On this Day in History ... 2nd July

02 Jul is in July.

866 Battle of Brissarthe

1450 Jack Cade's Rebellion

1484 Battle of Lochmaben Fair

1528 Sweating Sickness Outbreak

1536 Neville Triple Wedding

1541 Executions

1600 Battle of Nieuwpoort

1644 Battle of Marston Moor

1660 July Creation of Peerages

1704 Battle of Schellenberg

1747 Battle of Lauffeld

1897 Devonshire House Ball

See Births, Marriages and Deaths.

Events on the 2nd July

On 02 or 03 Jul 657 Pope Vitalian was elected Pope.

On 02 Jul 866 Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine (age 46) and Robert "Strong" King West Francia (age 36) were killed fighting the joint Breton-Viking army at the Battle of Brissarthe at Brissarthe.

Archaeologia Volume 35 1853 XXXIII. On Monday the 2nd of July [1358], Isabella (age 63) left Leeds on her return to Hertford; which she reached on the 6th; making the daily stages of Rochester, Dartford, London, and Tottenham. Sir John de Wynewyk supped with the Queen in London, and the Countess of Warren (age 62) and the Maréchal D'Audenham at Tottenham. She was accompanied to Hertford by the Queen of Scotland (age 36). Isabella remained without visitors for some days after her return to Hertford. A memorandum is entered that the King was expected on the 13th of July; and on the 17th, strangers were entertained during the day, but they are not named.

Chronicle of Gregory 1450. 02 Jul 1450. And a-pon the morowe, that was the Fryday, a gayn evyn, they smote a sondyr the ropys of the draught brygge and faught sore a manly, and many a man was mortheryde and kylde in that conflycte, I wot not what [to] a name it for the multytude of ryffe raffe. And thenne they enteryde in to the cytte of London as men that hadde ben halfe be-syde her wytte; and in that furynys they wente, as they said, for the common wele of the realme of Ingelonde, evyn strayght unto a marchaunte is place i-namyd Phylyppe Malpas of London. Yf it were trewe as they surmysyd aftyr ther doyng, I remytte me to ynke and pauper - Deus scit et ego non [God knows and I am not]. But welle I wote that every ylle begynnynge moste comynly hathe an ylle endyng, and every goode begynnyng hathe the wery goode endyng. Proverbium: - Felix principium finem facit esse beatum [A happy beginning makes an end happy]. And that Phylyppe Malpas was aldyrman, and they spoylydhym ande bare a-way moche goode of hys, and in specyalle moche mony, bothe of sylvyr and golde, the valowe of a notabylle som, and in specyalle of marchaundys, as of tynne, woode, madyr, and alym, whythe grette quantyte of wollyn clothe and many ryche jewellys, why the othyr notabylle stuffe of fedyr beddys, beddyng, napery, and many a ryche clothe of arys, to the vale we of a notabylle some - nescio, set Deus omnia scit [I don't know, but God knows all things].

Calendars. 02 Jul 1464. Grant to John Scot (age 41), knight, controller of the king's household, or his executors after his death of all moneys arising from the subsidy called 'tonnage and poundage,'viz, the 3s. in the tun and the 12d. in the pound, in the port of the city of London at the hands of the collectors immediately after the full repayment of £1938 12s. 3d. to the king's kinsman John, Earl of Worcester (age 37), and £960 6s. iid. to Robert Styllington (age 44), king's clerk, keeper of the privy seal, from the said subsidy in the ports of London, Southampton and Sandwich, as granted to them by letters patent dated 30 June, 3 Edward IV., until he shall be fully satisfied of the sum of £256 3s. 6d. in which the king is indebted to him for having prepared divers ships in the port of Sandwich at the king's command and taken them to the north with victuals and soldiers on the defence of the realm. And until he be thus fully satisfied he shall ns often as he pleases nominate a suitable person to the treasurer of England to be appointed one of the collectors of the said subsidy. By K.

On 02 Jul 1466 François Valois Duke Longueville (age 19) and Agnès de Savoy Duchess Longueville were married. She by marriage Queen Consort of France. He the son of Jean "Bastard of Orléans" Valois Count Dunois Count Longueville (age 63) and Marie Harcourt.

On 22 Jul 1484 William Douglas 4th Lord Drumlanrig was killed during the Battle of Lochmaben Fair. Note. Some sources report this as the Battle of Kirtie on 02 Jul 1484?

James Douglas 9th Earl Douglas 3rd Earl Avondale (age 58) was captured.

Letters and Papers 1528. 02 Jul 1528. Titus, B. I. 320. B. M. 4452. John Mordaunt (age 20) To [Wolsey].

Asks him to obtain him the place of under-treasurer, void by the death of Sir William Compton (deceased), about which he spoke to Wolsey at the last vacancy. Last Lent, at Hampton Court, asked him for Sir Harry Wyat's (age 68) room, but he said he had determined to give it to Tuke, though he answered favorably his request to promote him to some such place. Thanks him for all his kindness. Asks his acceptance of 500 marks for the college at Oxford. Will give £100 to the King, if Wolsey pleases, "for his gracious goodness to be showed to me therein."

Asks for the wardship of one of the sisters of the late Mr. Browghton, for his younger sons, as their lands lie in Bradford, in which Mordaunt dwells. Will give £200 more than any other will give. Cannot pay ready money, owing to his expence in buying the heir of Sir Richard Fitzlewes (age 73) and in marrying his daughters, but he will give Wolsey a manor or two instead. Would have attended on Wolsey in person, but dares not presume to do so, in consequence of the sickness. When he first heard the premises, was busy in viewing the King's forest of Rockingham, where the King suffers daily great loss. His servant, the bearer, will attend on Wolsey daily to know his pleasure. 2 July.

Asks him to burn this letter.

Hol., pp. 2.

