On this Day in History ... 23rd March

23 Mar is in March.

1322 Battle of Boroughbridge

1361 Death of Henry of Grosmont

1369 Death of Peter I King Castile

See Births, Marriages and Deaths.

Events on the 23rd March

Flowers of History 1233. Of the thunder-storms.

In the same year, on the 23rd of March, dreadful tliunderings were heard, followed by inundations of rain throughout the whole summer, which destroyed the warrens and washed away the ponds and mills throughout almost all England ; and in the ploughed and harvest fields and other unusual places in different parts, the water ran about in rivulets and formed into lakes in the midst of the crops, in which, to the astonishment of many, the fishes of the rivers were seen ; and mills were standing in various places where they had never before been seen.

On 23 Mar 1369 Peter "Cruel" I King Castile (age 34) was murdered by his half-brother Henry "Fratricide" II King Castile (age 35) outside the wall of the castle of Montiel, La Mancha. His half brother Henry "Fratricide" II King Castile (age 35) succeeded II King Castile.

Bishop Praty's Confirmations of Monastic Elections and Benedictions of Newly Elected Abbots and Priors. And it is to be remembered that on the Wednesday, in the week of our Lord's Passion, about 10 o'clock before nones, namely, on March 23rd in the year above written, in the third Indiction, in the 10 th year of . . Pope Eugenius IV., the aforesaid Thomas Shorham, Abbot, as he asserted, elected and confirmed of the Monastery of Begham . . appeared before . . Eichard . . , Bishop of Chichester, in the Chapel situated within his Palace of Chichester, and asked and instantly begged the same Eeverend Father, his Diocesan, that he would deign to distinguish him with his gift of Benediction in the Church's accustomed form. To this the said Eeverend Father said that he willingly would. And subsequently, arrayed in Pontifical vestments

and decorations, he celebrated in a low voice the Mass of the Holy Spirit. And in the course of the solemnities of the Mass he conferred on the aforesaid brother Thomas elected, as is stated above and con- firmed, the gift of Benediction used and accustomed by the Church in such cases. Which done, the said brother Thomas made his obedience to the said Eeverend Father in the form which follows:-

In the Name of God, Amen. I, Thomas Shorham, Abbot of the Monastery of Begham, of the Premonstratensian Order of Chichester Diocese, elected and confirmed, profess, &c. [as on p. 155], . . being present then and there the venerable and discreet Master Thomas Boleyn (age 39), LL.B., Edward Brugge, John Kyngeslane, Chaplains, John Fulborne, John Halswell, 'scutifers,' and very many others in a large crowd.

Letters and Papers 1535. 23 Mar 1535. Vienna Archives. 431. Chapuys to [Granvelle].

[Granvelle] will understand by Chapuys' last letter to the Emperor, and by the present, what the desire and hope of these men is. They think day and night of getting rid of these good ladies. Since there has been a talk of friendship they have been more determined to devise something against them, and speak of it without shame. It is more than ever necessary to consult for their protection. The Queen, as he writes to the Emperor, has no doubt that their amiability to her and the Princess is dangerous. Having heard that Cromwell had been to Chapuys, she wrote to her licentiate Medain the enclosed, and, if she had dared to write more, would have shown her reasons. In the letter "la seulle" means Cromwell, "Del Sobrino" is Chapuys, and "celluy que n'a dens" is the French king. Sends another letter from the Queen, which ought to have done wonders, considering how Cromwell had praised her; "sed induratum est cor Pharaonis."

Does not know how Granvelle interprets the coming of the King to where the Princess was without speaking to or sending to her, but it is spoken of here in various ways. The Princess is well, better than some would have her. She may be called the paragon of beauty, goodness and virtue.

The concubine (age 34) has suborned a person to say that he has had a revelation from God that she cannot conceive while the said two ladies are alive. Doubts not she has spoken of it to the King, and she has lately sent the man to Cromwell. She constantly speaks of them as rebels and traitresses deserving death, and Cromwell would willingly say what Caiaphas did. London, 23 March.

Fr., from a modern copy, pp. 2.

Letters and Papers 1538. 23 Mar 1538. Spanish Calendar, V. ii. No. 220. 583. Chapuys (age 48) to the Queen of Hungary (age 32).

She has done well in writing to Cromwell (age 53), who was much gratified by her letter. The French ambassadors have had difficulty in getting an interview with the King (age 46), and were ill received; on which the Bishop of Tarbes said to the Venetian secretary he would do his best to promote a peace between the Emperor and France. Next day the Bishop received a present of 500 cr. and 150 cr. for a gentleman of his suite; but he has not yet got his passports, which the King (age 46) will probably not give till he has heard from Spain. On the same day, the 18th, the painter (age 41) returned with the Duchess' (age 16) likeness, which has pleased the King (age 46) much, and put him in much better humour. He has been masking and visiting the Duchess of Suffolk (age 19), &c. Does not think, however, that he is pleased at the meeting arranged between the Pope, the Emperor, and Francis. London, 23 March 1538.From a MS. at Vienna.

Diary of Edward VI. 23 Mar 1551. The counsel having the bishops' andsweris, seing my subjectes lakking their vent in Flaundres might put the whole realme in daungere, the Flemenges had cloth inoughe for a yere ia their hand, and were kept far under, the daunger of the papistes, the 1,500 cinqtales of pouder I had in Flaundres3, the harnesse they had for preparacion for the gendarmery, the goodes my merchauntes had their at the wolfleet4, decreed to send an embassadour to the emperour, mr. Wotton, to deny the matter (w)holly, and perswade the emperour in it, thinking by his going to winn some time for a pre- paracion of a mart, conveiaunce of pouder, harnes, etc., and for the surety of the realme. In meane season to punish th'offendours, first of my servauntes that heard masse, next of hirs.

Note 3. Purchased on consideration of the debt being "put off:" see before, p. 267. It evidently still remained on the King's hands, because of the difficulty and danger of transport, although on the 5th Feb. a letter had been directed "to mr. Dansell att his discrecion either to convey over the King's majesties powder from Antwerpe, if he see any likelyhoode so to do, or else to sell it, signifying the price thereof to the counsaill or ever he conclude; but if he can conveigh it hither the King shall abide th'adventure."

