On 20 Jul 1101 Robert Curthose III Duke Normandy (age 50) landed at Portsmouth, Hampshire [Map].

On 13 Jun 1222 Eleanor Fair Maid of Brittany (age 38) was imprisoned at Gloucester Castle, Gloucestershire [Map] where she remained until 20 Jul 1223.

Letters and Papers 1528. 20 Jul 1520. R.O. 4534. Henry Duke of Richmond (age 1) to Henry VIII (age 29).

I have received your letters and the goodly apparel you sent me by Master Magnus, director of my council. According to the purport of your said letters, I shall apply myself to learning, and proceed in virtue. Sheriffhutton [Map], 20 July.

On 20 Jul 1542 King Henry VIII of England and Ireland (age 51) purchased the premises at Stanmore, with a windmill, lands in Great and Little Stanmore and Harrow, others in Essex, and also the "premises in the parish of St Sepulchre in the ward of Faryngton Without" from Geoffrey Chamber of Stanmore in Middlesex -1550.

Holinshed's Chronicle 1545. 20 Jul 1545. The twentith of Iulie, the whole nauie of the Englishmen made out, & purposed to set on the Frenchmen, but in setting forward, thorough too much follie, one of the kings ships called the Marie Rose was drowned in the middest of the hauen, by reason that she was ouerladen with ordinance, and had the ports left open, which were verie low, and the great artillerie vnbreeched; so that when the ship should turne, the water entered, and suddenlie she suncke. In hir was sir George Carew knight and foure hundred soldiours vnder his guiding. There escaped not past fortie persons of all the whole number. On the morrow after about two thousand of the Frenchmen landed in the Ile of Wight, where one of their chiefe capteins named le cheualier Daux, a Prouencois was slaine with manie other, and the residue with losse and shame driuen backe againe to their gallies.

Diary of Edward VI. 20 Jul 1550. Houper (age 55) was made bishop of Gloucestre.³

Note 3. The letters patent nominating John Hoper (age 55), S. T. Prof, to the bishopric of Gloucester, dated the 3d July, are printed in Rymer, xv. 240.

Diary of Edward VI. 20 Jul 1550. The marchauntes were commaundid to stay as much as thei could ther vent into Flaundres, bicaus th'emperour had made many straight lawes against them that professed the gospel.

Wriothesley's Chronicle 20 Jul 1554. 20 Jul 1554. Fryday the xx^th of Julie tydinges came to the Lord Mayre payne that the Prince of Spayne (age 27) was come into Englande, and landed at Southampton, Hampshire [Map] this daye, and came with viii^xx sayle of Spanish shippes well appoynted, beside the navie of Flaunders and the Queens navie, which were to the number of lx [60] shippes and more, Lord Wm. Howarde, Lord Admirall of England (age 44), conductinge them, after they came into the costes of Englande.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 20 Jul 1559. The xx day of July the good old the bysshope of D[urham] (age 85) cam rydyng to London with iijxx [60] hors, and so to Sowth[wark] unto master Dolman('s) howsse, a talowchandler, and ther he lys aganst the chene gatte.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 20 Jul 1561. The xx day of July was bered in Westmynster abbay [Map] master Bylle (deceased) dene of Westmynster abbay and master of Etton and master (of sant John's) college in Cambryge, and cheyffe amner [almoner] to the quen('s) (age 27) grace.

Note. P. 264. Burial of [William] Bill, dean of Westminster. His sepulchral brass remains in the abbey, and has been engraved, as also a portrait derived from it, for the series of portraits of the deans of Westminster which accompany their lives in Neale and Brayley's History of Westminster Abbey. See also an engraving in Dart, i. 101.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 20 Jul 1562. The sam nyght was the Mercers' soper, and ther sopy[d my] lord of Penbroke (age 61) and (unfinished)

Diary of Anne Clifford 1617. 20 Jul 1617. The 20th I wrote letters into Westmoreland and sent a bow’d angel to Hugh Hartley’s wife and to Lady Lothera pair of Willoughby’s gloves.

The same night Dr Donne came hither.

Autobiography Simon D'Ewes. 20 Jul 1623. Notwithstanding the Spaniards never intended Prince Charles should marry the Infanta Maria, their King's sister, yet did they not only abuse his Highness, thereby feeding his expectations with fair promises, but the King his father at home also, by sending articles of the conclusion of it, to which his Majesty took a solemn oath in the chapel at Whitehall, on Sunday, the 20th day of July, in the presence of the Marquis of Mendoza, the extraordinary ambassador of Spain, lately come to London, and Coloma, the ordinary ambassador of the same state, who succeeding in the place of the Count Gondomar (age 95), in May, 1622, had continued in England ever since. This act confirned all men's fears and doubts that the match would now succeed¹; which was further confirmed also, not only by the innumerable false rumours the Papists or Pseudo-Catholics daily spread of the time and manner of the celebration of it, but also from the King's own credulity, who took daily care for the royal entertainment and welcome of his daughter-in-law, for whose conveyance into England he had sent a royal fleet.

