On this Day in History ... 18 March

18 Mar is in March.

978 Murder of King Edward Martyr

1190 Massacre of the Jews at Bury St Edmunds

1445 Richard of York meets Margaret of Anjou

1554 Wyatt's Rebellion Executions

1601 Essex Rebellion

Murder of King Edward Martyr

On 18 Mar 978 Edward "Martyr" I King England (age 16) was murdered at Corfe Castle [Map] when visiting King Æthelred "Unready" II of England (age 12) and his mother Aelfthryth Queen Consort England (age 33). He was buried in Wareham [Map] without ceremony. His brother King Æthelred "Unready" II of England (age 12) succeeded II King England.

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 978. This year was King Edward (age 16) slain, at eventide, at Corfe-gate [Map], on the fifteenth day before the calends of April. And he was buried at Wareham [Map] without any royal honour. No worse deed than this was ever done by the English nation since they first sought the land of Britain. Men murdered him but God has magnified him. He was in life an earthly king-he is now after death a heavenly saint. Him would not his earthly relatives avenge-but his heavenly father has avenged him amply. The earthly homicides would wipe out his memory from the earth-but the avenger above has spread his memory abroad in heaven and in earth. Those, Who would not before bow to his living body, now bow on their knees to His dead bones. Now we may conclude, that the wisdom of men, and their meditations, and their counsels, are as nought against the appointment of God. In this same year succeeded Ethelred Etheling (age 12), his brother, to the government; and he was afterwards very readily, and with great joy to the counsellors of England, consecrated king at Kingston [Map]. In the same year also died Alfwold, who was Bishop of Dorsetshire, and whose body lieth in the minster at Sherborn [Map].

Massacre of the Jews at Bury St Edmunds

On 18 Mar 1190 at Bury St Edmunds [Map] fifty-seven of the Jewish population were murdered.

On 18 Mar 1272 John Fitzalan 7th Earl Arundel (age 25) died. His son Richard Fitzalan 8th Earl Arundel (age 5) succeeded 8th Earl Arundel Sussex.

On 18 Mar 1395 John Holland 2nd Duke Exeter was born to John Holland 1st Duke Exeter (age 43) and Elizabeth Lancaster Duchess Exeter (age 32) at Dartington. He a great grandson of King Edward III of England.

Richard of York meets Margaret of Anjou

On 18 Mar 1445 Richard Plantagenet 3rd Duke York (age 33) met Margaret of Anjou (age 14) at Pontoise [Map] on his mission to bring her back to Endland for her marriage to King Henry VI of England and II of France (age 23).

Around 18 Mar 1453 John Scrope 4th Baron Scrope Masham (age 65) and Matilda Greystoke Baroness Scrope Masham (age 27) were married. She by marriage Baroness Scrope Masham. The difference in their ages was 38 years. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.

On 18 Mar 1496 Thomas Burgh 1st Baron Burgh (age 65) died. He was buried at Holy Trinity Church Gainsborough. His son Edward Burgh (age 33) was deemed insane so not summoned to Parliament; Baron Burgh extinct.

On 18 Mar 1508 Albert Wittelsbach IV Duke Bavaria (age 60) died. On 18 Mar 1508 His son William Wittelsbach IV Duke Bavaria (age 14) succeeded IV Duke Bavaria.

On 10 Mar 1538 Philip Hoby (age 33) arrived in Brussels with Hans Holbein The Younger (age 41) having been sent by Thomas Cromwell 1st Earl Essex (age 53) to procure a portrait of Christina Oldenburg Duchess Lorraine (age 16). King Henry VIII of England and Ireland (age 46) received the protrait on 18 Mar 1538 and was reported to have been pleased.

Diary of Edward VI. 18 Mar 1551. The lady Mary (age 35) my sister came to me to Whestmuster1, wheare after salutacions she was called with my counsel into a chambre, where was declared how long I had suffered her masse against my will2 in hope of her reconciliation, and how now, being no hope, wich I perceived by her lettres, except I saw some short amendement, I could not beare it. She answerid that her soul was God('s), and her faith she wold not chaung, nor dissemble hir opinion with contrary doinges. It was said I constrained not her faith, but willed her (not as a king to rule, but3) as a subject to obey. And that her esaumple might breed to much inconvenience.

