On this Day in History ... 2nd October

02 Oct is in October.

1470 King Edward flees to Burgundy

1501 Arrival of Catherine of Aragon

1553 Coronation of Mary I

1664 Great Plague of London

See Births, Marriages and Deaths.

Events on the 2nd October

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Bishop Cynewulf retired to Holy-island; Elmund, Bishop of Hexham, died on the seventh day before the ides of September [07 Sep 781], and Tilbert was consecrated in his stead, on the sixth day before the nones of October [02 Oct 780]; Hibbald was consecrated Bishop of Holy-island at Sockbury; and King Elwald sent to Rome for a pall in behoof of Archbishop Eanbald.

On 02 Oct 1241 Bishop Roger Niger was buried in St Paul's Cathedral [Map]. There was an eclipse of the sun the same day.

On 02 Oct 1386 John Montfort V Duke Brittany (age 47) and Joanna of Navarre Queen Consort England (age 16) were married at Saillé [Map]. She by marriage Duchess Brittany 1221 Dreux, Countess Richmond. His third marriage, her first. The marriage proceeded when her father Charles "Bad" II King Navarre (age 53) agreed to give his daughter 120,000 gold francs and to pay 6,000 francs owed to John, duke of Brittany, for the rent of certain lands. He, John, gave her the cities of Nantes [Map] and Guerrand [Map]. The difference in their ages was 31 years. She the daughter of Charles "Bad" II King Navarre and Joan Valois Queen Consort Navarre. They were second cousin twice removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Henry III of England. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.

On 02 Oct 1452 Richard, the future King Richard III was born to Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York (age 41) and Cecily "Rose of Raby" Neville Duchess York (age 37) at Fotheringay Castle, Northamptonshire [Map]. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.42%.

A Brief Latin Chronicle. 02 Oct 1470. Edward, seeing their boldness, fled with a few followers to Flanders, where he was honorably received by the Duke of Burgundy.

Edwardus autem, videns eorum audciam, fugit cum paucis in Flandriam, ubi a duce Burgundie honorifice est susceptus.

Warkworth's Chronicle 1470. 02 Oct 1470. But anone one of the oste went oute frome the fellawschippe, and tolde Kynge Edwarde alle manere of thynge, and bade hym avoyde, for he was not strong enoghe to gyff batayle to Markes Montagu (age 39); and then anone Kynge Edwarde haysted hym in alle that he might to the towne of Lynne, and ther he toke schyppynge one Michaelmesse day, in the x. yere of his regne, with Lorde Hastynges, that was the Kynges Chambearlyne, Lorde Say, withe dyverse other knyghtes and squires, passed and saylede overe the see into Flaunders, to his brother-in-lawe1 the Duke of Burgeyne2, for socoure and helpe, &c.

Note 1. The Harl. MS. 7353, is a most curious roll on vellum, containing pictures on one side representing parts of scripture history, and on the other assumed similar transactions in the life of Edward IV. We have, 1. The King on his throne. 2. The King encouraging his soldiers. 3. The King with a triple sun shining upon him through three golden crowns, and saying "Domine! quid vis me facere? [Lord! What do you want me to do?]" 4. Pardoning Henry after the battle of Northampton. 5. Setting sail for Calais. At the bottom is a genealogical tree, with portraits of all the members of the houses of York and Lancaster, very fantastically arranged.

Note 2. Duke of Burgeyne. Charles the Bold (age 36), Duke of Burgundy, married Edward's sister on the 18th of June, 1467 [1468?]. It was to this marriage that Edward owed his preservation abroad, and the final recovery of his kingdom. An account of the marriage, with the reception of the Princess in Flanders, may be seen in MS. Cotton. Nero, C. IX. Cf. Cart. Antiq. Mus. Brit. XI. 54.

Memoirs of Philip de Commines Book 3 Chapter V. 02 Oct 1470. And thus King Edward made his escape in the year 1470, by the assistance of a small vessel of his own and two Dutch merchantmen, attended only by 700 or 800 men, without any clothes but what they were to have fought in, no money in their pockets, and not one of them knew whither they were going. It was very surprising to see this poor king (for so he might justly be called) run away in this manner, and be pursued by his own servants. He had indulged himself in ease and pleasures for twelve or thirteen years together, and enjoyed a larger share of them than any prince in his time. His thoughts were wholly employed upon the ladies (and far more than was reasonable), hunting, and adorning his person. In his summer-hunting, his custom was to have several tents set up for the ladies, where he treated them after a magnificent manner; and indeed his person was as well turned for love-intrigues as any man I ever saw in my life: for he was young, and the most handsome man of his time; I mean when he was in this adversity, for afterwards he grew very corpulent. But see now how, on a sudden, he is fallen into the calamities of the world! He sailed directly for Holland. At that time the Easterlinjzs1 were at war both with the English and French; they had many ships at sea, and were dreaded by the English, and upon good grounds; for they were good soldiers, had done them much prejudice that year already, and bad taken several of their ships. The Easterlings at a great distance descried the ships which were with the king, and about seven or eight of them began to give them chase; but being far before them, he gained the coast of Holland, or rather some thing lower, for he put into Friesland, not far from a little town called Alquemare2, where he came to an anchor, and, it being low water, the king could not get into the harbour, but ran himself as near the town as he could. The Easterlings came as near him as they could possibly make, and dropt their anchors, intending to board him the next tide.