Note 1. "The grandees of Spain, Willl load Charles's wain, With the richest rubies that be; And God knows what pearl Will be given the girl By the ladies of highest degree. "And some men do say The Dutchmen must pay A great sum to make matters even; So shall we have gold, More than London will hold, Were the walls built as high as the heaven." Satirical Ballad, Harl. MS.

On 20 Jul 1642 William Cavendish 3rd Earl Devonshire (age 24) was expelled from the House of Lords for having refused to come to the bar to answer charges of high crimes and misdemeanors. He left England, and his estates were sequestrated.

Pepy's Diary. 20 Jul 1664. Up, and a while to my office, and then home with Deane (age 30) till dinner, discoursing upon the business of my Chancellor's (age 55) timber in Clarendon Parke, and how to make a report therein without offending him; which at last I drew up, and hope it will please him. But I would to God neither I nor he ever had had any thing to have done with it! Dined together with a good pig, and then out by coach to White Hall, to the Committee for Fishing; but nothing done, it being a great day to-day there upon drawing at the Lottery of Sir Arthur Slingsby (age 41). I got in and stood by the two Queenes [Note. Catherine of Braganza Queen Consort England (age 25) and Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England (age 54) ] and the Duchesse of Yorke (age 27), and just behind my Baroness Castlemayne (age 23), whom I do heartily adore; and good sport it was to see how most that did give their ten pounds did go away with a pair of globes only for their lot, and one gentlewoman, one Mrs. Fish, with the only blanke. And one I staid to see drew a suit of hangings valued at £430, and they say are well worth the money, or near it. One other suit there is better than that; but very many lots of three and fourscore pounds. I observed the King (age 34) and Queenes (age 54) did get but as poor lots as any else. But the wisest man I met with was Mr. Cholmley (age 31), who insured as many as would, from drawing of the one blank for 12d.; in which case there was the whole number of persons to one, which I think was three or four hundred. And so he insured about 200 for 200 shillings, so that he could not have lost if one of them had drawn it, for there was enough to pay the £10; but it happened another drew it, and so he got all the money he took.

Pepy's Diary. 20 Jul 1665. This afternoon I waited on the Duke of Albemarle (age 56), and so to Mrs. Croft's, where I found and saluted Mrs. Burrows, who is a very pretty woman for a mother of so many children. But, Lord! to see how the plague spreads. It being now all over King's Streete, at the Axe, and next door to it, and in other places.

Pepy's Diary. 20 Jul 1665. So down to Deptford, Kent [Map] and there dined, and after dinner saw my Lady Sandwich (age 40) and Mr. Carteret (age 24) and his two sisters over the water, going to Dagenhams, and my Baroness Carteret (age 63) towards Cranburne¹. So all the company broke up in most extraordinary joy, wherein I am mighty contented that I have had the good fortune to be so instrumental, and I think it will be of good use to me.

Note 1. The royal lodge of that name in Windsor Forest, occupied by Sir George Carteret (age 55) as Vice-Chamberlain to the King (age 35). B.

Pepy's Diary. 20 Jul 1665. So home to write letters late, and then home to bed, where I have not lain these 3 or 4 nights. I received yesterday a letter from my Lord Sandwich (age 39), giving me thanks for my care about their marriage business, and desiring it to be dispatched, that no disappointment may happen therein, which I will help on all I can.

Pepy's Diary. 20 Jul 1666. Up, and finding by a letter late last night that the fleete is gone, and that Sir W. Pen (age 45) is ordered to go down to Sheernesse [Map], and finding him ready to go to St. James's this morning, I was willing to go with him to see how things go¹, and so with him thither (but no discourse with the Duke), but to White Hall, and there the Duke of York (age 32) did bid Sir W. Pen (age 45) to stay to discourse with him and the King (age 36) about business of the fleete, which troubled me a little, but it was only out of envy, for which I blame myself, having no reason to expect to be called to advise in a matter I understand not. So I away to Lovett's, there to see how my picture goes on to be varnished (a fine Crucifix)², which will be very fine; and here I saw some fine prints, brought from France by Sir Thomas Crew (age 42), who is lately returned.

Note 1. Sir William Pen's (age 45) instructions from the Duke of York (age 32) directing him to embark on his Majesty's yacht "Henrietta", and to see to the manning of such ships has had been left behind by the fleet, dated on this day, 20th July, is printed in Penn's "Memorials of Sir W. Penn (age 45)", vol. ii., p. 406.