Note 4. The ships that had not yet unladen their cargoes of wool; soon after seized by the French king: see under September 3.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 23 Mar 1557. The xxiij day of Marche was a commondement cam that the Kyng (age 29) and the Quen (age 41) wold ryd from the Towre-warff [Map] thrugh London with the nobuls of the rayme, boyth lordes and lades; and at the Towre-warff my lord mayre (age 57) mett ther gracys boyth, and thrugh London my masters the althermen and the shreyffes and alle the crafftes of London in ther leveres, and ther standynges set up of evere craft of tymbur, and the strett and the trumpettes blohyng with odur enstrementtes with grett joye and plesur, and grett shutyng of gones at the Towre, and the waytes plahyng on sant Peter's [Map] ledes [leads ie roofs] in Chepe; and my lord mayre (age 57) bare the septer a-for the Kyng and the Quen.

Henry Machyn's Diary. 23 Mar 1561. The xxiij day of Marche dyd pryche at [Newington] be-yonde sant Gorgus the byshope of Canturbere, docthur Parker (age 56), and mad a goodly sermon.

Autobiography Simon D'Ewes. 23 Mar 1622. On Tuesday, the 23rd day of the same month, did Marcus Antonius de Dominis (age 62), the hypocritical Archbishop of Spolato, depart England with the Emperor's ambassador; his abmition in hope of a cardinal's hat with the new Pepo Gregory the Fifteenth, who had lately succeeded Paul the Fifth, so blinding the eyes of his judgment, as he was lured to Rome by fair promises, and, being there imprisoned, did finally end his life by a violent death on the 9th day of December, Anno Domini 1624, and two days after his body was burnt and the ashes cast into the river Tiber. He had come first into England in the year 1616; and having vented here some of his rotten divinity, not finding his covetous appetite so fiilly satisfied as he expected, nor his popish tenets to pass for current as he imagined they would, he, at this time, returned back to lick up his old vomit, though in the issue it choked him in the swallowing. His departure did not more content men in respect of the discovery of his hypocrisy, than the recalling back of the Count of Gondomar (age 94) by the Spanish king, his master, gave all men hope that his successor in his place of ambas- sador would not be able to work so much mischief as he had done.

Evelyn's Diary. 23 Mar 1646. The next morning we traveled over the downs where Marius fought and fancied ourselves about Winchester, and the country toward Dorsetshire. We dined at an inn called Cavalli Caschieri, near Peschiera, a very strong fort of the Venetian Republic, and near the Lago di Garda, which disembogues into that of Mantua, near forty miles in length, highly spoken of by my Lord Arundel to me, as the most pleasant spot in Italy, for which reason I observed it with the more diligence, alighting out of the coach, and going up to a grove of cypresses growing about a gentleman's country-house, from whence indeed it presents a most surprising prospect. The hills and gentle risings about it produce oranges, citrons, olives, figs, and other tempting fruits, and the waters abound in excellent fish, especially trouts. In the middle of this lake stands Sermonea, on an island; here Captain Wray (age 21) bought a pretty nag of the master of our inn where we dined, for eight pistoles, which his wife, our hostess, was so unwilling to part with, that she did nothing but kiss and weep and hang about the horse's neck, till the captain rode away.

Evelyn's Diary. 23 Mar 1646. Next morning, we went to the Colonel's, who had sent his servant again to conduct us to his house, which we found to be a noble palace, richly furnished. There were other guests, all soldiers, one of them a Scotchman, but we could not learn one of their names. At dinner, he excused his rudeness that he had not himself spoken to us; telling us it was his custom, when he heard of any English travelers (who but rarely would be known to pass through that city for fear of the Inquisition), to invite them to his house, where they might be free. We had a sumptuous dinner; and the wine was so tempting, that after some healths had gone about, and we had risen from the table, the Colonel led us into his hall, where there hung up divers colors, saddles, bridles, pistols, and other arms, being trophies which he had taken with his own hands from the enemy; among them, he would needs bestow a pair of pistols on Captain Wray (age 21), one of our fellow-travelers, and a good drinking gentleman, and on me a Turkish bridle woven with silk and very curiously embossed, with other silk trappings, to which hung a half moon finely wrought, which he had taken from a bashaw whom he had slain. With this glorious spoil, I rode the rest of my journey as far as Paris, and brought it afterward into England. He then showed us a stable of brave horses, with his menage and cavalerizzo. Some of the horses he caused to be brought out, which he mounted, and performed all the motions of an excellent horseman. When this was done, and he had alighted,-contrary to the advice of his groom and page, who knew the nature of the beast, and that their master was a little spirited with wine, he would have a fiery horse that had not yet been managed and was very ungovernable, but was otherwise a very beautiful creature; this he mounting, the horse, getting the reins in a full carriere, rose so desperately that he fell quite back, crushing the Colonel so forcibly against the wall of the menage, that though he sat on him like a Centaur, yet recovering the jade on all fours again, he desired to be taken down and so led in, where he cast himself on a pallet; and, with infinite lamentations, after some time we took leave of him, being now speechless. The next morning, going to visit him, we found before the door the canopy which they usually carry over the host, and some with lighted tapers; which made us suspect he was in a very sad condition, and so indeed we found him, an Irish Friar standing by his bedside as confessing him, or at least disguising a confession, and other ceremonies used in extremis; for we afterward learned that the gentleman was a Protestant, and had this Friar, his confidant; which was a dangerous thing at Milan, had it been but suspected. At our entrance, he sighed grievously, and held up his hands, but was not able to speak. After vomiting some blood, he kindly took us all by the hand, and made signs that he should see us no more, which made us take our leave of him with extreme reluctancy and affliction for the accident. This sad disaster made us consult about our departure as soon as we could, not knowing how we might be inquired after, or engaged, the Inquisition being so cruelly formidable and inevitable, on the least suspicion. The next morning, therefore, discharging our lodgings, we agreed for a coach to carry us to the foot of the Alps, not a little concerned for the death of the Colonel, which we now heard of, and who had so courteously entertained us.