Note 1. Easterlings, in French Ostrelins, was the name given to the merchants of the Hanseatic League,

Note 2. Alkmaar, the capital of North Holland, distant about twenty miles from Amsterdam.

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On 02 Oct 1470 King Edward IV of England (age 28) fled from King's Lynn, Norfolk [Map] to the court of Charles the Bold (age 36) who married to his sister Margaret (age 24) two years earlier. His brother Richard (age 18) travelled with him; it was his eighteenth birthday.

On 02 Oct 1470 Isabella Trastámara Duchess Milan was born to Alfonso II King Naples (age 21) and Ippolita Maria Sforza (age 24).

Warkworth's Chronicle 1470. [After 02 Oct 1470]. Here is to knowe, that in the begynnynge of the moneth of Octobre, the yere of oure Lorde a м.cccc.lxx, the Bisshoppe of Wynchestere, be the assent of the Duke of Clarence and the Earl of Warwick (age 41), went to the toure of Londone, where Kynge Herry was in presone by Kynge Edwardes commawndement, and there toke him from his kepers, whiche was not worschipfully arayed as a prince, and not so clenly kepte as schuld seme suche a Prynce; they hade hym oute, and newe arayed hym, and dyde to him grete reverens, and brought him to the palys of Westmynster, and so he was restorede to the crowne ageyne, and wrott in alle his lettres1, wryttes, and other recordes, the yere of his regne, Anno regni Regis Henrici Sexti quadragesimo nono, et readempcionis sue regie potestatis primo. Whereof alle his goode lovers were fulle gladde, and the more parte of peple. never the lattere, before that, at he was putt oute of his reame by Kynge Edwarde, alle England for the more partye hatyd hym, and were fulle gladde to have a chounge; and the cause was, the good Duke of Glouceter was put to dethe, and Jhon Holonde, Duke of Excetre (age 40), poysond, and that the Duke of Suffolke, the Lorde Say, Danyelle Trevyliane, and other myscheves pepie that were aboute the Kynge, were so covetouse towarde them selff,and dyde no force of the Kynges honour, ne of his wele, ne of the comone wele of the londe, where Kynge Herry trusted to them that they schuld do, and labour in tyme of innocence evere for the comone wele, whiche they dyde contrary to his wille; and also Fraunce, Normandy, Gasgoyne, and Guyane was lost in his tyme2. And these were the causes, withe other, that made the peple to gruge ageyns hym, and alle bycause of his fals lordes, and never of hym; and the comon peple seyde, yf they mighte have another Kynge, he schulde gett alle ageyne and amende alle manere of thynges that was amysse, and brynge the reame of Englond in grete prosperite and reste. never the lattere, whenne Kynge Edwarde iiijth regnede, the peple looked after alle the forseide prosperytes and peece, but it came not; but one batayle after another, and moche troble and grett losse of goodes amonge the comone peple; as fyrste, the xv. of alle there goodes, and thanne ane hole xv., at yett at every batell to come ferre oute there countreis at ther awne coste; and these and suche othere brought England ryght lowe, and many menne seyd that Kynge Edwarde hade myche blame for hurtynge marchandyse, for in his dayes they were not in other londes, nore withein England, take in suche reputacyone and credence as they were afore, &c.

Note 1. Wrott in alle his lettres. Cf. MS. Harl. 7, fol. 64, rº; Sir Harris Nicolas's Chronology of History, p. 304; Cart. Antiq. Mus. Brit. XXII. 42.

Note 2. Was lost in his tyme. This was a never-failing source of rebuke against Henry; so Ocland says:

'Quippe erat Henricus quintus, dux strenuus olim, Mortuus hinc damni gravior causa atque doloris."

Indeed, he was Henry the Fifth, once a valiant duke, Now dead, a cause of great loss and sorrow.

Anglorum prælia. Edit. 1582. Edward, in one of his earlier proclamations, says, HE that directeth the hertes of all Princes "hath" putte in oure remembraunce the lamentable state and rayne of this reaume of Englond, and the losse of th'obeissaunce of the reaume of Fraunce, and Duchies of Guyenne, and Normandie, and Anjou. " Rot. Claus. 1 Edw. IV. m. 38, dorso.

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The Receyt of the Ladie Kateryne Book 1 Chapter 1. 02 Oct 1501. Where within short seasons it contentid Almyghtie God that more plesant wiendes shold goodlie rule the journeis of the cleer eires above, thrugh whoes help and aide unto thenglisshe parties they were right shortly conveied, and fortunatly they [Catherine of Aragon (age 15)] arryved at Plymmouthe [Map], fer in the contreth of the west.

Calendar of State Papers of Spain Volume 1. 04 Oct 1501. Voyage of the Princess of Wales [Catherine of Aragon (age 15)], and arrival in England. 305. The Licentiate Alcares to Queen Isabella (age 50).