Letters and Papers 1528. 02 Jul 1528. R. O. 4453. Richard Broke To Nich. Townesley.

Received his letters dated at Hampton Court, 1 July, requiring him to attend my lord's Grace that day or else tomorrow. Would have done so if he had not been sick of the sweat; from which one of his clerks at London is newly recovered, and another who yesterday wrote divers letters for him fell ill shortly after 12 o'clock at afternoon. All his horses are in Mortlake Park, beside Putneyth. Has ordered his servant, the bearer, to take them out, and get ready his saddles and harness at London that he may ride the circuit. Will be with my Lord whenever his servant brings his horses. Sutton, in Kent, 30 miles from Hampton Court, about midnight before the 2 July.

Hol., p. 1. Add.: Master Nicolas Townesley, clerk. Endd.

On 02 Jul 1536 three weddings between the Neville, and Manners and Vere families, were celebrated at one mass at Holywell Priory [Map]:

Henry Neville 5th Earl of Westmoreland (age 11) and Anne Manners Countess of Westmoreland (age 9) were married. She the daughter of Thomas Manners 1st Earl of Rutland (age 44) and Eleanor Paston Countess Rutland (age 41). He the son of Ralph Neville 4th Earl of Westmoreland (age 38) and Katherine Stafford Countess of Westmoreland (age 37). They were half fourth cousins. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

Henry Manners 2nd Earl of Rutland (age 9) and Margaret Neville Countess Rutland were married. She the daughter of Ralph Neville 4th Earl of Westmoreland (age 38) and Katherine Stafford Countess of Westmoreland (age 37). He the son of Thomas Manners 1st Earl of Rutland (age 44) and Eleanor Paston Countess Rutland (age 41). They were half fourth cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King Edward III of England.

John de Vere 16th Earl of Oxford (age 20) and Dorothy Neville Countess of Oxford were married. She the daughter of Ralph Neville 4th Earl of Westmoreland (age 38) and Katherine Stafford Countess of Westmoreland (age 37). He the son of John de Vere 15th Earl of Oxford (age 65) and Elizabeth Trussell Countess of Oxford.

Those present included Thomas Audley 1st Baron Audley Walden (age 48), Thomas Howard 3rd Duke of Norfolk (age 63), Charles Brandon 1st Duke of Suffolk (age 52), Henry Grey 1st Duke of Suffolk (age 19), Henry Courtenay 1st Marquess Exeter (age 40), John de Vere 15th Earl of Oxford (age 65) and Ralph Neville 4th Earl of Westmoreland (age 38).

Letters 1536. 02 Jul 1536. 17. T. Earl of Wiltshire (age 59) to Cromwell.

I received a letter from the King, with another from you concerning an augmentation of living to my daughter of Rochford; and although my living of late is much decayed, I am content, whereas she now has 100 marks a year, and 200 marks a year after my decease, to give her 50 marks a year more in hand. From Lady day last past she shall have 100l. a year to live on, where she should have had only 100 marks as long as I live, and after my death 300 marks a year. Beseeching you to inform the King that I do this alonely for his pleasure. When I married I had only 50l. a year to live on for me and my wife as long as my father lived, and yet she brought me every year a child. I thank you for your goodness to me when I am far off, and cannot always be present to answer for myself. Hever, this first Sunday of July.

Hol., pp. 2. Add.: Chief Secretary. Endd.

Letters and Papers 1541. 02 Jul 1541. 954. Chapuys (age 51) to the Queen of Hungary.

Almost immediately after Chapuys's return the King (age 50) gave the people of Dunkirk permission to buy here a quantity of wood for their own use for curing herrings, and he has frequently reminded Chapuys of the favor, saying he was surprised that the town had not sent a deputation to say how much wood they required. The deputation has arrived, and now, after being kept 13 days without an answer, they have been told that it is mere loss of time to solicit such things till the Queen has promised to release the harness, copper, and war ammunition purchased by the King some time ago at Antwerp.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 02 Jul 1557. The ij day of July the duke of Norfoke('s) (age 21) sun was crystened at Whytt-hall at after-non, and the kyng (age 30) and my lord chanseler (age 56) was the godfathers, and my old lade the duches of North-foke (age 60) [Note. Assumed to be the dowager duchess of Norfolk since referred to as 'old lade' rather than the current Duchess of Norfolk Elizabeth Leybourne Duchess Norfolk (age 21)] was the god-mother, and ther wher iiijxx storchys bornyng.

Note. P. 141. Christening of the duke of Norfolk's son. Philip earl of Surrey, as he was called in his infancy, and afterwards the distinguished earl of Arundel of that name, was "borne at Arundell place in London 28. of July [June] 1557." (MS. Harl. 897, f. 79.) Stowe also has recorded his christening "in the queenes chapell at Westminster, in a font of gold." The king and lord chancellor stood godfathers "in proper person."

On 02 Jul 1600 the Battle of Nieuwpoort took place at Nieuwpoort in Flanders.

Charles Drury was killed.

Diary of Anne Clifford 1617. 02 Jul 1617. The 2nd received a letter from Sir George Rivers who sent me word that my Lord (age 28) was setting his land upon his Brother and that the value of the fines I released to my Lord (age 28) was very great, which did much perplex me.

Diary of Anne Clifford 1619. 02 Jul 1619. The 2nd my Lord (age 30) and Sir Henry Vane (age 30) played at bowls. This night my Lady Margaret (age 5) was 5 years old so as my Lord (age 30) caused her health to be drank throughout the house.

On 02 Jul 1644 the Battle of Marston Moor was fought near Tockwith [Map] in Yorkshire. Alexander Seton aka Montgomerie 6th Earl Eglinton (age 56) fought for the Royal army. Lionel Carey (age 22) was killed. John Hay 1st Marquess Teviotdale (age 18) fought for the Parliamentary army.