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Evelyn's Diary. 23 Mar 1646. From this uncomfortable place, we prepared to hasten away the next morning; but, as we were getting on our mules, comes a huge young fellow demanding money for a goat which he affirmed that Captain Wray's (age 21) dog had killed; expostulating the matter, and impatient of staying in the cold, we set spurs and endeavored to ride away, when a multitude of people being by this time gotten together about us (for it being Sunday morning and attending for the priest to say mass), they stopped our mules, beat us off our saddles, and, disarming us of our carbines, drew us into one of the rooms of our lodging, and set a guard upon us. Thus we continued prisoners till mass was ended, and then came half a score grim Swiss, who, taking on them to be magistrates, sat down on the table, and condemned us to pay a pistole for the goat, and ten more for attempting to ride away, threatening that if we did not pay it speedily, they would send us to prison, and keep us to a day of public justice, where, as they perhaps would have exaggerated the crime, for they pretended we had primed our carbines and would have shot some of them (as indeed the Captain was about to do), we might have had our heads cut off, as we were told afterward, for that among these rude people a very small misdemeanor does often meet that sentence. Though the proceedings appeared highly unjust, on consultation among ourselves we thought it safer to rid ourselves out of their hands, and the trouble we were brought into; and therefore we patiently laid down the money, and with fierce countenances had our mules and arms delivered to us, and glad we were to escape as we did. This was cold entertainment, but our journey after was colder, the rest of the way having been (as they told us) covered with snow since the Creation; no man remembered it to be without; and because, by the frequent snowing, the tracks are continually filled up, we passed by several tall masts set up to guide travelers, so as for many miles they stand in ken of one another, like to our beacons. In some places, where there is a cleft between two mountains, the snow fills it up, while the bottom, being thawed, leaves as it were a frozen arch of snow, and that so hard as to bear the greatest weight; for as it snows often, so it perpetually freezes, of which I was so sensible that it flawed the very skin of my face.

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Evelyn's Diary. 23 Mar 1646. Beginning now to descend a little, Captain Wray's (age 21) horse (that was our sumpter and carried all our baggage) plunging through a bank of loose snow, slid down a frightful precipice, which so incensed the choleric cavalier, his master, that he was sending a brace of bullets into the poor beast, lest our guide should recover him, and run away with his burden; but, just as he was lifting up his carbine, we gave such a shout, and so pelted the horse with snow-balls, as with all his might plunging through the snow, he fell from another steep place into another bottom, near a path we were to pass. It was yet a good while ere we got to him, but at last we recovered the place, and, easing him of his charge, hauled him out of the snow, where he had been certainly frozen in, if we had not prevented it, before night. It was as we judged almost two miles that he had slid and fallen, yet without any other harm than the benumbing of his limbs for the present, but, with lusty rubbing and chafing he began to move, and, after a little walking, performed his journey well enough. All this way, affrighted with the disaster of this horse, we trudged on foot, driving our mules before us; sometimes we fell, sometimes we slid, through this ocean of snow, which after October is impassible. Toward night, we came into a larger way, through vast woods of pines, which clothe the middle parts of these rocks. Here, they were burning some to make pitch and rosin, peeling the knotty branches, as we do to make charcoal, reserving what melts from them, which hardens into pitch. We passed several cascades of dissolved snow, that had made channels of formidable depth in the crevices of the mountains, and with such a fearful roaring as we could hear it for seven long miles. It is from these sources that the Rhone and the Rhine, which pass through all France and Germany, derive their originals. Late at night, we got to a town called Briga, at the foot of the Alps, in the Valteline. Almost every door had nailed on the outside and next the street a bear's, wolf's, or fox's head, and divers of them, all three; a savage kind of sight, but, as the Alps are full of the beasts, the people often kill them. The next morning, we returned to our guide, and took fresh mules, and another to conduct us to the Lake of Geneva, passing through as pleasant a country as that we had just traveled was melancholy and troublesome. A strange and sudden change it seemed; for the reverberation of the sunbeams from the mountains and rocks that like walls range it on both sides, not above two flight-shots in breadth, for a very great number of miles, renders the passage excessively hot. Through such extremes we continued our journey, that goodly river, the Rhone, gliding by us in a narrow and quiet channel almost in the middle of this Canton, fertilizing the country for grass and corn, which grow here in abundance.

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Evelyn's Diary. 23 Mar 1646. This town is not much celebrated for beautiful women, for, even at this distance from the Alps, the gentlewomen have somewhat full throats; but our Captain Wray (age 21) (afterward Sir William, eldest son of that Sir Christopher (deceased), who had both been in arms against his Majesty for the Parliament) fell so mightily in love with one of Monsieur Saladine's daughters that, with much persuasion, he could not be prevailed on to think on his journey into France, the season now coming on extremely hot.

Evelyn's Diary. 23 Mar 1646. It was Easter-Monday that I was invited to breakfast at the Earl of Arundel's. I took my leave of him in his bed, where I left that great and excellent man in tears on some private discourse of crosses that had befallen his illustrious family, particularly the undutifulness of his grandson Philip turning Dominican Friar (since Cardinal of Norfolk), and the misery of his country now embroiled in civil war. He caused his gentleman to give me directions, all written with his own hand, what curiosities I should inquire after in my journey; and, so enjoining me to write sometimes to him, I departed. There stayed for me below, Mr. Henry Howard (age 17) (afterward Duke of Norfolk), Mr. J. Digby (age 19), son of Sir Kenelm Digby (age 43), and other gentlemen, who conducted me to the coach.

Evelyn's Diary. 23 Mar 1646. In company, then, with Mr. Waller (age 40), one Captain Wray (age 21) (son of Sir Christopher (deceased), whose father had been in arms against his Majesty, and therefore by no means welcome to us), with Mr. Abdy, a modest and learned man, we got that night to Vicenza, passing by the Euganéan hills, celebrated for the prospects and furniture of rare simples, which we found growing about them. The ways were something deep, the whole country flat and even as a bowling-green. The common fields lie square, and are orderly planted with fruit trees, which the vines run and embrace, for many miles, with delicious streams creeping along the ranges.