The Princess of Wales embarked1 on Monday the 27th of September. At five o'clock in the afteroon the ship weighed anchor, and set sail. The weather was favourable at first, but changed after midnight. Continued their voyage until they were off Ushant [Map], without any great inconvenience. The winds were variable, but the sea was not rough. When they had passed Ushant [Map], however, they were overtaken by a most furious vendabal2, thunderstorms, and immense waves. Had a thunderstorm every four or five hours during the rest of the voyage. "It was impossible not to be frightened."

The following Saturday [02 Oct 1501], at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, the Princess entered the harbour of Plymouth [Map], which is the firston the coast of England. "She could not have been received with greater rejoicings, if she had been the Saviour of the world." As soon as she left the boat, she went in procession to the church [Plymouth Monastery [Map]], where, it is to be hoped, God gave her the possession of all these realms for such a period as would be long enough to enable her to enjoy life, and to leave heirs to the throne.—4th of October.

Addressed : "To the very powerful Queen of Spain, our excellent Lady." Spanish. Holograph, pp. 2.

Note 1. In Laredo [Map]

Note 2. "Viento de abajo" (wind from below), that is, according to Castilian phraseology, south wind.

Letters and Papers 1530. 01 Oct 1530. P. S. 6658. Anne Seyntleger (age 75) and Margaret Boleyn (age 76), Widows.

Livery of lands in Ireland as daughters and heirs of Thomas Earl of Ormond, deceased. Hampton Court [Map], 24 Sept. 22 Henry VIII. Del. Chelsea, 1 Oct.

Pat. 22 Henry VIII. p. 2, m. 8.

R.O. 2. Original patent of the preceding.

02 Oct 1530 Vit. B. XIII. 87 b. B. M. 6659.

As the beast, whom his correspondent knows, takes no account of his duty, nor of his own nor the King's honor, having no fear of deceiving or imposing on any one, I suggest that, for revenge, you should write to me, begging for the remainder of the money, mentioning my promises and your deserts, which were the chief cause of gaining friends for the King at Padua, and of the Paduan instrument, which the King highly values. You must also praise Simonetus, saying that Ambrose would have done nothing without him; and, without abuse of the Bishop, bewail his shabbiness. I will attest everything to the King from the relations of others. You must write to me two letters; one copy I will show to the man himself, and thus compel him to perform his promises, not without interest. If he does not do so soon, will take care that the King reads the other letter. The consequences will be more than perhaps you hoped. You may be sure that I will do what I can, either by myself or through friends. Venice, 2 Oct.

Letters and Papers 1535. 02 Oct 1535. R. O. 525. Sir Richard Graynfeld to Lord Lisle (age 71).

Came to the Court on Michaelmas eve, intending to take leave of the King and to have been with you on the 6 Oct.; but on taking my leave the King told me that Rensele desired to continue in his office. I told him I had paid him £400, and had his bond in 800 marks to surrender his patent by Bartholomew's Day; and I appealed to Master Secretary, who was called and spoke in my favor, and said this agreement was made before him. Dares not press the matter further till he knows the King's pleasure. Thinks that Edward Rensele has caused Norfolk and Master Treasurer to labor for him. Many think the writer has been wronged, insomuch that my lord of Norfolk, my lord Chamberlain, and Master Secretary called him before them, and promised he should not be injured. And Master Secretary said he would be as earnest in that matter with the King as ever he was, and that he would not leave his friend so. Does not fear of his succeeding, and will consider himself amply repaid for the great trouble he has had by being henceforth in Lisle's company. Hampton, Saturday after Michaelmas.

P.S.—It is said the King intends going on Monday to Porchester in your ship. Fitzgarret is committed to the Tower. My lord Leonard is returned into Ireland. "The King and the Queen (age 34) is merry and hawks daily, and likes Winchester and that quarter, and praises it much."

Hol., pp. 3. Add.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 02 Oct 1553. The ij day her grace (age 37) mayd lxxiiij knyghts [Note. the list has eighty-nine], the morowe after her crownnasyon, the wyche her be ther names folowyng: (not inserted by the Diarist)

Note. P. 46. Knights made the morrow after the Coronation. Their names were as follow, according to a list in the MS. Coll. Arm. I. 7. f. 74.

The morowe after the day of Coronation, beinge the seconde day of October, at the palys of Wystmister, were dobyd the knightes of the carpet foloinge in the presence of the quenes majestie in her chamber of presens under the clothe of estate by therl of Arundell, lord stuarde of the quenes housse, who had of her highnes commission to execute the same:

