On this Day in History ... 07 September

07 Sep is in September.

1361 Plague Outbreak

1533 Birth and Christening of Elizabeth I

1571 Ridolphi Plot

1642 Siege of Portsmouth

1665 Great Plague of London

1666 Great Fire of London

1704 Battle of Blenheim

On 07 Sep 781 Bishop Alchmund of Hexham died.

On 07 Sep 1312 Ferdinand IV King Castile IV King Leon (age 26) died. His son Alfonso "Avenger" XI King Castile (age 1) succeeded XI King Castile.

1361 Plague Outbreak

On 07 Sep 1384 John Harsick III died. Brass in Church of St George, South Acre [Map] of John Harsick III and his wife Catherine Calthorpe holding hands. Great Helm with Feathers. Camail and Jupon Period. His coat of arms Harsick. Her showing Harsick Arms impaled with Calthorp Arms. At his feet a lion couchant, at hers a dog couchant. Inscription: Hic iacet Dns. Johes. Harsick Miles eiusoem Nominis tertius, qui obiit Serto die Septembris Ano Dni. Mccclxxxiv. cuius anime propicictur Deus Amen, et Domina Katherina Uxor.

Before 07 Sep 1391 William Botreaux 1st Baron Botreaux (age 54) died. On 07 Sep 1391 His son William Botreaux 2nd Baron Botreaux (age 24) succeeded 2nd Baron Botreaux 1368.

On 07 Sep 1394 Adolph La Marck Archbishop Cologne (age 60) died.

On 07 Sep 1395 Reginald West 6th Baron De La Warr 3rd Baron West was born to Thomas West 1st Baron West (age 30) and Joan Ware Baroness West

On 07 Sep 1405 James Butler 3rd Earl Ormonde (age 46) died. His son James "White Earl" Butler 4th Earl Ormonde (age 12) succeeded 4th Earl Ormonde 1C 1328.

On 07 Sep 1423 Bertrand IV Count Auvergne (age 63) died. His son Bertrand Auvergne V Count Auvergne (age 33) succeeded V Count Auvergne.

Birth and Christening of Elizabeth I

Wriothesley's Chronicle. 07 Sep 1533. Memorandum, the viith daie of September, 1533, being Sonndaie, Queene Anne (age 32) was brought to bedd of a faire daughterc at three of the clocke in the after noune;d and the morrowe after, being the daie of the Nativitie of Our Ladie, Te Deum was songe solempnlie at Powles, the Major and Aldermen being present, with the head craftes of the Cittie of London.

Note c. The Princess Elizabeth, afterwards Queen of England.

Note d. Between three and four of the clock at afternoon. — Stow, p. 569.

On 07 Sep 1533 Queen Elizabeth I of England and Ireland was born to Henry VIII (age 42) and Queen Anne Boleyn of England (age 32).

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On 07 Sep 1533 Charles Brandon 1st Duke of Suffolk (age 49) and Catherine Willoughby Duchess Suffolk (age 14) were married. She by marriage Duchess Suffolk. The difference in their ages was 35 years.

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On 07 Sep 1558 Bishop James Brooks (age 46) died.

Ridolphi Plot

On 07 Sep 1571 Thomas Howard 4th Duke of Norfolk (age 35) was imprisoned at Tower of London [Map] for his involvement in the Ridolphi Plot.NOTEXT

Around Sep 1571 William Brooke 10th Baron Cobham (age 43) was implicated in the Ridolphi Plot and imprisoned at home for months.

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On 07 Sep 1628 William Courtenay 5th Earl Devon was born to Francis Courtenay 4th Earl Devon (age 52) and Mary Pole (age 42).

On 07 Sep 1637 Philip Wharton 4th Baron Wharton (age 24) and Jane Goodwin Baroness Wharton (age 19) were married. She by marriage Baroness Wharton.

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Siege of Portsmouth

Between 10 Aug 1642 and 07 Sep 1642 Portsmouth [Map] was besieged by Parliamentary forces.