At the Battle of Marston Moor Lucas (age 31) swept Fairfax's Yorkshire horse before him, but later in the day he was taken prisoner, in a battle won decisively by Parliament.

John Dolben (age 19) fought for the Royalists.

William Eure was killed.

Philip Musgrave 2nd Baronet (age 37) fought for the Royalists.

John Fenwick (age 42) was killed.

Diary of Isabella Twysden 1645. my part in Stockenbury wood for my 5th part, July 2 1645 was 74 cord and 6 feet and 2 load of turners timber and 2200 bavines.

On 02 Jul 1648 Ferdinand King Bohemia III Holy Roman Emperor (age 39) and Maria Leopoldine Habsburg Spain Queen Consort Bohemia (age 16) were married at Linz. She by marriage Queen Consort Bohemia. The difference in their ages was 23 years. He the son of Ferdinand of Spain II Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Anna Wittelsbach Holy Roman Empress. They were first cousins.

Evelyn's Diary. 02 Jul 1649. I went from Wotton, Surrey [Map] to Godstone, Surrey (the residence of Sir John Evelyn (age 58)), where was also Sir John Evelyn of Wilts. (age 47), when I took leave of both Sir Johns and their ladies. Mem. the prodigious memory of Sir John of Wilts' (age 47) daughter, since married to Mr. W. Pierrepont [Note. Mr R Pierrepoint], and mother of the present Earl of Kingston. I returned to Sayes Court, Deptford [Map] this night.

Pepy's Diary. 02 Jul 1660. Infinite of business that my heart and head and all were full. Met with purser Washington, with whom and a lady, a friend of his, I dined at the Bell Tavern in King Street, but the rogue had no more manners than to invite me and to let me pay my club. All the afternoon with my Lord, going up and down the town; at seven at night he went home, and there the principal Officers of the Navy1, among the rest myself was reckoned one. We had order to meet to-morrow, to draw up such an order of the Council as would put us into action before our patents were passed. At which my heart was glad. At night supped with my Lord, he and I together, in the great dining-room alone by ourselves, the first time I ever did it in London. Home to bed, my maid pretty well again.

Note 1. A list of the Officers of the Admiralty, May 31st, 1660. From a MS. in the Pepysian Library in Pepys's own handwriting. His Royal Highness James, Duke of York, Lord High Admiral, Sir George Carteret (age 50), Treasurer, Sir Robert Slingsby (age 49), (soon after) Comptroller. Sir William Batten (age 59), Surveyor. Samuel Pepys, Esq., Clerk of the Acts. John, Lord Berkeley (age 58) (of Stratton,) Sir William Pen (age 39), Commissioners. Peter Pett, Esq. B.

Pepy's Diary. 02 Jul 1661. Home, and after my singing master had done, took coach and went to Sir William Davenant's (age 55) Opera; this being the fourth day that it hath begun, and the first that I have seen it. To-day was acted the second part of "The Siege of Rhodes". We staid a very great while for the King and the Queen of Bohemia (age 64). And by the breaking of a board over our heads, we had a great deal of dust fell into the ladies' necks and the men's hair, which made good sport. The King being come, the scene opened; which indeed is very fine and magnificent, and well acted, all but the Eunuch, who was so much out that he was hissed off the stage. Home and wrote letters to my Lord at sea, and so to bed.

Evelyn's Diary. 02 Jul 1662. We hunted and killed a buck in the park, Mr. Howard (age 33) inviting most of the gentlemen of the country near him.

Pepy's Diary. 02 Jul 1662. So Mr. Coventry (age 34) to London, and Pett and I to the Pay, where Sir Williams both were paying off The Royal James still, and so to dinner, and to the Pay again, where I did relieve several of my Lord Sandwich's (age 36) people, but was sorry to see them so peremptory, and at every word would, complain to my Lord, as if they shall have such a command over my Lord.

Pepy's Diary. 02 Jul 1663. Walking in the garden this evening with Sir G. Carteret (age 53) and Sir J. Minnes (age 64), Sir G. Carteret (age 53) told us with great contempt how like a stage-player my Lord Digby (age 50) spoke yesterday, pointing to his head as my Lord did, and saying, "First, for his head", says Sir G. Carteret (age 53), "I know what a calf's head would have done better by half for his heart and his sword, I have nothing to say to them". He told us that for certain his head cost the late King his, for it was he that broke off the treaty at Uxbridge. He told us also how great a man he was raised from a private gentleman in France by Monsieur Grandmont1, and afterwards by the Cardinall, [Mazarin] who raised him to be a Lieutenant-generall, and then higher; and entrusted by the Cardinall, when he was banished out of France, with great matters, and recommended by him to the Queen (age 61) as a man to be trusted and ruled by: yet when he came to have some power over the Queen, he begun to dissuade her from her opinion of the Cardinal; which she said nothing to till the Cardinal was returned, and then she told him of it; who told my Lord Digby (age 50), "Eh bien, Monsieur, vous estes un fort bon amy donc2" but presently put him out of all; and then he was, from a certainty of coming in two or three years' time to be Mareschall of France (to which all strangers, even Protestants, and those as often as French themselves, are capable of coming, though it be one of the greatest places in France), he was driven to go out of France into Flanders; but there was not trusted, nor received any kindness from the Prince of Conde (age 41), as one to whom also he had been false, as he had been to the Cardinal and Grandmont. In fine, he told us how he is a man of excellent parts, but of no great faith nor judgment, and one very easy to get up to great height of preferment, but never able to hold it.

Note 1. Antoine, Duc de Gramont, marshal of France, who died July 12th, 1678, aged seventy-four. His memoirs have been published.

Note 2. TT. Ah well sir, you are a very good friend, therefore.