The lord Garratte, Sir Edward Walgrave, Sir Christofer Allen, The lord Borough, Sir John Bourne, secretary, Sir Richard Freston, The lord Dudley, Sir Raff Chamberlen, Sir William Kelloway, Sir Thomas Stanley, Sir John Tyrell, Sir Henry Garton, Sir Edmond Wyndsor, Sir John Hodlestone, Sir John Tregonell, Sir Henry Ratclyff, Sir Robert Peckham, Sir Ambrose Jermyn, Sir Thomas Hastings, Sir Harry Lea, Sir Leonard Chamberlen, Sir Thomas Gerarde, Sir Rychard Tate, Sir John Croftes, The lord chef baron, Sir Edmond Grene, Sir Edmond Mauleverer, The lord chef justyce, Sir Robart Lane, Sir Rychard Bruges, Sir George Gefforde, Sir Rychard Stapleton, Sir James FytzJames, Sir Thomas Packington, Sir William Damsell, Sir Thomas Verney, Sir Thomas Lovell, Sir John Chichester, Sir James Williams, Sir John Spencer, Sir Harry Crypes, Sir William Meringe, Sir William Fitzwilliam, Sir Thomas Palmer, Sir Edward Pylson, Sir Thomas Androus, Sir Henry Ashley, Sir Edward Fytton, Sir William Courtney, Sir Rychard Stranguishe, Sir William Warham, Sir William Gresley, Sir George Mathwe, Sir Thomas Whyte, lord, Sir Thomas Cave, Sir John Cotton, mayor, Sir Edward Lytelton, Sir John Pollarde, Sir Thomas Throgmerton, Sir Philip Parreys, Sir John Warburton, Sir Edward Grevell, Sir Thomas White, Sir John Fermer, Sir Henry Stafford, Sir Thomas Metham, Sir Thomas Berenger, Sir William Wygston, Sir Rychard Lasen, Sir John Constable, Sir Harry Jones, Sir Thomas Dawney, Sir George Stanley, Sir John Bruse, Sir Robart Wyngfelde, Sir Rouland Stanley, Sir Robart Whitney, Sir Thomas Knyvett, Sir Rauf Egerton, Sir Rychard Chudley, Sir Roger Woodhouse, Sir Rychard Molineux, Sir Thomas Baskerfelde, Sir Francis Stoner, Sir Thomas Heskett, Sir Thomas Tyndall, Sir John a Lye, Sir Thomas Wayman, Sir Rychard Wallwine.

The arms of these knights are beautifully tricked in the Cottonian MS. Claud. C. III. but they are differently arranged, and some made at other times are interspersed. On this authority some slight amendment of the orthography of the names has been made where it appeared necessary.

A commission dated 17 Oct. empowering the earl of Arundel "to make so many persons knightes, within the tyme of two daies next ensuinge the date hereof, as by us shall be named, or by hymselfe may be thoughte mete, so as he excede not in the hole the numbre of threescore," is printed in Rymer's Fœdera, vol. xv. p. 350: but qu. its date?

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Henry Machyn's Diary. 02 Oct 1554. The ij day of October was bered the nobull duke of Norffok at a plasse callyd Fremyngham chyrche [Map]; and ther was a goodly hersse of wax as I have sene in thes days, with a dosen of banerrolles of ys progene, and xij dosen penselles, xij dosen of kochyons, and with standard, and iij cotes of armes, and a baner of damaske, and iiij banars of emages, and mony mornars, and a gret dolle, and after gret dener. [For the furnishing of which dinner were killed forty great oxen and a hundred sheep, and sixty calves, besides venison, swans, and cranes, capons, rabbits, pigeons, pikes, and other provisions both flesh and fish. There was also great plenty of wine; and of bread and beer as great plenty as ever had been known, both for] ryche and pore: all the co[untry came thither; and] a grett dolle of money ther wher [bestowed upon the poorer sort;] for he was cared from (unfinished).

Note. P. 70. Funeral of the duke of Norfolk. The MS. Harl. 897 says the duke died at Kenyng hall on Monday the 27. of August, and was buried at Fremyngham on Monday the last of September. His funeral is in Coll. Arm, I. 3, f. 103.

On 02 Oct 1617 Isaac Oliver (age 52) was buried.

Diary of Anne Clifford 1619. 02 Oct 1619. The 2nd Kate Burton went away from serving me to her Father’s house in Sussex.

Upon the 2nd I began to think I was quick with child so as I told it to my Lord (age 30), my Sister Sackville, and my Sister Compton.

Pepy's Diary. 02 Oct 1662. Up and to the office, where we sat till noon, and then to dinner, and Mr. Moore came and dined with me, and after dinner to look over my Brampton papers, which was a most necessary work, though it is not so much to my content as I could wish. I fear that it must be as it can, and not as I would. He being gone I to my workmen again, and at night by coach towards Whitehall took up Mr. Moore and set him at my Lord's, and myself, hearing that there was a play at the Cockpit [Map] (and my Lord Sandwich (age 37), who came to town last night, at it), I do go thither, and by very great fortune did follow four or five gentlemen who were carried to a little private door in a wall, and so crept through a narrow place and come into one of the boxes next the King's, but so as I could not see the King (age 32) or Queene (age 52), but many of the fine ladies, who yet are really not so handsome generally as I used to take them to be, but that they are finely dressed. Here we saw "The Cardinall", a tragedy I had never seen before, nor is there any great matter in it. The company that came in with me into the box, were all Frenchmen that could speak no English, but Lord! what sport they made to ask a pretty lady that they got among them that understood both French and English to make her tell them what the actors said.