Evelyn's Diary. 07 Sep 1651. I went to visit Mr. Hobbes (age 63), the famous philosopher of Malmesbury, Wiltshire [Map], with whom I had long acquaintance. From his window we saw the whole equipage and glorious cavalcade of the young French Monarch, Louis XIV (age 13), passing to Parliament, when first he took the kingly government on him, now being in his 14th year, out of his minority and the Queen Regent's (age 49) pupilage. First came the captain of the King's Aids, at the head of 50, richly liveried; next, the Queen-Mother's Light Horse, 100, the lieutenant being all over covered with embroidery and ribbons, having before him four trumpets habited in black velvet, full of lace, and casques of the same. Then, the King's Light Horse, 200, richly habited, with four trumpets in blue velvet embroidered with gold, before whom rode the Count d'Olonne coronet [cornet], whose belt was set with pearl. Next went the grand Prévôt's company on foot, with the Prévôt on horseback; after them, the Swiss in black velvet toques, led by two gallant cavaliers habited in scarlet-colored satin, after their country fashion, which is very fantastic; he had in his cap a pennach of heron, with a band of diamonds, and about him twelve little Swiss boys, with halberds. Then, came the Aide des Cérémonies; next, the grandees of court, governors of places and lieutenants-general of provinces, magnificently habited and mounted; among whom I must not forget the Chevalier Paul, famous for many sea-fights and signal exploits there, because it is said he had never been an Academist, and yet governed a very unruly horse, and besides his rich suit his Malta Cross was esteemed at 10,000 crowns. These were headed by two trumpets, and the whole troop, covered with gold, jewels, and rich caparisons, were followed by six trumpets in blue velvet also, preceding as many heralds in blue velvet semée with fleurs-de-lis, caduces in their hands, and velvet caps on their heads; behind them, came one of the masters of the ceremonies; then, divers marshals and many of the nobility, exceeding splendid; behind them Count d'Harcourt, grand Ecuyer, alone, carrying the King's sword in a scarf, which he held up in a blue sheath studded with fleurs-de-lis; his horse had for reins two scarfs of black taffeta.

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On 07 Sep 1656 Robert Molesworth 1st Viscount Molesworth was born to Robert Molesworth posthumously two days after his father's death.

Great Plague of London

Evelyn's Diary. 07 Sep 1665. Came home, there perishing near 10,000 poor creatures weekly; however, I went all along the city and suburbs from Kent Street to St James', a dismal passage, and dangerous to see so many coffins exposed in the streets, now thin of people; the shops shut up, and all in mournful silence, not knowing whose turn might be next. I went to the Duke of Albemarle (age 56) for a pest-ship, to wait on our infected men, who were not a few. See Great Plague of London.

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Pepy's Diary. 07 Sep 1665. Up by 5 of the clock, mighty full of fear of an ague, but was obliged to go, and so by water, wrapping myself up warm, to the Tower [Map], and there sent for the Weekely Bill, and find 8,252 dead in all, and of them 6,878 of the plague; which is a most dreadfull number, and shows reason to fear that the plague hath got that hold that it will yet continue among us.

Evelyn's Diary. 07 Sep 1666. Still, the plague continuing in our parish, I could not, without danger, adventure to our church.

Great Fire of London

Evelyn's Diary. 07 Sep 1666. I went this morning on foot from Whitehall [Map] as far as London Bridge [Map], through the late Fleet Street [Map], Ludgate hill by St. Paul's [Map], Cheapside [Map], Exchange, Bishops-gate [Map], Aldersgate Ward, and out to Moorfields [Map], thence through Cornhill [Map], etc., with extraordinary difficulty, clambering over heaps of yet smoking rubbish, and frequently mistaking where I was; the ground under my feet so hot, that it even burnt the soles of my shoes. In the meantime, his Majesty (age 36) got to the Tower [Map] by water, to demolish the houses about the graff, which, being built entirely about it, had they taken fire and attacked the White Tower [Map], where the magazine of powder lay, would undoubtedly not only have beaten down and destroyed all the bridge, but sunk and torn the vessels in the river, and rendered the demolition beyond all expression for several miles about the country.