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Pepy's Diary. 02 Jul 1665. In the evening my Lady Pen (age 41) and daughter come to see, and supped with us, then a messenger about business of the office from Sir G. Carteret (age 55) at Chatham, Kent [Map], and by word of mouth did send me word that the business between my Lord and him is fully agreed on1, and is mightily liked of by the King (age 35) and the Duke of Yorke (age 31), and that he sent me this word with great joy; they gone, we to bed.

Note 1. The arrangements for the marriage of Lady Jemimah Montagu to Philip Carteret (age 24) were soon settled, for the wedding took place on July 31st.

Pepy's Diary. 02 Jul 1666. Thence home and to the Tower to see the men from Bridewell [Map] shipped. Being rid of him I home to dinner, and thence to the Excise office by appointment to meet my Lord Bellasses (age 52) and the Commissioners, which we did and soon dispatched, and so I home, and there was called by Pegg Pen (age 15) to her house, where her father (age 45) and mother (age 42), and Mrs. Norton, the second Roxalana (age 24), a fine woman, indifferent handsome, good body and hand, and good mine, and pretends to sing, but do it not excellently. However I took pleasure there, and my wife was sent for, and Creed come in to us, and so there we spent the most of the afternoon.

Evelyn's Diary. 02 Jul 1666. Came Sir John Duncomb (age 44) and Mr. Thomas Chicheley (age 52), both Privy Councillors and Commissioners of His Majesty's (age 36) Ordnance, to visit me, and let me know that his Majesty (age 36) had in Council, nominated me to be one of the Commissioners for regulating the farming and making of saltpetre through the whole kingdom, and that we were to sit in the Tower [Map] the next day. When they were gone, came to see me Sir John Cotton (age 45), heir to the famous antiquary, Sir Robert Cotton: a pretended great Grecian, but had by no means the parts, or genius of his grandfather.

Pepy's Diary. 02 Jul 1666. Thence weary of losing so much time I to the office, and thence presently down to Deptford, Kent [Map]; but to see what a consternation there is upon the water by reason of this great press, that nothing is able to get a waterman to appear almost. Here I meant to have spoke with Bagwell's (age 29) mother, but her face was sore, and so I did not, but returned and upon the water found one of the vessels loaden with the Bridewell [Map] birds in a great mutiny, and they would not sail, not they; but with good words, and cajoling the ringleader into the Tower (where, when he was come, he was clapped up in the hole), they were got very quietly; but I think it is much if they do not run the vessel on ground. But away they went, and I to the Lieutenant of the Tower (age 51), and having talked with him a little, then home to supper very late and to bed weary.

Pepy's Diary. 02 Jul 1667. At noon home to dinner, and after dinner my wife and Jane (mighty fine the girle) to go to see Jane's old mistress, who was to see her, and did see my wife the other day, and it is pleasant to hear with what kindness her old mistress speaks of this girle, and how she would still have her, and how the wench cried when she told her that she must come to her old mistress my wife. They gone, I to my chamber, and there dallied a little with my maid Nell.... [Missing text 'to touch her thing, but nothing more'] and so to the office where busy till night, and then comes Mrs. Turner (age 44), and walks with me in the garden to talk with me about her husband's business, and to tell me how she hears at the other end of the town how bad our office is spoken of by the King (age 37) and Prince (age 47) and Duke of Albemarle (age 58), and that there is not a good word said of any of us but of me; and me they all do speak mightily of, which, whether true or no, I am mighty glad to hear, but from all put together that I hear from other people, I am likely to pass as well as anybody. So, she gone, comes my wife and to walk in the garden, Sir J. Minnes (age 68) being still ill and so keeping us from singing, and by and by Sir W. Pen (age 46) come and walked with us and gave us a bottle of Syder, and so we home to supper and to bed. This day I am told that poor Tooker is dead, a very painfull poor man as ever I knew.

Evelyn's Diary. 02 Jul 1667. Called upon my Lord Arlington (age 49), as from his Majesty (age 37), about the new fuel. The occasion why I was mentioned, was from what I said in my Sylva three years before, about a sort of fuel for a need, which obstructed a patent of Lord Carlingford (age 64), who had been seeking for it himself; he was endeavoring to bring me into the project, and proffered me a share. I met my Lord; and, on the 9th, by an order of Council, went to my Lord Mayor, to be assisting. In the meantime they had made an experiment of my receipt of houllies, which I mention in my book to be made at Maestricht, with a mixture of charcoal dust and loam, and which was tried with success at Gresham College (then being the exchange for the meeting of the merchants since the fire) for everybody to see. This done, I went to the Treasury for £12,000 for the sick and wounded yet on my hands.

Next day, we met again about the fuel at Sir J. Armourer's in the Mews.

Pepy's Diary. 02 Jul 1668. Called up by a letter from W. Coventry (age 40) telling me that the Commissioners of Accounts intend to summons me about Sir W. Warren's Hamburg contract, and so I up and to W. Coventry's (age 40) (he and G. Carteret (age 58) being the party concerned in it), and after conference with him about it to satisfaction I home again to the office.

Evelyn's Diary. 02 Jul 1668. Sir Samuel Tuke, Bart (age 53), and the lady he had married this day, came and bedded at night at my house, many friends accompanying the bride.

Evelyn's Diary. 02 Jul 1685. No considerable account of the troops sent against the Duke (age 36), tho' greate forces sent. There was a smart skirmish, but he would not be provok'd to come to an encounter, but still kept in the fastnesses. Dangerfield (deceased) whipp'd, like Oates (age 35), for perjurie.

Roger Whitley's Diary. 02 Jul 1690. Wednesday, a Frenchman (from Sir John: Wynne) came to visit us about 11; also cosen Lloyd & his wife & one Mrs Wynne; they dined with us; after dinner came Mrs Vaughan (a kinswoman) & Mr Lloyd of PlaceMadock & Thomas Hughes; they stayd till towards evening; cosen Lloyd & his wife supt with us, then went home.