Pepy's Diary. 23 Mar 1660. Up early, carried my Lord's will in a black box to Mr. William Montagu (age 42) for him to keep for him. Then to the barber's and put on my cravat there. So to my Lord again, who was almost ready to be gone and had staid for me. Hither came Gilb. Holland, and brought me a stick rapier and Shelston a sugar-loaf, and had brought his wife who he said was a very pretty woman to the Ship tavern hard by for me to see but I could not go. Young Reeve also brought me a little perspective glass which I bought for my Lord, it cost me 8s. So after that my Lord in Sir H. Wright's (age 23) coach with Captain Isham (age 32), Mr. Thomas, John Crew, W. Howe, and I in a Hackney to the Tower, where the barges staid for us; my Lord and the Captain in one, and W. Howe and I, &c., in the other, to the Long Reach, where the Swiftsure lay at anchor; (in our way we saw the great breach which the late high water had made, to the loss of many £1000 to the people about Limehouse [Map].) Soon as my Lord on board, the guns went off bravely from the ships. And a little while after comes the Vice-Admiral Lawson (age 45), and seemed very respectful to my Lord, and so did the rest of the Commanders of the frigates that were thereabouts. I to the cabin allotted for me, which was the best that any had that belonged to my Lord. I got out some things out of my chest for writing and to work presently, Mr. Burr and I both. I supped at the deck table with Mr. Sheply. We were late writing of orders for the getting of ships ready, &c.; and also making of others to all the seaports between Hastings and Yarmouth, to stop all dangerous persons that are going or coming between Flanders and there. After that to bed in my cabin, which was but short; however I made shift with it and slept very well, and the weather being good I was not sick at all yet, I know not what I shall be.

Pepy's Diary. 23 Mar 1662. By and by a coach came to call me by my appointment, and so my wife and I carried to Westminster to Mrs. Hunt's, and I to Whitehall, Worcester House, and to my Lord Treasurer's to have found Sir G. Carteret (age 52), but missed in all these places.

Pepy's Diary. 23 Mar 1662. So having sent for my wife, she and I to my Lady Sandwich (age 37), and after a short visit away home. She home, and I to Sir G. Carteret's (age 52) about business, and so home too, and Sarah having her fit we went to bed.

Pepy's Diary. 23 Mar 1663. By and by the Duke (age 29) comes, and we with him about our usual business, and then the Committee for Tangier, where, after reading my Lord Rutherford's commission and consented to, Sir R. Ford (age 49), Sir W. Rider, and I were chosen to bring in some laws for the Civill government of it, which I am little able to do, but am glad to be joyned with them, for I shall learn something of them.

Pepy's Diary. 23 Mar 1663. Thence to see my Lord Sandwich (age 37), and who should I meet at the door but Major Holmes (age 41). He would have gone away, but I told him I would not spoil his visitt, and would have gone, but however we fell to discourse and he did as good as desire excuse for the high words that did pass in his heat the other day, which I was willing enough to close with, and after telling him my mind we parted, and I left him to speak with my Lord, and I by coach home, where I found Will Howe come home to-day with my wife, and staid with us all night, staying late up singing songs, and then he and I to bed together in Ashwell's bed and she with my wife. This the first time that I ever lay in the room. This day Greatorex (age 38) brought me a very pretty weather-glass for heat and cold1. 24th. Lay pretty long, that is, till past six o'clock, and them up and W. Howe and I very merry together, till having eat our breakfast, he went away, and I to my office.

Note 1. The thermometer was invented in the sixteenth century, but it is disputed who the inventor was. The claims of Santorio are supported by Borelli and Malpighi, while the title of Cornelius Drebbel is considered undoubted by Boerhaave. Galileo's air thermometer, made before 1597, was the foundation of accurate thermometry. Galileo also invented the alcohol thermometer about 1611 or 1612. Spirit thermometers were made for the Accademia del Cimento, and described in the Memoirs of that academy. When the academy was dissolved by order of the Pope, some of these thermometers were packed away in a box, and were not discovered until early in the nineteenth century. Robert Hooke describes the manufacture and graduation of thermometers in his "Micrographia" (1665).

Pepy's Diary. 23 Mar 1665. Up and to my Lord Sandwich (age 39), who follows the Duke (age 31) this day by water down to the Hope, where "The Prince" lies. He received me, busy as he was, with mighty kindness and joy at my promotions; telling me most largely how the Duke (age 31) hath expressed on all occasions his good opinion of my service and love for me. I paid my thanks and acknowledgement to him; and so back home, where at the office all the morning.

Pepy's Diary. 23 Mar 1666. I out by six o'clock by appointment to Hales's (age 66), where we fell to my picture presently very hard, and it comes on a very fine picture, and very merry, pleasant discourse we had all the morning while he was painting.

Pepy's Diary. 23 Mar 1666. Anon comes my wife and Mercer and little Tooker, and having done with me we all to a picture drawer's hard by, Hales (age 66) carrying me to see some landskipps of a man's doing. But I do not [like] any of them, save only a piece of fruit, which indeed was very fine.

Evelyn's Diary. 23 Mar 1676. To Twickenham Park, Lord Berkeley's (age 48) country seat, to examine how the bailiffs and servants ordered matters.

Roger Whitley's Diary. 23 Mar 1690. Sonday, I was not at church; cosen Whitley dined with us; in the evening the Curate of Sutton came to desire my contribution; having but a small living & teaching the boys of the Parish; he stayd not ½ houer.

Before 23 Mar 1691 Jacob Huysmans (age 58). Portrait of Mary Langham Countess Warrington (age 39).

Calendars. 23 Mar 1693. Kensington. Warrant to prepare a bill for pardon to be granted to Henry Thorneycroft, gent., accused of the murder of Patrick Campbell. [Ibid., p. 530].]

Calendars. 23 Mar 1693. Kensington. Warrant addressed to the Recorder of London for grant of free pardon to Charles Christian, sentenced—at a Court Martial held on board the Neptune—to death for burglary. [Ibid., p. 546.]

Calendars. 23 Mar 1693. Whitehall. The same to the same. I have acquainted the King with the enclosed paper, which I received from Lord Galway, and his Majesty commanded me to transmit the same to you, that you may consider it and report your opinion thereon. [H.O. Letter Book (Secretary's) 2, p. 687.]