Evelyn's Diary. 07 Sep 1666. At my return, I was infinitely concerned to find that goodly Church, St. Paul's [Map] - now a sad ruin, and that beautiful portico (for structure comparable to any in Europe, as not long before repaired by the late King) now rent in pieces, flakes of large stones split asunder, and nothing remaining entire but the inscription in the architrave showing by whom it was built, which had not one letter of it defaced! It was astonishing to see what immense stones the heat had in a manner calcined, so that all the ornaments, columns, friezes, capitals, and projectures of massy Portland stone, flew off, even to the very roof, where a sheet of lead covering a great space (no less than six acres by measure) was totally melted. The ruins of the vaulted roof falling, broke into St. Faith's [Map], which being filled with the magazines of books belonging to the Stationers, and carried thither for safety, they were all consumed, burning for a week following. It is also observable that the lead over the altar at the east end was untouched, and among the divers. Monuments the body of one bishop remained entire. Thus lay in ashes that most venerable church, one of the most ancient pieces of early piety in the Christian world, besides near one hundred more. The lead, ironwork, bells, plate, etc., melted, the exquisitely wrought Mercers' Chapel, the sumptuous Exchange [Map], the august fabric of Christ Church [Map], all the rest of the Companies' Halls, splendid buildings, arches, entries, all in dust; the fountains dried up and ruined, while the very waters remained boiling; the voragos of subterranean cellars, wells, and dungeons, formerly warehouses, still burning in stench and dark clouds of smoke; so that in five or six miles traversing about I did not see one load of timber unconsumed, nor many stones but what were calcined white as snow.

Pepy's Diary. 07 Sep 1666. Up by five o'clock; and, blessed be God! find all well, and by water to Paul's Wharfe. Walked thence, and saw, all the towne burned, and a miserable sight of Paul's church [Map]; with all the roofs fallen, and the body of the quire fallen into St. Fayth's [Map]; Paul's school also, Ludgate, and Fleet-street [Map], my father's house, and the church, and a good part of the Temple [Map] the like.

Pepy's Diary. 07 Sep 1666. So to Creed's lodging, near the New Exchange, and there find him laid down upon a bed; the house all unfurnished, there being fears of the fire's coming to them. There borrowed a shirt of him, and washed. To Sir W. Coventry (age 38), at St. James's, who lay without curtains, having removed all his goods; as the King (age 36) at White Hall, and every body had done, and was doing. He hopes we shall have no publique distractions upon this fire, which is what every body fears, because of the talke of the French having a hand in it. And it is a proper time for discontents; but all men's minds are full of care to protect themselves, and save their goods: the militia is in armes every where. Our fleetes, he tells me, have been in sight one of another, and most unhappily by fowle weather were parted, to our great losse, as in reason they do conclude; the Dutch being come out only to make a shew, and please their people; but in very bad condition as to stores; victuals, and men. They are at Bullen [Map]; and our fleete come to St. Ellen's. We have got nothing, but have lost one ship, but he knows not what.

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Evelyn's Diary. 07 Sep 1666. The people, who now walked about the ruins, appeared like men in some dismal desert, or rather, in some great city laid waste by a cruel enemy; to which was added the stench that came from some poor creatures' bodies, beds, and other combustible goods. Sir Thomas Gresham's statue, though fallen from its niche in the Royal Exchange [Map], remained entire, when all those of the Kings since the Conquest were broken to pieces. Also the standard in Cornhill [Map], and Queen Elizabeth's effigies, with some arms on Ludgate, continued with but little detriment, while the vast iron chains of the city streets, hinges, bars, and gates of prisons, were many of them melted and reduced to cinders by the vehement heat. Nor was I yet able to pass through any of the narrow streets, but kept the widest; the ground and air, smoke and fiery vapor, continued so intense, that my hair was almost singed, and my feet insufferably surbated. The by-lanes and narrow streets were quite filled up with rubbish; nor could one have possibly known where he was, but by the ruins of some Church, or Hall, that had some remarkable tower, or pinnacle remaining.

Evelyn's Diary. 07 Sep 1666. I then went towards Islington [Map] and Highgate, where one might have seen 200,000 people of all ranks and degrees dispersed, and lying along by their heaps of what they could save from the fire, deploring their loss; and, though ready to perish for hunger and destitution, yet not asking one penny for relief, which to me appeared a stranger sight than any I had yet beheld. His Majesty (age 36) and Council indeed took all imaginable care for their relief, by proclamation for the country to come in, and refresh them with provisions.