Pepy's Diary. 02 Oct 1663. So home to dinner with my wife, who is over head and eares in getting her house up, and so to the office, and with Mr. Lewes, late, upon some of the old victuallers' accounts, and so home to supper and to bed, up to our red chamber, where we purpose always to lie. This day I received a letter from Mr. Barlow, with a Terella1, which I had hoped he had sent me, but to my trouble I find it is to present from him to my Lord Sandwich (age 38), but I will make a little use of it first, and then give it him.

Note 1. Professor Silvanus P. Thompson, F.R.S., has kindly supplied me with the following interesting note on the terrella (or terella): The name given by Dr. William Gilbert, author of the famous treatise, "De Magnete" (Lond. 1600), to a spherical loadstone, on account of its acting as a model, magnetically, of the earth; compass-needles pointing to its poles, as mariners' compasses do to the poles of the earth. The term was adopted by other writers who followed Gilbert, as the following passage from Wm. Barlowe's "Magneticall Advertisements" (Lond. 1616) shows: "Wherefore the round Loadstone is significantly termed by Doct. Gilbert Terrella, that is, a little, or rather a very little Earth: For it representeth in an exceeding small model (as it were) the admirable properties magneticall of the huge Globe of the earth" (op. cit, p. 55). Gilbert set great store by his invention of the terrella, since it led him to propound the true theory of the mariners' compass. In his portrait of himself which he had painted for the University of Oxford he was represented as holding in his hand a globe inscribed terella. In the Galileo Museum in Florence there is a terrella twenty-seven inches in diameter, of loadstone from Elba, constructed for Cosmo de' Medici. A smaller one contrived by Sir Christopher Wren (age 39) was long preserved in the museum of the Royal Society (Grew's "Rarities belonging to the Royal Society", p. 364). Evelyn was shown "a pretty terrella described with all ye circles and skewing all y magnetic deviations" (Diary, July 3rd, 1655).

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Pepy's Diary. 02 Oct 1664. After church I walked to my Lady Sandwich's (age 39), through my Lord Southampton's (age 57) new buildings in the fields behind Gray's Inn; and, indeed, they are a very great and a noble work. So I dined with my Lady, and the same innocent discourse that we used to have, only after dinner, being alone, she asked me my opinion about Creed, whether he would have a wife or no, and what he was worth, and proposed Mrs. Wright for him, which, she says, she heard he was once inquiring after. She desired I would take a good time and manner of proposing it, and I said I would, though I believed he would love nothing but money, and much was not to be expected there, she said.

Pepy's Diary. 02 Oct 1664. Lord's Day. My wife not being well to go to church I walked with my boy through the City, putting in at several churches, among others at Bishopsgate, and there saw the picture usually put before the King's book, put up in the church, but very ill painted, though it were a pretty piece to set up in a church. I intended to have seen the Quakers, who, they say, do meet every Lord's day at the Mouth at Bishopsgate; but I could see none stirring, nor was it fit to aske for the place, so I walked over Moorefields [Map], and thence to Clerkenwell church, and there, as I wished, sat next pew to the fair Butler, who indeed is a most perfect beauty still; and one I do very much admire myself for my choice of her for a beauty, she having the best lower part of her face that ever I saw all days of my life.

Pepy's Diary. 02 Oct 1665. So took leave (Madam Williams being here also with my Lord (age 45)), and about 8 o'clock got to Woolwich, Kent [Map] and there supped and mighty pleasant with my wife, who is, for ought I see, all friends with her mayds, and so in great joy and content to bed.

Pepy's Diary. 02 Oct 1665. So to walk up and down the Cathedral [Map], and thence to the Crowne, whither Mr. Fowler, the Mayor of the towne, was come in his gowne, and is a very reverend magistrate. After I had eat a bit, not staying to eat with them, I went away, and so took horses and to Gravesend, Kent [Map], and there staid not, but got a boat, the sicknesse being very much in the towne still, and so called on board my Lord Bruncker (age 45) and Sir John Minnes (age 66), on board one of the East Indiamen at Erith, Kent, and there do find them full of envious complaints for the pillageing of the ships, but I did pacify them, and discoursed about making money of some of the goods, and do hope to be the better by it honestly.

Pepy's Diary. 02 Oct 1666. By and by the Committee met, and I walked out, and anon they rose and called me in, and appointed me to attend a Committee of them to-morrow at the office to examine our lists. This put me into a mighty fear and trouble; they doing it in a very ill humour, methought. So I away and called on my Lord Bruncker (age 46) to desire him to be there to-morrow, and so home, having taken up my wife at Unthanke's, full of trouble in mind to think what I shall be obliged to answer, that am neither fully fit, nor in any measure concerned to take the shame and trouble of this office upon me, but only from the inability and folly of the Comptroller that occasions it.

On 02 Oct 1666 Marie Anne Bourbon was born illegitimately to Louis "Sun King" XIV King France (age 28) and Louise de La Vallière (age 22).