Calendars. 23 Mar 1693. Kensington. Appointment of James Draper as town clerk of Falmouth, in succession to Giles Draper, gentleman, deceased. [S.P. Dom. William and Mary 5, No. 9; and H.O. Warrant Book 6, p. 581.]

Calendars. 23 Mar 1693. Whitehall. Sir Charles Hedges to [the Earl of Nottingham]. The lead on the ship Peace was ordered to be delivered to the claimers on bail; that on the ship Patience was condemned as prize, and the sentence confirmed by the court of appeal, but the proofs of ownership and manner and place of capture are not yet perfected. [H.O. Admiralty 2, p.651.] Enclosing:—

Mons. Schutz to London; 26 March, 1698, certifying that the lead on board the Hamburg ship Peace, Pierre Hermansen Backer, master, and on the Patience, Herman Wrede, master, belongs to the Elector and to Mr. Hubner, as in his letter of 8 /18th instant. [Ibid. 2, p. 647.]

Calendars. 23 Mar 1693. Whitehall. The Earl of Nottingham to the Lord Lieutenant. I have acquainted the King with your letter which accompanies the petition of Lady Jane Dowdall, and the Solicitor-General's report of her case; the King has commanded me to order you to settle upon her, for life, some reasonable allowance out of her forfeited estate. [S.P. Ireland, King's Letter Book 1, p. 358.]

Calendars. 23 Mar 1693. Whitehall. The same to the Lord Chamberlain. Baron de Goertz has waited on the King in Flanders and received his audience there as envoy extraordinary from the Elector of Brunswick, and his Majesty is pleased that he should have the usual present, and that the same should be given to him in money instead ofa jewel. The King has commanded me to acquaint you with this that you may give your orders. Mr. Blathwait will give the Baron his present if you will remit the same to him. [H.O: Letter Book (Secretary's) 2, p. 635.]

Calendars. 23 Mar 1693. Whitehall. The same to the Commissioners of the Treasury. The King has considered your report upon the petition of the Countess of Clancarty, and the report of Sir John Temple, attorney general in Ireland, and he has directed that she should receive, out of the rent and profits of the estate lately belonging to her son Donough, Earl of Clancarty, and now seized into the King's hands, so much money as remained due unto her upon the judgment in Ireland in Trinity Term, 1682, whereby she recovered 6,280l. against the said Harl for her damages in detaining her dower from her since the death of her husband. The debts wheréunto she is liable amount to 5,784l. 17s. 8d., as is particularly set forth in your report. The King would have you give the necessary orders that the rents and profits of the said estate be paid unto the said Countess by the Commissioners of the Revenue in Ireland, from time to time, as soon as the same shall be received by them, until the sum remaining due unto her upon the said judgment and the debts to which she is liable shall be fully satisfied and paid. [Ibid., pp. 685 and 688.]

Calendars. 23 Mar 1693. Whitehall. The same to the same. I send you here enclosed -the copy of a letter which I received from the Lord Lieutenant and the Council of Ireland, which I laid before the King, who thereupon commanded me to acquaint you that you should consider the cases, mentioned in the two first paragraphs, in order to give the parties relief if it shall be thought fit, and thereupon report your opinion. As to the cases of those protestants, mentioned in the 8rd paragraph, whose estates were seized by the late King James, and yet the Commissioners of the Revenue require from them the quit rents and Crown rents for the year 1688, when the late King received the greatest part of the profits of the estates of all the tenants who were in arrear, the King wishes you to give order for remitting to all such protestants the quit rents and crown rents for that year in the manner proposed. [Ibid., p. 636.]

Calendars. 23 Mar 1693. Whitehall. The same to the same. I have laid before the King the enclosed letter from the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, recommending the request of the inhabitants of Athlone, who pray his Majesty to bestow upon them 1201. towards the repair of St. Mary's church, and that the same may be paid to the Bishop of Meath, bishop of the diocese. The King has granted the said request and has commanded me to acquaint you with it. [Ibid.] .

Calendars. 23 Mar 1693. Victualling Office. Memorial of the Victualling Commissioners to the Lords of the Admiralty. We never remember the Channel fleet having been put to short allowance on sailing, but are of opinion it might be advantageous if money be provided to pay the seamen constantly each month for the same. In hot weather the seamen may possibly desire a greater proportion of beer, though at short allowance; every man will have 54 pints a day; victualling ships might attend the fleet for this purpose. [H.O. Admiralty 6, No. 3.]

Calendars. 23 Mar 1693. Whitehall. Passes, post warrants and passports for John van Houten to go to Harwich and Holland; for Lawrence Heyndricks, ditto; for Henry Beerninck, ditto; for Col. Steward and a guide, ditto [S.P. Dom. Warrant Book 87, p. 5]; for Ensign Benjamin Grimandet, ditto; for Philip Williams, Lord Coningsby's servant, with one able post horse and a guide, ditto; for Colonel Howe, with two post horses, etc., ditto; for William Williams alone, ditto; for Andrew Dobbeler, ditto ([Ibid., p. 6]; for Daniel de Bary, ditto [Ibid., p. 7]; and for the ship Compass, commanded by Erick Peter Torne, to sail from the Thames to Portugal, and there to load wine and other commodities and carry them into the East Sea [Ibid., p. 8].

Calendars. 23 Mar 1693. Whitehall. Proceedings upon the petition of James, Viscount Lanesborouch. Shows that there is payable out of his father's estate 2531. per ann. to the Crown; that he has lost by adhering to their Majesties' service to the value of above 380,000l.; and that the quit rent upon his estate is so high that some of his tenants refuse to take his lands this year. He prays for a grant of the said rent to him and his heirs. Referred to the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury. [S.P. Dom. Petition Entry Book 1, p. 464.]