Pepy's Diary. 07 Sep 1666. So home, and did give orders for my house to be made clean; and then down to Woolwich [Map], and there find all well: Dined, and Mrs. Markham come to see my wife. So I up again, and calling at Deptford [Map] for some things of W. Hewer's (age 24), he being with me, and then home and spent the evening with Sir R. Ford (age 52), Mr. Knightly, and Sir W. Pen (age 45) at Sir W. Batten's (age 65): This day our Merchants first met at Gresham College, which, by proclamation, is to be their Exchange [Map]. Strange to hear what is bid for houses all up and down here; a friend of Sir W. Rider's: having £150 for what he used to let for £40 per annum. Much dispute where the Custome-house shall be thereby the growth of the City again to be foreseen. My Lord Treasurer (age 59), they say, and others; would have it at the other end of the towne. I home late to Sir W. Pen's (age 45), who did give me a bed; but without curtains or hangings, all being down. So here I went the first time into a naked bed, only my drawers on; and did sleep pretty well: but still hath sleeping and waking had a fear of fire in my heart, that I took little rest. People do all the world over cry out of the simplicity of my Lord Mayor in generall; and more particularly in this business of the fire, laying it all upon' him. A proclamation1 is come out for markets to be kept at Leadenhall [Map] and Mileendgreene [Map], and several other places about the towne; and Tower-hill [Map], and all churches to be set open to receive poor people.

Note 1. On September 5th proclamation was made "ordering that for supply of the distressed people left destitute by the late dreadful and dismal fire.... great proportions of bread be brought daily, not only to the former markets, but to those lately ordained; that all churches, chapels, schools, and public buildings are to be open to receive the goods of those who know not how to dispose of them". On September 6th, proclamation ordered "that as the markets are burned down, markets be held in Bishopsgate Street, Tower Hill [Map], Smithfield [Map], and Leadenhall Street [Map]" (Calendar of State Papers, 1666-67, pp. 100, 104).

Evelyn's Diary. 07 Sep 1666. In the midst of all this calamity and confusion, there was, I know not how, an alarm begun that the French and Dutch, with whom we were now in hostility, were not only landed, but even entering the city. There was, in truth, some days before, great suspicion of those two nations joining; and now that they had been the occasion of firing the town. This report did so terrify, that on a sudden there was such an uproar and tumult that they ran from their goods, and, taking what weapons they could come at, they could not be stopped from falling on some of those nations whom they casually met, without sense or reason. The clamor and peril grew so excessive, that it made the whole Court amazed, and they did with infinite pains and great difficulty, reduce and appease the people, sending troops of soldiers and guards, to cause them to retire into the fields again, where they were watched all this night. I left them pretty quiet, and came home sufficiently weary and broken. Their spirits thus a little calmed, and the affright abated, they now began to repair into the suburbs about the city, where such as had friends, or opportunity, got shelter for the present to which his Majesty's (age 36) proclamation also invited them.

On 07 Sep 1681 Michael Honywood (age 84) died. He has a memorial at Lincoln Cathedral [Map].

Michael Honywood: On 01 Oct 1596 he was born to Robert Honywood (age 22) and Elizabeth Browne. On 12 Oct 1660 Michael Honywood (age 64) was installed as Dean of Lincoln.

After 07 Sep 1698 Peter Plunkett 4th Earl of Fingall (age 20) and Frances Hales Countess Fingall were married. He the son of Luke Plunkett 3rd Earl of Fingall and Margaret Maccarthy Countess Fingall.

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1704 Battle of Blenheim

Evelyn's Diary. 07 Sep 1704. This day was celebrated the thanksgiving for the late great victory, with the utmost pomp and splendor by the Queen (age 39), Court, great Officers, Lords Mayor, Sheriffs, Companies, etc. The streets were scaffolded from Temple Bar, where the Lord Mayor presented her Majesty with a sword, which she returned. Every company was ranged under its banners, the city militia without the rails, which were all hung with cloth suitable to the color of the banner. The Lord Mayor, Sheriffs, and Aldermen were in their scarlet robes, with caparisoned horses; the Knight Marshal on horseback; the Foot-Guards; the Queen (age 39) in a rich coach with eight horses, none with her but the Duchess of Marlborough (age 44) in a very plain garment, the Queen (age 39) full of jewels. Music and trumpets at every city company. The great officers of the Crown, Nobility, and Bishops, all in coaches with six horses, besides innumerable servants, went to St. Paul's, where the Dean preached. After this, the Queen (age 39) went back in the same order to St. James's. The city companies feasted all the Nobility and Bishops, and illuminated at night. Music for the church and anthems composed by the best masters. The day before was wet and stormy, but this was one of the most serene and calm days that had been all the year.