On 23 Jul 1694 Charles Middleton 2nd Earl Middleton (age 44) was tried for treason and outlawed. He was attainted on 02 Jul 1695. Earl Middleton forfeit.

On 02 Jul 1704 John Mordaunt (age 23) fought at Donauwörth during the Battle of Schellenberg.

On 02 Jul 1709 Philip Bourbon was born to Philippe V King Spain (age 25) and Maria Luisa Savoy (age 20). He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 5.82%.

On 02 Jul 1747 Edward Dillon was killed at Lauffeld during the Battle of Lauffeld.

On 02 Jul 1797 Maria II Queen Portugal was born to Ferenc József Prince Koháry de Csábrág et Szitnya (age 29).

Thomas Bateman 1845. On the 2d of July, 1845, a barrow was opened, situated about midway between Wetton and Ham, Staffordshire, at about a distance of two hundred yards to the left of the road. This tumulus is near twenty yards in diameter at the base, its height could not accurately be ascertained, as a considerable portion of the summit had been removed for agricultural purposes, by which means two interments (the remains of which were on this occasion noticed) had been destroyed: one was that of an adult, the other a child, whose under jaw remained entire; amongst these debris were three instruments of flint, of no great interest; some fragments of an ornamented urn, and an iron pin, similar to the awl used by the saddlers of the nineteenth century. (One precisely similar found in a barrow on Middleton Moor, 1824.) This bespeaks one of the interments of a much later date than the primary one, which was discovered in a cist cut in the rock, at a depth of seven feet from the summit of the mound: it was doubtless an interment of a very remote age, not being accompanied by ornaments, or even the rude flint weapons of the hunter, to which profession it is highly probable the deceased belonged, as an interesting discovery was made of the skeleton of a dog, which lay at the feet of the skeleton of his former master, whose knees were drawn up according to the most primitive usage. This circumstance may claim an excuse for the introduction of the following lines, which are singularly appropriate, as man in a savage state, whether a native of one hemisphere or the other, is actuated by the same impulses, and is influenced by similar superstitions:

"Lo I the poor Indian, whose untutor'd mind Sees God in clouds, or hears him in the wind; His soul proud Science never taught to stray Far as the solar walk or Milky Way: Yet simple Nature to his hope has given Beyond the cloud-topp'd hill a humbler heaven, - Some safer world, in depths of woods unbraced, - Some happier island, in the watery waste. Where slaves once more their native land behold, No fiends torment, no Christians thirst for gold; But thinks, admitted to that equal sky. His faithful dog shall bear him company."

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Blore. Lady Low [Map], near Blore, a bowl-shaped tumulus, 21 yards across and four feet high in the middle, was opened on the 2nd of July by carrying a trench six feet wide through the centre, without finding the interment, a few flints and some charcoal being the result of our labour.

Stakor Hill. On the 2nd of July, we excavated the site of a barrow, most of which had been removed, on a hill near Buxton, not far from Stakor Hill. The mound had been so completely demolished, as to render it doubtful where it would be most proper to begin, and on digging in the most elevated part, we found the rock at the depth of a foot. This caused us to try in a place no higher than the level of the field, when immediately under the clods we perceived fragments of a human bone, and a little deeper a human skeleton, lying on its right side, with the knees contracted, and the head to the south. It had been deposited in a rude cist, walled round by a single course of large stones, and close to the left hip were two neatly sharpened darts of bone; near the legs was a deposit of calcined human bones, accompanied by a round-ended flint also burnt, and a little beyond them, and consequently further from the skeleton, were the unburnt remains of another individual, which had been slightly disturbed: two instruments of flint, and the lower mandible of a hawk, were found between the two, supplying the third instance in which we have observed the remains of this bird in tumuli. These interments removed, we arrived at the edge of an irregular grave, cut about a yard deep in rock, but rather lower at the south end, filled with clayey earth and small stones, amongst which we first found some bones of a child. Lower down was a female skeleton lying on the right side, with the head close to the south-east end of the grave, and the knees drawn up to accommodate the body to the limits of the excavation, which measured 3 feet by 2. Between the head and the knees was a broken drinking-cup of ruder work-manship than usual, lying on its side, with the mouth towards the latter; and a neat javelin-head of flint was found in throwing the earth out of the grave, so that its position was not ascertained. Both mastoid bones were dyed green, from contact with two small pieces of thin bronze, bent in the middle, just sufficiently to clasp the edge or lobe of the ear. There were many rats' bones in the grave. Ihis is probably the oldest interment we have found in which metal has been present- the very small quantity possessed, its application to the purpose of adornment, viewed in connection with the fact of the later interments above being accompanied by weapons of bone and flint only, bear out this opinion.

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The Diary of George Price Boyce 1855-1857. 02 Jul 1857. W. Allingham (age 33) and Alex. Munro (age 31) came and breakfasted with me. Afterwards skirmished and rhapsodised and ecstasised over the new Tennyson, and Millais' and Rossetti's illustrations. A. said that when Tennyson was reading his "Maud" at Oxford, Carlyle, as he himself said, "Went out into the fields; I didn't want to hear his 'Maud,' I have read it before. Besides, I don't like to see a noble fellow like that letting hilnself out through such a gimlet hole" (meaning poetry).

St Katherine's Church, Rowsley [Map]. Memorial stone in the churchyard to the five men who died during the Haddon Tunnel Collapse.

On 2nd July 1861, a partially built 36-foot length of arch in the northern section collapsed while waiting to be keyed with additional stonework. The arch, supported by eight ribs, each fitted with props at both ends and another in the middle, steadied by three rakers held the arch in place but it collapsed without warning, burying several workers. Rescue efforts commenced immediately and the victims were extracted within two hours. Five workers were killed, four outright and another that died the following day.