Pepy's Diary. 02 Oct 1666. Up, and am sent for to Sir G. Carteret (age 56), and to him, and there he tells me how our lists are referred to a Sub-committee to consider and examine, and that I am ordered to be there this afternoon. So I away thence to my new bookbinder to see my books gilding in the backs, and then to White Hall to the House, and spoke to Sir W. Coventry (age 38), where he told me I must attend the Committee in the afternoon, and received some hints of more work to do. So I away to the 'Chequer, and thence to an alehouse, and found Mr. Falconbridge, and agreed for his kinswoman to come to me. He says she can dress my wife, and will do anything we would have her to do, and is of a good spirit and mighty cheerful. He is much pleased therewith, and so we shall be. So agreed for her coming the next week.

Evelyn's Diary. 02 Oct 1685. Having a letter sent me by Mr. Pepys (age 52) with this expression at the foote of it, "I have something to shew you that I may not have another time", and that I would not faile to dine with him, I accordingly went. After dinner he had me and Mr. Houblon (a rich and considerable merchant, whose father had fled out of Flanders on the persecution of the Duke of Alva) into a private roome, and told us that being lately alone with his Ma*, and upon some occasion of speaking concerning my late Lord Arlington dying a Roman Catholic, who had all along seem'd to profess himselfe a Protestant, taken all the tests, &c. till the day (I think) of his death, his Ma* sayd that as to his inclinations he had known him long wavering, but from feare of looseing his places he did not think it convenient to declare himself. There are, says the King, those who believe the Church of Rome gives dispensations for going to church, and many like things, but that is not so; for if that might have ben had, he himselfe had most reason to make use of it. Indeede, he said, as to some matrimonial cases, there are now and then dispensations, but hardly in any cases else. This familiar discourse encourag'd Mr. Pepys to beg of his Ma*, if he might ask it without offence, and for that his Ma* could not but observe how it was whisper'd among many, whether his late Ma* bad ben reconcil'd to ye Church of Rome; he againe humbly besought his Ma* to pardon his presumption if he had touch'd upon a thing which did not befit him to looke into: the King ingenuously told him that he both was and died a Roman Catholic, and that he had not long since declar'd it was upon some politic and state reasons, best known to himselfe (meaning the King his brother) but that he was of that persuasion: he bid him follow him into his closet, where opening a cabinet, he shew'd him two papers, containing about a quarter of a sheete, on both sides written, in the late King's owne hand, severall arguments opposite to the doctrine of the Church of England, charging her with heresy, novelty and ye fanaticism of other Protestants, the cheif whereof was, as I remember, our refusing to acknowledge the Primacy and Infallibility of the Church of Rome; how impossible it was that so many ages should never dispute it, till of late; how unlikely our Saviour would leave his Church without a visible head and guide to resort to, during his absence; with the like usual topics; so well penn'd as to the discourse as did by no means seeme to me to have ben put together by the late King, yet written all with his owne hand, blotted and interlin'd, so as, if indeede it was not given him by some priest, they might be such arguments and reasons as had ben inculcated from time to time, and here recollected; and in the conclusion shewing his looking on the Protestant Religion (and by name the Church of England) to be without foundation, and consequently false and unsafe. When his Ma* had shewn him these originals, he was pleas'd to lend him the copies of those two papers, attested at the bottome in 4 or 5 lines, under his owne hand.

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On 02 Oct 1750 Cecil Bisshopp 6th Baronet (age 49) wrote to Thomas Pelham Holles 1st Duke Newcastle-under-Lyme (age 57): "The last time I had the honour to be with your Grace ... you gave me leave to trouble you with a letter, in case an employment should become vacant ... I then mentioned ... superintendent of the royal brass foundries at Woolwich ... Tis a sinecure, and the salary £500 a year, and no more.".

On 02 Oct 1760 Garrett Wellesley 1st Earl Mornington (age 25) was created 1st Earl Mornington, 1st Viscount Wellesley of Dangan Castle by King George III of Great Britain and Ireland (age 22) in reward for his services to music and philanthropy. Anne Hill Countess Mornington (age 18) by marriage Countess Mornington.

After 02 Oct 1864. St Swithun's Church, Leadenham [Map]. Monument to General John Reeve of Leadenham House (deceased) and Susan Sherard (deceased).

General John Reeve of Leadenham House: On 28 Jul 1783 he was born to William Reeve of Leadenham and Millicent Mary King. In or before 1816 he and Susan Sherard were married. She the daughter of Philip Sherard 5th Earl Harborough. On 02 Oct 1864 he died.

Susan Sherard: On 01 Jul 1802 she was born to Philip Sherard 5th Earl Harborough. On 03 Sep 1864 Susan Sherard died.

On 02 Oct 1915 Ninian Edward Crichton-Stuart (age 32) was killed during the First World War.

On 02 Oct 1942 Captain William Palmer (age 30) was killed by a stray artillery shell during an army training exercise on the South Downs.

On 02 Oct 1975 Betty Ann Torrens Lady Wilbraham (age 68) died. Memorial at All Saints Church, Old Rode.