Calendars. 23 Mar 1693. Whitehall. Proceedings upon the petition of Sir Laurence Esmond, bart., by his guardian the Countess of Devonshire. Shows that, being sent into France when but thirteen years old, he remained there during the late rebellion and was not in any manner of way concerned therein. That he had a pass to England, where he returned and has lived ever since in due obedience to the Government. He is nevertheless indicted of high treason in Ireland, though still an infant. Upon a former petition against the said indictment, a stop was ordered, but a nolle prosequi was omitted to be entered on the said indictment. The petitioner therefore prays for a nolle prosequi to be entered on such presentments and indictments as are against him. Referred to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. [Ibid., p. 468.]

Calendars. 23 Mar 1693. Whitehall. Caveat that nothing pass relating to the grant of a fair at Heveningham in the county of Suffolk, till notice be given to Lord Allington, "over against Mr. Notts, in Pall Mall." [S.P. Dom. Entry Book 78, p. 167.]

Calendars. 23 Mar 1693. Whitehall. The King to [the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland]. Whereas some doubts have arisen whether the word "property." in the third article of the articles for the surrender of Waterford and dated the 24th of July, 1690, should extend to real as well as personal estates, which article we have lately ratified; upon consideration of this matter and your report thereon we have thought fit, for removing all such doubts, hereby to declare that the word property ought, according to the true meaning and signification thereof, to be construed to extend to both real and personal estates. Roman Catholics are therefore to enjoy the full benefit of the said article according to our said declaration; and you are to give order accordingly. [S.P. Ireland King's Letter Book 1, p. 352.]

Calendars. 23 Mar 1693. Kensington. Commission for Robert Pinsent, gentleman, to be lieutenant to Capt. Simon Duft's [Dust's?] company in Col. William Selwyn's regiment of foot. [H.O. Military Entry Book 2, p. 348.]

Calendars. 23 Mar 1693. Kensington. Warrant to prepare a bill containg a grant to Edward Russell, esq., of the office of treasurer of the chamber, with all advantages to the said office belonging as enjoyed by Sir Rowland Gwynn. [H.O. Warrant Book 6, p. 527].

Calendars. 23 Mar 1693. Kensington. Warrant for the ship the Marshal Dorfling, commanded by Capt. Whittaker, taken by a privateer of St. Malo on the 29th of December and retaken on the 1st of January, to be restored to the owners upon their paying salvage in such proportion as settled by the treaty lately made in cases of reprisals. [Ibid., p. 528.]

Calendars. 23 Mar 1693. Kensington. Warrant to prepare a bill for revoking certain letters patent, whereby were constituted and appointed Charles, Lord Cornwallis, Sir John Lowther, Sir Richard Onslow, Henry Priestman, esq., Anthony, Viscount Falkland, Robert Austen, esq., and Sir Robert Rich, as commissioners for executing the office of high admiral of England; and also for constituting and appointing the aforenamed persons and Henry Killigrew (age 41), esq., and Sir Ralph Delaval (age 52), commissioners for executing the said office and also that of high admiral of Ireland. [Ibid., p. 529].

Letters of Horace Walpole. 23 Mar 1752. Arlington Street. To Horace Mann 1st Baronet (age 45).

Mr. Conway (age 31) has been arrived this fortnight, or a week sooner than we expected him: but my Lady Ailesbury (age 31) forgives it! He is full of your praises, so you have not sowed your goodness in unthankful ground. By a letter I have just received from you he finds you have missed some from him with Commissions; but he will tell you about them himself I find him much leaner, and great cracks in his beauty. Your picture is arrived, which he says is extremely like you. Mr. Chute (age 51) cannot bear it; says it wants your countenance and goodness; that it looks bonny and Irish. I am between both, and should know it; to be sure, there is none of your wet-brown-paperness in it, but it has a look with which I have known you come out of your little room, when Richcourt has raised your ministerial French, and you have writ to England about it till you were half fuddled. Au reste, it is gloriously coloured-will Astley promise to continue to do as well? or has he, like all other English painters, only laboured this to get reputation, and then intends to daub away to get money?

The year has not kept the promise of tranquillity that it made you at Christmas; there has been another parliamentary bustle. The Duke of Argyll (age 69)299 has drawn the ministry into accommodating him with a notable job, under the notion of buying for the King from the mortgagees the forfeited estates in Scotland, which are to be colonized and civilized. It passed with some inconsiderable hitches through the Commons; but in the Lords last week the Duke of Bedford (age 41) took it up warmly, and spoke like another Pitt.300 He attacked the Duke of Argyll (age 69) on favouring Jacobites, and produced some flagrant instances, which the Scotch Duke neither answered nor endeavoured to excuse, but made a strange, hurt, mysterious, contemptuous, incoherent speech, neither in defence of the bill nor in reply to the Duke of Bedford, but to my Lord Bath (age 68), who had fallen upon the ministry for assuming a dispensing power, in suffering Scotland to pay no taxes for the last five years. This speech, which formerly would have made the House of Commons take up arms, was strangely flat and unanimated, for want of his old chorus. Twelve lords divided against eighty that were for the bill. The Duke, who was present, would not vote; none of his people had attended the bill in the other House, and General Mordaunt (age 55) (by his orders, as it is imagined) spoke against it. This concludes the session: the King goes to Hanover on Tuesday, he has been scattering ribands of all colours, blue ones [Note. Reference to being created a Knight of the Garter] on Prince Edward (age 12), the young Stadtholder, and the Earls of Lincoln (age 31), Winchilsea (age 62), and Cardigan (age 39);301 a green one [Note. Reference to being created a Knight of the Order of the Thistle] on Lord Dumfries;302 a red [Note. Order of the Bath] on Lord Onslow (age 39).303

The world is still mad about the Gunnings; the Duchess of Hamilton (age 18) was presented on Friday; the crowd was so great, that even the noble mob in the drawing-room clambered upon chairs and tables to look at her. There are mobs at their doors to see them get into their chairs; and people go early to get places at the theatres when it is known they will be there. Dr. Sacheverel never made more noise than these two beauties [Note. Elizabeth Gunning Duchess Hamilton and Argyll (age 18) and Maria Gunning Countess Coventry (age 19)].