Letters of Christina Rossetti. Christina Rossetti to Macmillan and Company, 2 July 1866

Penkill, 2nd July [1866]

C. Rossetti (age 35) requests that a copy of Prince's Progress be sent to

Mrs Gilchrist

Brookbank

Shottermill

Haslemere:-

and encloses stamps for postage

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The London Gazette 25486. Whitehall, July 2, 1885. The Queen (age 66) has been pleased to direct Letters Patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignities of a Viscount and an Earl of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland unto the Right Honourable Sir Stafford Henry Northcote (age 66), Bart, G.C.B., and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the names, styles, and titles of Viscount Saint Gyres, of Newton Saint Gyres, in the county of Devon, and Earl of Iddesleigh, in the said county.

The London Gazette 25486. Whitehall, July 2, 1885. The Queen (age 66) has been please'd to direct Letters Patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of 'Great Britain and Ireland unto the undermentioned persons and the heirs male of their respective bodies lawfully begotten, namely:

Mervyn Edward (age 48), Viscount Powerscourt, in that part of the United Kingdom called Ireland, K.P., by the name, style, and title of Baron Powerscourt, of Powerscourt, in the county of Wicklow.

Sir Nathaniel Mayer Rothschild (age 44), Bart., by the name, style, and title of Baron Rothschild, of Tring, in the county of Hertford. [Emma Louise von Rothschild Baroness Rothschild (age 41) by marriage Baroness Rothschild of Tring in Hertfordshire]

Edward Charles Baring (age 57), Esq., by the name, style, and titie of Baron Revelstoke, of Membland, in the county of Devon. [Louisa Emily Charlotte Bulteel Baroness Revelstoke (age 46) by marriage Baroness Revelstoke of Membland in Devon]

The Right Honourable Sir Robert Porrett Collier (age 68), Knt., a Member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, by the name, style, and title of Baron Monkswell, of Monkswell, in the county of Devon. [Isabella Rose Baroness Monkswell (age 70) by marriage Baroness Monkswell of Monkswell in Devon]

The Right Honourable Sir Arthur Hobhouse, K.C.S.I., C.I.E., a Member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, by the name, style, and title of Baron Hobhouse, of Hadspen, in the county of Somerset.

Sir Ralph Robert Wheeler Lingen, KC.B., by the name, style, and title of Baron Lingen, of Lingen, in the county of Hereford.

The Right Honourable Edward Gibson, Chancellor of that part of the United Kingdom called Ireland, by the name, style, and title of Baron Ashbourne, of Ashbourne, in the county of Meath.

Rowland Winn (age 65), Esq., by the name, style, and title of Baron Saint Oswald, of Nostell, in the West Riding of the county of York [Harriet Dumaresq Baroness St Owsald by marriage Baroness St Oswald of Nostell in the West Riding of Yorkshire.]

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02 Jul 1897. Henry Bullingham (age 45). Photograph of Adele Beach Grant Countess Essex (age 30) at the Devonshire House Ball as Bernice Queen of Palestine.

02 Jul 1897. Henry Bullingham (age 45). Photograph of Helena Gleichen (age 24) at the Devonshire House Ball as Joan of Arc.

Helena Gleichen: On 01 Feb 1873 she was born to Prince Victor of Hohenlohe Langenburg Count Gleichen and Princess Laura Williamina Seymour. On 28 Jan 1947 she died.

02 Jul 1897. Henry Bullingham (age 45). Photograph of Mary Venetia Cavendish-Bentinck (age 36) at the Devonshire House Ball as Elizabeth Cavendish daughter of Bess of Hardwick.

02 Jul 1897. Henry Bullingham (age 45). Photograph of Evelyn Henrietta Leigh Baroness Alington at the Devonshire House Ball as Duchesse de Nevers, Dame de la Cour de S.M. Marguérite de Valois.

Evelyn Henrietta Leigh Baroness Alington: she was born to Henry Blundell Leigh. On 10 Feb 1892 Henry Gerard Sturt 1st Baron Alington and she were married. She by marriage Baroness Alington. On 23 Jan 1939 she died.

02 Jul 1897. Henry Bullingham (age 45). Photograph of Rachel Anne Gurney Countess Dudley (age 29) at the Devonshire House Ball as Queen Esther.

On 02 Jul 1903 Olav Glücksburg V King Norway was born to Haakon VII King Norway (age 30) and Maud Windsor Queen Consort Norway (age 33). He a grandson of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.91%.

The London Gazette 30161. At the Court at Buckingham, Palace, the 2nd day of July, 1917.

Present, The KING'S Most Excellent Majesty in Council.

This day The Right Honourable Arthur William de Brito Savile (age 47), Earl of Liverpool, G.C.M.G., M.V.O., Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief of the Dominion of New Zealand, was, by His Majesty's command, appointed a Member of His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council.

Almeric FitzRoy

Births on the 2nd July

On 02 Jul 1629 Elizabeth Cromwell was born to Oliver Cromwell (age 30) and Elizabeth Bourchier (age 31).

On 02 Jul 1647 Daniel Finch 2nd Earl Nottingham 7th Earl Winchilsea was born to Heneage Finch 1st Earl Nottingham (age 25) and Elizabeth Harvey Baroness Finch (age 20).

On 02 Jul 1677 Christian Hesse-Kassel was born to Charles I Landgrave Hesse-Kassel (age 22) and Maria Amalia of Courland Landgravine Hesse-Kassel (age 24). Coefficient of inbreeding 6.66%.

On 02 Jul 1701 Selina Shirley was born to Robert Shirley 1st Earl Ferrers (age 50) and Selina Finch Countess Ferrers (age 20).

On 02 Jul 1709 Philip Bourbon was born to Philippe V King Spain (age 25) and Maria Luisa Savoy (age 20). He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland. Coefficient of inbreeding 5.82%.

On 02 Jul 1768 Sarah Otway-Cave 3rd Baroness Braye was born to Thomas Cave 6th Baronet (age 31).