Betty Ann Torrens Lady Wilbraham: On 12 Dec 1906 she was born to William Matt Torrens of Hayes in Kent. On 26 Feb 1930 Randle John Baker Wilbraham 7th Baronet and she were married.

Births on the 2nd October

On 02 Oct 1452 Richard, the future King Richard III was born to Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke of York (age 41) and Cecily "Rose of Raby" Neville Duchess York (age 37) at Fotheringay Castle, Northamptonshire [Map]. He a great x 2 grandson of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 2.42%.

On 02 Oct 1470 Isabella Trastámara Duchess Milan was born to Alfonso II King Naples (age 21) and Ippolita Maria Sforza (age 24).

On 02 Oct 1591 Margherita Gonzaga Duchess Lorraine was born to Vincenzo Gonzaga III Duke Mantua (age 29) and Eleanor de Medici Duchess Mantua (age 24). Coefficient of inbreeding 6.51%.

On 02 Oct 1603 John Yonge 1st Baronet was born to Walter Yonge of Colyton and Jane Peryan.

On 02 Oct 1666 Marie Anne Bourbon was born illegitimately to Louis "Sun King" XIV King France (age 28) and Louise de La Vallière (age 22).

On 02 Oct 1730 Mary Bouverie Countess Shaftesbury was born to Jacob Bouverie 1st Viscount Folkestone (age 35) and Mary Clarke.

On 02 Oct 1731 Harriet Bouverie was born to Jacob Bouverie 1st Viscount Folkestone (age 36) and Mary Clarke.

On 02 Oct 1781 Charles Noel 1st Earl Gainsborough was born to Gerard Edwardes aka Noel 2nd Baronet (age 22) and Diana Middleton 2nd Baroness Barham (age 19).

On 02 Oct 1794 William Philipps 9th Baronet was born to John Philipps.

On 02 Oct 1796 Henry Chamberlain 2nd Baronet was born to Henry Orland Chamberlain 1st Baronet (age 23) and Elizabeth Harrod.

On 02 Oct 1799 Reverend Henry Montagu Browne was born to James Browne 2nd Baron Kilmaine (age 34).

On 02 Oct 1802 Jane Rebecca Vyner Lady Biddulph was born to Robert Vyner (age 37).

On 02 Oct 1803 Louisa Maddelena Lennox was born to Charles Lennox 4th Duke Richmond (age 39) and Charlotte Gordon Duchess Richmond (age 35). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 02 Oct 1806 Arthur Lennox was born to Charles Lennox 4th Duke Richmond (age 42) and Charlotte Gordon Duchess Richmond (age 38). He a great x 3 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 02 Oct 1851 Algernon Percy was born to Algernon George Percy 6th Duke Northumberland (age 41) and Louisa Drummond Duchess Northumberland.

On 02 Oct 1902 Alexander Montagu 10th Duke of Manchester was born to William Montagu 9th Duke Manchester (age 25) and Helena Zimmerman (age 24) at Tandragee Castle.

On 02 Oct 1905 Hugh Edwardes was born to Hugh Edwardes 6th and 3rd Baron Kensington (age 32).

On 02 Oct 1908 Ruth Sylvia Gill Baroness Fermoy was born.

On 02 Oct 1919 Henry Charles Bentinck 11th Earl of Portland was born to Robert Charles Bentinck (age 43) and Norah Ida Emily Noel (age 38). He a great x 3 grandson of King William IV of the United Kingdom.

On 02 Oct 1935 Mathew John Anthony Wilson 6th Baronet was born to Anthony Thomas Wilson (age 26).

On 02 Oct 1948 Carlos Fitz-James Stuart 19th Duke of Alba 12th Duke of Berwick was born to Luis Martínez de Irujo y Artázcoz (age 29) and María del Rosario Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart 18th Duchess of Alba 11th Duke of Berwick (age 22).

Marriages on the 2nd October

On 02 Oct 1386 John Montfort V Duke Brittany (age 47) and Joanna of Navarre Queen Consort England (age 16) were married at Saillé [Map]. She by marriage Duchess Brittany 1221 Dreux, Countess Richmond. His third marriage, her first. The marriage proceeded when her father Charles "Bad" II King Navarre (age 53) agreed to give his daughter 120,000 gold francs and to pay 6,000 francs owed to John, duke of Brittany, for the rent of certain lands. He, John, gave her the cities of Nantes [Map] and Guerrand [Map]. The difference in their ages was 31 years. She the daughter of Charles "Bad" II King Navarre and Joan Valois Queen Consort Navarre. They were second cousin twice removed. He a great x 2 grandson of King Henry III of England. She a great x 4 granddaughter of King Henry III of England.

Before 02 Oct 1471 Nicholas Griffin 8th Baron Latimer Braybrooke (age 45) and Mary aka Marina Bellers (age 55) were married.

On 02 Oct 1600 Thomas Beaumont 1st Viscount of Swords (age 18) and Elizabeth Sapcote (age 20) were married.