There are two wretched women that just now are as much talked of, a Miss Jefferies1 and a Miss Blandy (age 32)2; the one condemned for murdering her uncle, the other her father. Both their stories have horrid circumstances; the first, having been debauched by her uncle; the other had so tender a parent, that his whole concern while he was expiring, and knew her for his murderess, was to save her life. It is shocking to think what a shambles this country is grown! Seventeen were executed this morning, after having murdered the turnkey on Friday night, and almost forced open Newgate. One is forced to travel, even at noon, as if one was going to battle.

Mr. Chute (age 51) is as much yours as ever, except in the article of pen and ink. Your brother transacts all he can for the Lucchi, as he has much more weight there304 than Mr. Chute. Adieu!

Note 299. Archibald Campbell (age 69), Duke of argyll, formerly Earl of Isla.

Note 300. For Lord Hardwicke's notes of this speech, see Parl. Hist. vol. xiv. P. 1235.-E.

Note 301. George Brudenell, fourth Earl of cardigan (age 39), created Duke of Montagu in 1776; died in 1790.-D.

Note 302. William Crichton Dalrymple (age 53), fourth Earl [Note. Mistake. He was 5th Earl] of Dumfries in Scotland, in right of his mother. He also became, in 1760, fourth Earl of stair, and died in 1768.-D.

Note 303. George, third Lord Onslow (age 39); died in 1776.-D.

Note 304. With the late Mr. Whithed's brothers, who scrupled paying a small legacy and annuity to his mistress and child.

Note 1. Elizabeth Jeffries was to have received her uncle's estate but as a consequence of her bad behaviour he stated he would change his will. She, with accomplices, murdered her uncle. She was executed at a temporary gibbet at the Sixth Milestone Epping Forest on 28 Mar 1572.

Note 2. Mary Blandy (age 32) who was found guilty of poisoning her father and executed on 06 Apr 1752.

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After 23 Mar 1821. St Withburga's Church, Holkham [Map]. Grave slab to Anne Dutton (deceased).

Anne Dutton: Samuel Blackwell and she were married. Around 1743 she was born to James Lenox Dutton and Jane Bond. On 23 Mar 1821 Anne Dutton died at Holkham Hall, Norfolk.

Adeline Horsey Recollections. On March 23, 1843, I experienced the first real sorrow of my happy girlhood, for my beloved mother died after an attack of scarlet fever.

The blow was a terrible one. Mamma was a beautiful, charming woman, and she was loved by every one who knew her. It seemed hard to bow to the decree of a Providence that deprived us of her, for she was so helpful, so interested in all we did, the most perfect wife and mother, and the most sympathetic of friends.

One of my treasured possessions is a gold cross containing a relic of St. Stephen which she once gave me; I often wear it, and I then always feel very "near to her, and I am convinced that her gentle spirit has sustained and comforted me in many sorrows I have experienced.

Adeline Horsey Recollections. After mamma's death I kept house for papa at 8 Upper Grosvenor Street. My brothers were rarely at home. William (age 17) was educated at Eton [Map], and when he was sixteen years old the Duke of Wellington (age 73) gave him a commission in the Grenadier Guards. Later he went through the Crimean War, and he retired from the Army in 1883, on account of ill-health, with the rank of Lieutenant-General.

Algernon (age 16) entered the Navy in 1840 as a midshipman, and the same year took part in the operations on the coast of Syria. After the battle of Acre he received the Turkish medal and clasps: his promotion was rapid, and as Admiral, his flagship, the Shah, engaged the Huascar, which he forced to surrender to the Peruvian authorities.

Now that I was so much alone I occasionally found time hang heavy on my hands, and I welcomed any excitement as a break in the monotony, for of course our period of mourning prevented us entertaining or accepting invitations. One day my maid told me about a fortune-teller who had a wonderful gift for predicting the future. I was very much interested, and made up my mind to consult the oracle. My maid attempted to dissuade me, saying that the woman lived in Bridge Street, Westminster, which was not at all a nice neighbourhood. I have always had my own way and, disguised in a borrowed cloak, bonnet and thick veil, and accompanied by my protesting servant, I started off to Bridge Street late one November afternoon.

It was dusk when we reached Westminster and found Bridge Street, badly lighted and evil-smelling. We knocked at the door, stated whom we wished to see, and we were ushered through a dark passage into a dirty room reeking of tobacco.

The fortune-teller was a wrinkled old woman who was smoking a short clay pipe with evident enjoyment. When I told her what I had come for, she produced a greasy pack of cards, and after I had "crossed her pahn" she commenced to tell my future.

"Ah!" said she at last, and she looked curiously, "my pretty young lady, fate holds a great deal in store for you. You will not marry for several years, but when you do it will be to a widower - a man in a high position. You will suffer much unkindness before you experience real happiness, you will obtain much and lose much, you will marry again after your husband's death, and you will live to a great age".

I was quite impressed by my "fortune", but I was a little disappointed, for like most girls I had my day-dreams of a young husband, and the prospect of a widower was thus rather depressing.

Strangely enough, the prediction came true, for Lord Cardigan (age 45) was a widower, and nearly all the men who proposed to me were widowers ! I was asked in marriage by Lord Sherborne (age 38), a widower with ten children; by the Duke of Leeds (age 40), who was a widower with eleven children, and by Christopher Maunsell Talbot (age 39), once Father of the House of Commons, also a widower with four children. Prince Soltykoff, the Duke of St. Albans (age 41), Harry Howard, and Disraeli (age 38) were other widowers who proposed to me, so I suppose I must have had some unaccountable fascination for bereaved husbands.

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Letters of James McNeill Whistler 1863. 16 Mar 1863 or 23 Mar 1863. 7a Queens Road West, Chelsea. Monday - / March

Dear Rose (age 43) -

Any news about "my house" - . Is it all right? am I wanted to take any step? or will it all be settled without me? Are you going to make him do anything at all to the house and can I go in shortly when the agreement is made

I have been knocked up for a couple of days with rheumatism but hope to get to work again tomorrow - I was very sorry not to see you the other day at Rossetti's (age 34) -

Will you drop me a line about the house.

With many thanks

Ever Yours

J Whistler (age 28)

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After 23 Mar 1910. Memorials to Henry Basil Houson and his daughter Kathleen at St Nicholas' Church, Fulbeck.