On 02 Jul 1774 Anne Courtenay Countess Mountnorris was born to William Courtenay 8th Earl Devon (age 31) and Frances Clack Countess Devon.

On 02 Jul 1780 Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice 3rd Marquess Lansdowne was born to William Petty 1st Marquess Lansdowne (age 43) and Louisa Fitzpatrick Marchioness Lansdowne (age 25).

On 02 Jul 1789 Other Archer Windsor 6th Earl Plymouth was born to Other Windsor 5th Earl Plymouth (age 38) and Sarah Archer Countess Plymouth and Amherst (age 27). Coefficient of inbreeding 6.25%.

On 02 Jul 1792 Thomas Phillipps 1st Baronet was born to Thomas Phillipps and Hannah Walton.

On 02 Jul 1795 Brownlow Cecil 2nd Marquess Exeter was born to Henry Cecil 1st Marquess Exeter (age 41) and Sarah Hoggins Countess Exeter (age 21).

On 02 Jul 1797 Maria II Queen Portugal was born to Ferenc József Prince Koháry de Csábrág et Szitnya (age 29).

On 02 Jul 1806 Edmund Hayes 3rd Baronet was born to Samuel Hayes 2nd Baronet (age 33) and Elizabeth Lighton.

On 02 Jul 1815 Thomas William Brograve Proctor-Beauchamp 4th Baronet was born to William Beauchamp-Proctor 3rd Baronet (age 33) and Anne Gregory Lady Beauchamp-Proctor (age 23).

On 02 Jul 1864 Algernon Henry Grosvenor was born to Robert Grosvenor 1st Baron Ebury (age 63) and Charlotte Arbuthnot Wellesley Baroness Ebury (age 56). He was baptised on 30 Jul 1846.

On 02 Jul 1889 Geraldine Bryde Dinah Tennant Lady Colquhoun was born to Francis John "Frank" Tennant (age 27) and Annie Geraldine Redmayne (age 25).

On 02 Jul 1903 Olav Glücksburg V King Norway was born to Haakon VII King Norway (age 30) and Maud Windsor Queen Consort Norway (age 33). He a grandson of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.91%.

On 02 Jul 1912 Diana Claudia Carleton Countess of Malmesbury was born to Dudley Pigott aka Carleton 2nd Baron Dorchester (age 36).

On 02 Jul 1915 Arthur Valerian Wellesley 8th Duke Wellington was born to Gerald Wellesley 7th Duke Wellington (age 29) and Dorothy Violet Ashton Duchess Wellington (age 25).

On 02 Jul 1966 Edward Nicholas Tate was born to Henry Saxon Tate 5th Baronet (age 34).

Marriages on the 2nd July

On 02 Jul 1466 François Valois Duke Longueville (age 19) and Agnès de Savoy Duchess Longueville were married. She by marriage Queen Consort of France. He the son of Jean "Bastard of Orléans" Valois Count Dunois Count Longueville (age 63) and Marie Harcourt.

On 02 Jul 1536 three weddings between the Neville, and Manners and Vere families, were celebrated at one mass at Holywell Priory [Map]:

Henry Neville 5th Earl of Westmoreland (age 11) and Anne Manners Countess of Westmoreland (age 9) were married. She the daughter of Thomas Manners 1st Earl of Rutland (age 44) and Eleanor Paston Countess Rutland (age 41). He the son of Ralph Neville 4th Earl of Westmoreland (age 38) and Katherine Stafford Countess of Westmoreland (age 37). They were half fourth cousins. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

Henry Manners 2nd Earl of Rutland (age 9) and Margaret Neville Countess Rutland were married. She the daughter of Ralph Neville 4th Earl of Westmoreland (age 38) and Katherine Stafford Countess of Westmoreland (age 37). He the son of Thomas Manners 1st Earl of Rutland (age 44) and Eleanor Paston Countess Rutland (age 41). They were half fourth cousins. He a great x 5 grandson of King Edward III of England.

John de Vere 16th Earl of Oxford (age 20) and Dorothy Neville Countess of Oxford were married. She the daughter of Ralph Neville 4th Earl of Westmoreland (age 38) and Katherine Stafford Countess of Westmoreland (age 37). He the son of John de Vere 15th Earl of Oxford (age 65) and Elizabeth Trussell Countess of Oxford.

Those present included Thomas Audley 1st Baron Audley Walden (age 48), Thomas Howard 3rd Duke of Norfolk (age 63), Charles Brandon 1st Duke of Suffolk (age 52), Henry Grey 1st Duke of Suffolk (age 19), Henry Courtenay 1st Marquess Exeter (age 40), John de Vere 15th Earl of Oxford (age 65) and Ralph Neville 4th Earl of Westmoreland (age 38).

On 02 Jul 1616 Thomas Puckering 1st Baronet (age 24) and Elizabeth Morley Lady Puckering were married at St Bartholomew the Less. She by marriage Lady Puckering of Weston in Hertfordshire.

On 02 Jul 1648 Ferdinand King Bohemia III Holy Roman Emperor (age 39) and Maria Leopoldine Habsburg Spain Queen Consort Bohemia (age 16) were married at Linz. She by marriage Queen Consort Bohemia. The difference in their ages was 23 years. He the son of Ferdinand of Spain II Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Anna Wittelsbach Holy Roman Empress. They were first cousins.

Before 02 Jul 1654 Thomas Gage 2nd Baronet (age 57) and Mary Chamberlain Lady Gage and Goring (age 34) were married. She by marriage Lady Gage of Firley in Sussex. The difference in their ages was 23 years.

On 02 Jul 1668 Samuel Tuke 1st Baronet (age 53) and Mary Sheldon were married.

On 02 Jul 1741 Henry Gough 1st Baronet (age 33) and Barbara Calthorpe Lady Gough were married. Barbara Calthorpe Lady Gough by marriage Lady Gough-Calthorpe of Edgbaston in Warwickshire.