Note 1. "The XV. day of March the lady Mary rode through London unto Saynt John's [at Clerkenwell], her place, with fifty knights and gentlemen in velvet coats and chains of gold afore her, and after her fourscore gentlemen and ladies, every one having a pair of beads of black. She rode through Chepeside and through Smithfield. The xvij. day [not 18 as in the King's Journal] my lady Mary rode from Saynt John's through Fleet-street unto the court at Westminster, with many noblemen, of lords and knights and gentlemen, and ladies and gentlewomen; and at the court-gate she alighted, and was received by mr. Wingtield, the comptroller of the King's house, and many lords and knights, and so she was brought through the hall into the chamber of presence, and so she tarried there, and had a goodly banquet, two hom-s. And soon after she took her horse and rode unto Saynt John's; and there she lay all night; and on the morrow her Grace rode to New hall in Essex; and there bided in grace, with honour, thanked be God and the King her brother." — Machyn's Diary, p. 5.

Note 2. These words are struck through with the King's pen.

Note 3. These words are inserted above the line.

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Wyatt's Rebellion Executions

Wriothesley's Chronicle. 18 Mar 1554. The xviii of Marche, beinge Palme Sunday, the Ladie Elizabeth (age 20) was had to the Tower from Westminster by water privelie, after the Queene (age 38) had gone a procession, which was about x of the clock in the forenoone.

The same Palme Sunday the old service after the use of Sarum in Latyn was begone agayne and kept in Paules and other parishes, within the Cittie of London, with allso bearinge of Palmes, and creepinge to the Crosse on Good Fridaye, with the Sepulcher lights and the Resurrection on Easter daye.

Allso the Scriptures written on Rood-lofts and about the churches in London, with the armes of England, was washed out againste the feast of Easter in moste parte of all the parishe churches of the diocesse of London. And Dr. Feknama was made Deane of Paules, and Dr. May putt owt, and the sacrament of the aulter hanged or sett on the aulter in everie parishe churche.

Note a. John Feckenham.

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Henry Machyn's Diary. 18 Mar 1554. The xviij day of Marche was kared to the Towre of London [Map] my lade Elsabeth('s) (age 20) grace, the quen('s) (age 38) syster, a-for none.

Essex Rebellion

On 18 Mar 1601 Charles Danvers (age 33) and Christopher Blount (age 36) was beheaded for their part in the Essex Rebellion.

On 18 Mar 1609 Frederick III King Denmark was born to Christian IV King Denmark (age 31).

On 18 Mar 1639 George Willoughby 7th Baron Willoughby was born to William Willoughby 6th Baron Willoughby (age 23) and Anne Carey Baroness Willoughby Parham (age 24) at Belvoir Castle [Map].

Before 18 Mar 1654 Charles Fairfax 5th Viscount Fairfax and Abigail Yate were married. She by marriage Viscountess Fairfax of Emley in Tipperary.

On 18 Mar 1675 Arthur Chichester 1st Earl Donegal (age 68) died. He was buried at St Nicholas' Church, Carrickfergus, County Antrim. His nephew Arthur Chichester 2nd Earl Donegal succeeded 2nd Earl Donegal, 3rd Viscount Chichester of Carrickfergus, 4th Baron Chichester of Belfast 2C 1625. Jane Ichyngham Countess Donegall by marriage Countess Donegal.

Before 18 Mar 1683 John Verney 1st Viscount Fermanagh (age 42) and Elizabeth Palmer were married.

On 18 Mar 1683 Ralph Verney 1st Earl Verney was born to John Verney 1st Viscount Fermanagh (age 42) and Elizabeth Palmer.

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Minutes of the Society of Antiquaries. 18 Mar 1719. Mr Vertue according to order having been at Kensington to view the copy of Holbein's picture of Henry the Eighth on the wall at Whitehall reports that the picture is about 4 foot long 3 foot broad wherein are the effigies of the King and his Queen, Henry VII and his Queen but the faces are so small that if it be reduced to a size fit for engraving he thinks it will not answer the intentions of the Society.

On 18 Mar 1745 Robert Walpole 1st Earl Orford (age 68) died. His son Robert Walpole 2nd Earl Orford (age 44) succeeded 2nd Earl Orford 2C 1742. Margaret Rolle Countess Orford (age 36) by marriage Countess Orford.

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On 18 Mar 1751 William Coventry 5th Earl Coventry (age 75) died. His son George Coventry 6th Earl Coventry (age 28) succeeded 6th Earl Coventry.

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On 18 Mar 1773 Ludovic Grant 7th Baronet (age 66) died. His son James Grant 5th Earl Seafield (age 34) succeeded 8th Baronet Grant of Colquhoun.

On 18 Mar 1791 John "Good Earl" Talbot 16th Earl of Shrewsbury was born to John Joseph Talbot (age 25) and Catherine Clifton (age 18).

On 18 Mar 1793 Thomas Woods Knollys 7th Earl Banbury (age 65) died. He was buried at Winchester Cathedral [Map]. His son William Knollys 8th Earl Banbury (age 30) de jure 8th Earl Banbury, 7th Viscount Wallingford, 7th Baron Knollys.