On 07 Sep 1704 John Hope 2nd Earl Hopetoun was born to Charles Hope 1st Earl Hopetoun (age 23) and Henrietta Johnstone (age 21).

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On 07 Sep 1728 Henry Clinton 7th Earl Lincoln (age 44) died. His son George Clinton 8th Earl Lincoln (age 10) succeeded 8th Earl Lincoln 8C 1572.

On 07 Sep 1759 Edward Richard 8th Earl Warwick 5th Earl Holland (age 64) died without male issue. Earl Warwick 3C 1618 and Earl Holland extinct. He was buried at St Mary Abbots Church, Kensington.

On 07 Sep 1761 James Lowther 1st Earl Lonsdale (age 25) and Mary Stuart Countess Lonsdale (age 20) were married. She the daughter of John Stuart 3rd Earl Bute (age 48) and Mary Wortley-Montagu Countess Bute (age 43).

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On 07 Sep 1801 Arthur Hill 2nd Marquess Downshire (age 48) committed suicide suspected to be as a consequence of his political life. His son Arthur Blundell Sandys Trumbull Hill 3rd Marquess Downshire (age 12) succeeded 3rd Marquess Downshire.

On 07 Sep 1824 William Neville 4th Earl Abergavenny (age 32) and Caroline Leeke Countess Abergavenny were married. He the son of Henry Neville 2nd Earl Abergavenny (age 69) and Mary Robinson Countess Abergavenny.

On 07 Sep 1825 Orlando Bridgeman 1st Earl Bradford (age 63) died. His son George Bridgeman 2nd Earl Bradford (age 35) succeeded 2nd Earl Bradford 2C 1815, 3rd Baron Bradford in Shropshire, 7th Baronet Bridgeman of Great Lever in Lancashire. Georgina Elizabeth Moncrieffe Countess Bradford (age 35) by marriage Countess Bradford.

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On 07 Sep 1863 John Baring 2nd Baron Revelstoke was born to Edward Baring 1st Baron Revelstoke (age 35) and Louisa Emily Charlotte Bulteel Baroness Revelstoke (age 24).

On 07 Sep 1869 George Cecil Orlando Bridgeman 4th Earl Bradford (age 24) and Ida Frances Annabella Lumley Countess Bradford (age 20) were married. She the daughter of Richard Lumley 9th Earl Scarborough (age 56) and Adeliza Drummond Countess Scarborough. He the son of Orlando Bridgeman 3rd Earl Bradford (age 50) and Selina Weld-Forester Countess Bradford. They were second cousin once removed.

After 07 Sep 1883. Memorial to Isabella Irby Countess Orkney (deceased) at St Nicholas Church, Whiston [Map].

Isabella Irby Countess Orkney: On 11 Mar 1807 she was born to George Irby 3rd Baron Boston (age 29) and Rachel Ives Drake Baroness Boston (age 24). On 14 Mar 1826 Thomas Fitzmaurice 5th Earl Orkney (age 22) and Isabella Irby Countess Orkney (age 19) were married. On 30 Dec 1831 Mary O'Brien 4th Countess Orkney (age 76) died. Her grandson Thomas Fitzmaurice 5th Earl Orkney (age 28) succeeded 5th Earl Orkney 3C 1696. Isabella Irby Countess Orkney (age 24) by marriage Countess Orkney. On 07 Sep 1883 Isabella Irby Countess Orkney (age 76) died.

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After 07 Sep 1933. Church of the Holy Trinity Embleton [Map]. Memorial to Edward Grey 1st Viscount Fallodon (deceased) and Dorothy Widdrington.

Dorothy Widdrington: She was born to S F Widdrington of Newton Hall in Northumberland. In 1885 Edward Grey 1st Viscount Fallodon (age 22) and she were married. In Feb 1906 she died in a road accident.