On 02 Jul 1748 John Bateman 2nd Viscount Culmore (age 27) and Elizabeth Sambroke Viscountess Bateman (age 23) were married.

On 02 Jul 1749 Thomas Gerard 8th Baronet (age 26) and Mary Clare Tasbrough Lady Gerard (age 24) were married. She by marriage Lady Gerard of Bryn in Lancashire. They had three daughters Elizabeth, Catherine, and Mary.

On 02 Jul 1764 Hugh Percy 2nd Duke Northumberland (age 21) and Anne Stuart (age 19) were married. She the daughter of John Stuart 3rd Earl Bute (age 51) and Mary Wortley-Montagu Countess Bute (age 46). He the son of Hugh Percy 1st Duke Northumberland (age 48) and Elizabeth Seymour Duchess Northumberland (age 47).

On 02 Jul 1784 George Fitzroy 2nd Baron Southampton (age 22) and Laura Keppel Baroness Southampton (age 19) were married. She by marriage Baroness Southampton. She the daughter of Bishop Frederick Keppel and Laura Walpole. They were half third cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 02 Jul 1892 Lt Colonel Hugh Annesley 5th Earl Annesley (age 61) and Priscilla Cecilia Moore Countess Annesley were married at St Marylebone Church. She by marriage Countess Annesley of Castlewellan in County Down. He the son of William Richard Annesley 3rd Earl Annesley and Priscilla Cecilia Moore. They were first cousins.

Deaths on the 2nd July

On 02 Jul 863 Bishop Swithun died.

On 02 Jul 866 Ranulf I Duke Aquitaine (age 46) and Robert "Strong" King West Francia (age 36) were killed fighting the joint Breton-Viking army at the Battle of Brissarthe at Brissarthe.

On 02 Jul 1226 Waleran Luxemburg III Duke Limburg (age 61) died. His son Henry Luxemburg IV Duke Limburg (age 31) succeeded IV Duke Limburg, I Count Berg.

On 02 Jul 1438 Ernest Wittelsbach I Duke Bavaria (age 65) died at Munich. His son Albert Wittelsbach III Duke Bavaria (age 37) succeeded III Duke Bavaria.

On 22 Jul 1484 William Douglas 4th Lord Drumlanrig was killed during the Battle of Lochmaben Fair. Note. Some sources report this as the Battle of Kirtie on 02 Jul 1484?

James Douglas 9th Earl Douglas 3rd Earl Avondale (age 58) was captured.

On 02 Jul 1536 John Stewart 2nd Duke Albany (age 52) died.

On 02 Jul 1644 the Battle of Marston Moor was fought near Tockwith [Map] in Yorkshire. Alexander Seton aka Montgomerie 6th Earl Eglinton (age 56) fought for the Royal army. Lionel Carey (age 22) was killed. John Hay 1st Marquess Teviotdale (age 18) fought for the Parliamentary army.

At the Battle of Marston Moor Lucas (age 31) swept Fairfax's Yorkshire horse before him, but later in the day he was taken prisoner, in a battle won decisively by Parliament.

John Dolben (age 19) fought for the Royalists.

William Eure was killed.

Philip Musgrave 2nd Baronet (age 37) fought for the Royalists.

John Fenwick (age 42) was killed.

On 02 Jul 1654 Thomas Gage 2nd Baronet (age 57) died. His son Thomas Gage 3rd Baronet (age 17) succeeded 3rd Baronet Gage of Firley in Sussex.

Before 02 Jul 1656 Hester Tyrrell Lady Salusbury died.

On 02 Jul 1661 Penelope Darcy Lady Gage (age 68) died at Firle, East Sussex.

On 02 Jul 1671 John Lucas 1st Baron Lucas Shenfield (age 64) died. His nephew Charles Lucas 2nd Baron Lucas Shenfield (age 40) succeeded 2nd Baron Lucas of Shenfield although technically illegitimate his parents had married after his birth.

On 02 Jul 1675 William Ker 2nd Earl Roxburghe (age 52) died. 02 Jul 1675 His son Robert Ker 3rd Earl Roxburghe (age 17) succeeded 3rd Earl Roxburghe.

On or before 02 Jul 1687 Anthony Bateman (age 71) died. He was buried 02 Jul 1687.

On 02 Jul 1700 Thomas Grosvenor 3rd Baronet (age 43) died. His son Richard Grosvenor 4th Baronet (age 11) succeeded 4th Baronet Grosvenor of Eaton in Cheshire.

On 02 Jul 1710 Anne "Mary" Wroth Countess Suffolk died.

On 02 Jul 1723 Edward Nightingale (age 65) died. His son Gamaliel Nightingale (age 29) de jure 6th Baronet Nightingale of Newport Pond in Essex.

On 02 Jul 1728 Jemima Crew Marchioness Kent (age 53) died.

On 02 Jul 1735 Mary Leigh Lady Hoskyns (age 36) died.

On 02 Jul 1793 Thomas Foley 2nd Baron Foley (age 51) died. His son Thomas Foley 3rd Baron Foley (age 12) succeeded 3rd Baron Foley of Kidderminster in Worcestershire.

On 02 Jul 1800 James Drummond 11th Earl Perth (age 56) died.

On 02 Jul 1801 Robert Edward Petre 9th Baron Petre (age 59) died. His son Robert Edward Petre 10th Baron Petre (age 37) succeeded 10th Baron Petre.

On 02 Jul 1835 Elizabeth Monckton Lady Smith died.

On 02 Jul 1856 Jemima Cornwallis Countess St Germans (age 52) died at Dover Street.

On 02 Jul 1888 Henry Richard Glyn 3rd Baron Wolverton (age 26) died unmarried. His brother Frederic Glyn 4th Baron Wolverton (age 23) succeeded 4th Baron Wolverton.