On 18 Mar 1809 Major-General Robert Wrey (age 88) was buried at St Peter's Church, Tawstock [Map]. Inscription: In Memory of ROBERT WREY Esqre Major General in the Portuguese Service, and Governor of CHAVES, departed this Life 18th Day of March 1809, aged 88 Years, Sincerely regretted by numerous Friends, and most by those who knew him best. Also of ANNE (age 84) his Wife, who was the Daughter of Dean MEAD of CORK, She died the 3rd Day of Novr 1813, at the advanced Age of Eighty Years, much beloved and respected.

Major-General Robert Wrey: On or before 13 Mar 1721 he was born to Bourchier Wrey 5th Baronet (age 39) and Diana Rolle (age 38). He was baptised at St Peter's Church, Tawstock on 13 Mar 1730. Coefficient of inbreeding 6.36%. In 1750 Major-General Robert Wrey (age 28) and Anne Meade (age 25) were married. Before 18 Mar 1809 Major-General Robert Wrey (age 88) died. This date may be wrong since it is the day of his burial?

Anne Meade: Around 1725 she was born to William Meade (age 39). On 03 Nov 1813 Anne Meade (age 88) died.

On 18 Mar 1843 William Montagu 5th Duke Manchester (age 71) died. His son George Montagu 6th Duke Manchester (age 43) succeeded 6th Duke Manchester, 9th Earl Manchester, 9th Viscount Mandeville, 9th Baron Montagu of Kimbolton. Millicent Sparrow Duchess Manchester (age 45) by marriage Duchess Manchester.

After 18 Mar 1853. St Peter and St Paul's Church, Rock [Map]. Memorial slab of Henry Lingen and his family.

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On 18 Mar 1913 George I King Greece (age 67) died. His son Constantine I King Greece (age 44) succeeded I King Greece. Sophia Hohenzollern Queen Consort Greece (age 42) by marriage Queen Consort Greece.

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On 18 Mar 1948 Brigadier-General Claude Berners Westmacott (deceased) was buried with full military honours at Church of St John Wall, Staffordshire [Map]. The Colonel of the Regiment, Brigadier B. C. S. Clarke, D.S.O., who was his Adjutant 1912-1914, together with Lieut.-Colonel L. G. H. Bryant, Commanding at Norton, represented the Regiment at the funeral. A bugler of the Regiment sounded the "Last Post" and "Reveille," and a beautiful wreath was sent by the Regiment.

On 18 Mar 1958 Thomas William Anson (age 45) died. He was buried at St Stephen's Church, Great Heywood [Map].

Thomas William Anson: In 1913 he was born to Thomas Edward Anson 4th Earl Lichfield (age 29) and Evelyn Maud Keppel Countess Lichfield (age 25). Before 25 Apr 1939 Thomas William Anson (age 26) and Anne Ferelith Bowes-Lyon (age 21) were married at St Margaret's Church, Westminster. The wedding was attended by the King (age 43) and Queen (age 38), Princesses Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom (age 13) and Princess Margaret (age 8) - see Pathe. He the son of Thomas Edward Anson 4th Earl Lichfield (age 55) and Evelyn Maud Keppel Countess Lichfield (age 52). In 25 Apr 1939 Thomas William Anson (age 26) and Anne Ferelith Bowes-Lyon (age 21) were divorced.

After 18 Mar 1963. All Saints Church, Sudbury [Map]. Monument to Francis William Lawrance Venables-Vernon 9th Baron Vernon (deceased) and his wife Violet Miriam Nightingale Clay Baroness Vernon (age 68).

Francis William Lawrance Venables-Vernon 9th Baron Vernon: In 1889 he was born to George William Henry Venables-Vernon 7th Baron Vernon (age 34) and Frances Margaret Lawrance Baroness Vernon. On 09 Feb 1915 Francis William Lawrance Venables-Vernon 9th Baron Vernon (age 26) and Violet Miriam Nightingale Clay Baroness Vernon (age 20) were married. On 11 Nov 1916 George Francis Augustus Venables-Vernon 8th Baron Vernon (age 28) died at Malta. His brother Francis William Lawrance Venables-Vernon 9th Baron Vernon (age 27) succeeded 9th Baron Vernon of Kinderton in Cheshire. Violet Miriam Nightingale Clay Baroness Vernon (age 21) by marriage Baroness Vernon of Kinderton in Cheshire. On 18 Mar 1963 Francis William Lawrance Venables-Vernon 9th Baron Vernon (age 74) died.

Violet Miriam Nightingale Clay Baroness Vernon: Around 1895 she was born to Colonel Charles Herbert Clay (age 18) and Violet Harriet Nightingale. On 28 Sep 1978 Violet Miriam Nightingale Clay Baroness Vernon (age 83) died.