Queen Consort England (age 53) died.

On 01 Aug 1827 Alice Lucy Whitefoord Baroness Vernon (age 60) died at Sudbury [Map].

On 01 Aug 1836 Mary Sandys Marchioness Downshire (age 72) died.

On 01 Aug 1857 Charles Turner (age 82) died.

On 01 Aug 1898 William David Murray 4th and 3rd Earl Mansfield (age 92) died. His grandson William Murray 5th and 4th Earl Mansfield (age 38) succeeded 5th Earl Mansfield in Middlesex, 4th Earl Mansfield in Nottinghamshire, 10th Viscount Stormont.

On 01 Aug 1929 Edith Caroline Sophia Scott Viscountess Monck (age 73) died.