Note 2. This picture occasioned Pepys trouble long afterwards, having been brought as evidence that he was a Papist (see "Life", vol. i., p. xxxiii).

Pepy's Diary. 20 Jul 1667. Home to dinner, and then to the office, we having dispatched away Mr. Oviatt to Hull, about our prizes there; and I have wrote a letter of thanks by him to Lord Bellasses (age 53), who had writ to me to offer all his service for my interest there, but I dare not trust him.

Pepy's Diary. 20 Jul 1668. So to visit my Lord Crew (age 70), who is very sick, to great danger, by an irisipulus; [Erysipelas.] the first day I heard of it, and so home, and took occasion to buy a rest for my espinette at the ironmonger's by Holborn Conduit, where the fair pretty woman is that I have lately observed there, and she is pretty, and je credo vain enough.

Evelyn's Diary. 20 Jul 1670. We went to dine at Lord Allington's (age 30), who had newly built a house of great cost, I believe a little less than £20,000. His architect was Mr. Pratt (age 50). It is seated in a park, with a sweet prospect and stately avenue; but water still defective; the house has also its infirmities. Went back to Mr. Slingsby's (age 49).

Evelyn's Diary. 20 Jul 1685. The Trinity House met this day, which should have ben on ye Monday after Trinity, but was put off by reason of the Royal Charter being so large that it could not be ready before. Some immunities were super-added. Mr. Pepys (age 52), Secretary to ye Admiralty, was a second time chosen Master. There were present the Duke of Grafton (age 21), Lord Dartmouth (age 12), Master of ye Ordnance, the Commissioners of ye Navy, and brethren of the Corporation. We went to Church according to costome, and then took barge to the Trinity House [Map], in London, where we had a great dinner, above 80 at one table.

Roger Whitley's Diary. 20 Jul 1690. Sonday, Traverse dined with us; I went to church in the afternoone; thence with sonne (age 39) & Traverse to visit Sir John Crew; Cockane came to us; we left them before 7; Traverse supt with us, I went to my chamber at 10.

On 20 Jul 1729 William Stukeley (age 41) was ordained as a Deacon by Archbishop William Wake (age 72).

The London Gazette 11162. St. James's, July 20 [1771]

The King has been pleased to constitute and appoint Charles Proby, Esq; to be Comptroller of the Victuallers Accounts of his Majesty's Navy, in the room of Robert Osborn, Esq; deceased.

His Majesty has been pleased to grant to Sir George Amyand, Bart His full Power, Licence, and Authority to assume and use the Surname of Cornewall, and also to bear the Arms of Cornewall.

His Majesty has been pleased to grant His Royal Licence and Authority to Thomas Evans, Esq; and his Issue, to assume and take the Surname of Durell only, in Pursuance of the Will of Solomon Durell, Esq; deceased.

Greville Memoirs. 20 Jul 1830. Yesterday was a very busy day with his Majesty, who is going much too fast, and begins to alarm his Ministers and astonish the world. In the morning he inspected the Coldstream Guards, dressed (for the first time in his life) in a military uniform and with a great pair of gold spurs half-way up his legs like a game cock, although he was not to ride, for having chalk-stones in his hands he can't hold the reins. The Queen came to Lady Bathurst's (age 64) to see the review and hold a sort of drawing-room, when the Ministers' wives were presented to her, and official men, to which were added Lady Bathurst's (age 64) relations; everybody was in undress except the officers. She is very ugly, with a horrid complexion, but has good manners, and did all this (which she hated) very well. She said the part as if she was acting, and wished the green curtain to drop. After the review the King, with the Dukes of Cumberland, Sussex, and Gloucester, and Prince George and the Prince of Prussia, and the Duchess of Cumberland's son, came in through the garden gate; the Duchess of Gloucester and Princess Augusta were already there; they breakfasted and then went away, the Duke of Gloucester bowing to the company while nobody was taking any notice of him or thinking about him. Nature must have been merry when she made this Prince, and in the sort of mood that certain great artists used to exhibit in their comical caricatures; I never saw a countenance which that line in Dryden's M'Flecknoe would so well describe—

And lambent dulness plays around his face.