On 02 Oct 1607 James Stewart 3rd Earl of Moray (age 16) and Anne Gordon Countess Moray were married. She by marriage Countess Moray. She the daughter of George Gordon 1st Marquess Huntly (age 45) and Henrietta Stewart Marchioness Huntly (age 34). He the son of James "The Bonnie Earl" Stewart 2nd Earl of Moray and Elizabeth Stewart 2nd Countess Moray. They were half third cousin once removed. He a great x 3 grandson of King Henry VII of England and Ireland.

On 02 Oct 1734 Henry Harpur 5th Baronet (age 26) and Caroline Manners Lady Harpur and Burdett were married. She the daughter of John Manners 2nd Duke Rutland and Lucy Sherard Duchess Rutland (age 49).

On 02 Oct 1742 Francis Scott (age 21) and Caroline Campbell 1st Baroness Greenwich (age 24) were married. She the daughter of John Campbell 2nd Duke Argyll (age 61). He the son of Francis Scott 2nd Duke Buccleuch (age 47) and Jane Douglas. He a great x 2 grandson of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 02 Oct 1760 Lionel Tollemache 5th Earl Dysart (age 26) and Charlotte Walpole Countess Dysart (age 22) were married. He the son of Lionel Tollemache 4th Earl Dysart (age 52) and Grace Carteret Countess Dysart.

On 02 Oct 1800 William Pleydell-Bouverie 3rd Earl Radnor (age 21) and Catherine Pelham-Clinton (age 24) were married. He the son of Jacob Pleydell-Bouverie 2nd Earl Radnor (age 50) and Anne Duncombe Countess Radnor (age 42). She a great x 3 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

Before 02 Oct 1824 George John Milles 4th Baron Sondes of Lees Court (age 30) and Eleanor Knatchbull were married.

On 02 Oct 1861 John Simeon 3rd Baronet (age 46) and Catherine Dorothea Colville Lady Simeon were married. She by marriage Lady Simeon of Grazeley in Berkshire.

On 02 Oct 1878 Wilbraham Tollemache 2nd Baron Tollemache (age 46) and Mary Stuart Hamilton Baroness Tollemache (age 26) were married.

On 02 Oct 1878 Anthony Lucius Dawson 3rd Earl of Dartrey (age 23) and Mary Fitzgerald De Ros 24th Baroness Ros of Helmsley (age 24) were married. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland.

On 02 Oct 1917 Humphrey Edmund de Trafford 4th Baronet (age 25) and Cynthia Hilda Evelyn Cadogan (age 21) were married.

On 02 Oct 1923 Francis Dudley Leigh 3rd Baron Leigh (age 68) and Marie Campbell Baroness Leigh were married. She by marriage Baroness Leigh of Stoneleigh in Warwickshire.

Deaths on the 2nd October

On 02 Oct 939 Gilbert Reginarids I Duke Lorraine (age 49) died.

On 02 Oct 1394 Margaret Carew Baroness Grandison and Beauchamp died.

On 02 Oct 1484 Isabel York Countess Eu and Essex (age 75) died. She was buried at Beeleigh Abbey [Map].

Before 02 Oct 1617 Isaac Oliver (age 52) died.

On 02 Oct 1679 William Bowyer 1st Baronet (age 67) died. His son William Bowyer 2nd Baronet (age 40) succeeded 2nd Baronet Bowyer of Denham Court.

On 02 Oct 1710 Robert Needham 7th Viscount Kilmorey (age 27) died. His son Robert Needham 8th Viscount Kilmorey (age 8) succeeded 8th Viscount Kilmorey.

On 02 Oct 1783 Joseph Leeson 1st Earl of Milltown (age 82) died.

On 02 Oct 1786 Augustus Keppel 1st Viscount Keppel (age 61) died unmarried. Viscount Keppel of Elveden in Suffolk extinct.

On 02 Oct 1789 Francis Hastings 10th Earl Huntingdon (age 60) died unmarried at the home of his nephew Francis Rawdon-Hastings 1st Marquess Hastings (age 34). His fifth cousin once removed Theophilus Henry Hastings 11th Earl Huntingdon (age 60) de jure 11th Earl Huntingdon although he wasn't aware of the fact. His sister Elizabeth Hastings Countess Moira (age 58) succeeded 16th Baroness Botreaux, 15th Baroness Hungerford, 13th Baroness Moleyns and 13th Baroness Hastings

On 02 Oct 1889 Emily Frances Smith Duchess Beaufort (age 89) died.

On 02 Oct 1930 Edith Jane Morris Lady Colthurst (age 70) died.

On 02 Oct 1951 Mary Elizabeth Colebrooke Countess Strafford (age 88) died.

On 02 Oct 1960 Guy Colin Campbell 4th Baronet (age 75) died. His son Guy Theophilus Halswell Campbell 5th Baronet (age 50) succeeded 5th Baronet Campbell of St Cross Mede in Hampshire.

On 02 Oct 1975 Betty Ann Torrens Lady Wilbraham (age 68) died. Memorial at All Saints Church, Old Rode.

Betty Ann Torrens Lady Wilbraham: On 12 Dec 1906 she was born to William Matt Torrens of Hayes in Kent. On 26 Feb 1930 Randle John Baker Wilbraham 7th Baronet and she were married.