Greville Memoirs. 20 Jul 1830. All this was very well; no great harm in it; more affable, less dignified than the late King; but when this was over, and he might very well have sat himself quietly down and rested, he must needs put on his plainer clothes and start on a ramble about the streets, alone too. In Pall Mall he met Watson Taylor, and took his arm and went up St. James's Street. There he was soon followed by a mob making an uproar, and when he got near White's a woman came up and kissed him. Belfast (who had been sworn in Privy Councillor in the morning), who saw this from White's, and Clinton thought it time to interfere, and came out to attend upon him. The mob increased, and, always holding W. Taylor's arm, and flanked by Clinton and Belfast, who got shoved and kicked about to their inexpressible wrath, he got back to the Palace amid shouting and bawling and applause. When he got home he asked them to go in and take a quiet walk in the garden, and said, 'Oh, never mind all this; when I have walked about a few times they will get used to it, and will take no notice.' There are other stories, but I will put down nothing I do not see or hear, or hear from the witnesses. Belfast told me this in the Park, fresh from the scene and smarting from the buffeting he had got. All the Park was ringing with it, and I told Lady Bathurst (age 64), who thought it so serious she said she would get Lord Bathurst (age 68) to write to the Duke directly about it. Lord Combermere wanted to be made a Privy Councillor yesterday, but the Duke would not let it be done; he is in a sort of half-disgrace, and is not to be made yet, but will be by-and-by.

Thomas Bateman 1846. The second barrow [Note. Probably Stanshope Barrow 2 [Map]] was at the distance of about five hundred yards from the foregoing, and had been entirely removed to the surface of the ground whereon it stood; on digging, however, in the centre, it was found to descend a few inches in a dish-like form, at which point a few pieces of human bone, the fragments of a skeleton, and some pieces of a small cup of Samian ware, probably of Romano-British manufacture, were found. Owing to the barrow having been taken away, these things were in a lamentably shattered condition, which is the more to be regretted, as this is the only instance of Samian ware being applied to a sepulchral purpose as yet brought to light in the counties of Derby or Stafford.

Thomas Bateman 1846. On the 20th of July, 1846, were opened two barrows, upon Stanshope Pasture, near Dovedale, Staffordshire. The first [Note. Probably Stanshope Barrow 1 [Map]] is of considerable magnitude, and appeared beautifully perfect, but, as is not unfrequently the case under similar circumstances, proved entirely deceptive. A natural elevation in this rocky neighbourhood having been taken advantage of in the construction of this barrow, and trimmed into form, consequently the greater part of it was solid rock, and the small portion of soil which had been added had been much disturbed at some prior excavation. In one situation in the interior of the barrow, the rock seemed to have been slightly cut, in order to form a cist, and here were found the only traces of interment that were met with; namely, a small piece of a coarse urn, some calcined human bones, and various pieces of flint, which had undergone the same process.

Castern Valley. 20th of July, opened a large tumulus in a narrow valley by the river Manifold, between Castern [Map] and Throwley [Map], called Cow Close Lea. The mountainous scenery through which the river winds its serpentine course (whence the name) is most picturesque, the hills, on the Throwley side especially, rising to a great height. On account of the barrows in this district being for the most part on the tops of the hills, this one had been previously overlooked by us. The search was commenced by a section through the midst of the barrow, which, to the depth of four feet was composed of boulders from the bed of the river; next was a layer of clay and soil mixed with stone, a foot in thickness; below this was sand like the bed of the river, into which we dug for two feet without perceiving any mixture, as would probably have been the case had it been before disturbed: and as the remains of human bones, and those of the rat which we found, were confined to the level of the clay, we took advantage of the hole made by digging in the sand, to remove by undermining, a very large stone from the centre of the barrow, by the side of which were piled several smaller ones.

No trace of interment was observed near these stones, which lay within a foot of the surface. Confining the depth of the cutting to the level of the clay, we discovered at the side a skeleton and a few burnt bones; pursuing the same direction about five feet further, we found another skeleton, lying on its left side in a contracted posture, having with it burnt bones, a round-ended instrument and a pebble, both of flint. An arrow-head and some chippings of flints were found in other parts of the mound, and the earth on being turned over, emitted an odour so fragrant as to cause us to look about more than once to see whether there were not many flowers close by.

The London Gazette 27933. Whitehall, July 20, 1906. The King has been pleased, by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to confer the dignity of a Baron of the said United Kingdom upon George Armitstead, Esquire, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotteu, by the name, style, and title of Baron Armitstead of Castlehill in the city of Dundee.

The London Gazette 27933. Whitehall, July 20, 1906. The King has been pleased, by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to confer the dignity of a Baron of the said United Kingdom upon the Right Honourable William James Pirrie, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, style, and title of Baron Pirrie of the city of Belfast

The London Gazette 27933. Whitehall, July 20, 1906. The King has been pleased, by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to confer the dignity of a Baron of the said United Kingdom upon the Right Honourable Leonard Henry Courtney, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, style, and title of Baron Courtney of Penwith in the county of Cornwall.

The London Gazette 27933. Whitehall, July 20, 1906. The King has been pleased, by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to confer the dignity of a Baron of the said United Kingdom upon Sir John Jones Jenkins, Knight, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, style, and title of Baron Glantawe of Swansea in the county oF Glamorgan.