Births on the 23rd March

On 23 Mar 1581 Edward de Vere was born illegitimately to Edward de Vere 17th Earl of Oxford (age 30) and Anne Vavasour (age 21). Both parents were imprisoned in Tower of London [Map] the Queen Elizabeth I of England and Ireland (age 47) as a consequence. Edward de Vere 17th Earl of Oxford (age 30) was released several months later but banished from court until 1583.

On 23 Mar 1642 Hester Davenport Countess of Oxford was born.

On 23 Mar 1655 Richard Myddelton 3rd Baronet was born to Thomas Myddelton 1st Baronet (age 30) and Maria Cholmondeley (age 27).

On 23 Mar 1669 John Wodehouse 4th Baronet was born to Thomas Wodehouse.

On 23 Mar 1678 Richard Granville was born to Richard Granville (age 32).

On 23 Mar 1713 Bowen Southwell was born to Thomas Southwell 1st Baron Southwell (age 48) and Meliora Coningsby (age 37).

On 23 Mar 1724 Thomas Alston 5th Baronet was born to Rowland Alston 4th Baronet (age 44).

After 23 Mar 1769 Anne Fitzpatrick was born to John Fitzpatrick 2nd Earl Upper Ossory (age 23) and Anne Liddell Duchess Grafton (age 32).

After 23 Mar 1769 Gertrude Fitzpatrick was born to John Fitzpatrick 2nd Earl Upper Ossory (age 23) and Anne Liddell Duchess Grafton (age 32).

On 23 Mar 1782 Frances Shirley was born to Washington Shirley 8th Earl Ferrers (age 21) and Frances Ward.

On 23 Mar 1793 John Henry Lowther 2nd Baronet was born to John Lowther 1st Baronet (age 33) and Elizabeth Fane (age 23).

On 23 Mar 1813 Francis Burdett 7th Baronet was born to William Jones Burdett (age 41).

On or before 23 Mar 1817 Matthew Noble was born to Robert Noble at Hackness. He was baptised on 23 Mar 1817 at Hackness.

On 23 Mar 1820 Reverend William Greenwell was born to William Thomas Greenwell (age 43) and Dorothy Smales at Greenwell Ford, Lanchester.

On 23 Mar 1841 Frank Cavendish Lascelles was born to William Lascelles (age 42) and Caroline Georgiana Howard (age 37).

On 23 Mar 1854 Alfred Milner 1st Viscount Milner was born.

On 23 Mar 1865 James Somerville 2nd Baron Meredyth and Athlumney was born to William Meredyth Somerville 1st Baron Meredyth and Athlumney (age 63) and Maria Georgiana Elizabeth Jones (age 33).

On 23 Mar 1905 Francis Pelham 7th Earl Chichester was born to Jocelyn Pelham 6th Earl Chichester (age 33) and Ruth Buxton Countess Chichester.

On 23 Mar 1925 Kenneth Ray Reade 13th Baronet was born to Leverne Elton Reade (age 33).

Marriages on the 23rd March

On 23 Mar 1636 Robert Nugent 1st Earl Nugent and Anne Craggs were married.

On 23 Mar 1658 Henry Wright 1st Baronet (age 21) and Ann Crew Lady Wright were married at the Church of St Giles in the Fields.

On 23 Mar 1769 Augustus Henry Fitzroy 3rd Duke Grafton (age 33) and Anne Liddell Duchess Grafton (age 32) were divorced when he discovered she was pregnant by her lover John Fitzpatrick 2nd Earl Upper Ossory (age 23) whom she subsequently married. Plans to marry his mistress Anne aka Nancy Parsons Viscountess Maynard (age 34), if they existed, were undermined by the the discovery he discovered she was having an affair with John Frederick Sackville 3rd Duke Dorset (age 23).

Deaths on the 23rd March

On 23 Mar 1369 Peter "Cruel" I King Castile (age 34) was murdered by his half-brother Henry "Fratricide" II King Castile (age 35) outside the wall of the castle of Montiel, La Mancha. His half brother Henry "Fratricide" II King Castile (age 35) succeeded II King Castile.

On 23 Mar 1618 James Hamilton 1st Earl Abercorn (age 42) died. On 23 Mar 1618 His son James Hamilton 2nd Earl Abercorn (age 14) succeeded 2nd Earl Abercorn.

On 23 Mar 1629 Francis Fane 1st Earl of Westmoreland (age 49) died. His son Mildmay Fane 2nd Earl of Westmoreland (age 27) succeeded 2nd Earl of Westmoreland, 5th Baron Despencer, 2nd Baron Burghesh in Suffolk. Grace Thornhurst Countess of Westmoreland (age 25) by marriage Countess of Westmoreland.

Francis Fane (age 18) inherited Fulbeck Hall. The Hall was confiscated from him during the Commonwealth; he bought it back.

On 23 Mar 1675 William Walter 1st Baronet (age 71) died. His son William Walter 2nd Baronet (age 40) succeeded 2nd Baronet Walter of Saresden in Oxfordshire.

On 23 Mar 1691 Mary Langham Countess Warrington (age 39) died.

On 23 Mar 1730 Charles I Landgrave Hesse-Kassel (age 75) died.

On 23 Mar 1732 Frederick Saxe Coburg Altenburg II Duke Saxe Gotha Altenburg (age 55) died at Altenburg. His son Duke Frederick III of Saxe Coburg Altenburg III (age 32) succeeded III Duke Saxe Gotha Altenburg. Luise Dorothea Saxe Meiningen Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg (age 21) by marriage Duchess Saxe Gotha Altenburg.

On 23 Mar 1740 Thomas Bruce 7th Earl Kincardine (age 77) died. His son William Bruce 8th Earl Kincardine succeeded 8th Earl Kincardine.

On 23 Mar 1748 Bridget Bertie Countess Paulett died.

On 23 Mar 1757 Archbishop Thomas Herring (age 64) died. He was buried in Croydon Minster [Map].

On 23 Mar 1770 Martin van Meytens (age 74) died.

On 23 Mar 1789 Thomas Osborne 4th Duke Leeds (age 75) died at St James' Square. He was buried at the Osborne Family Chapel at All Hallows' Church Harthill [Map]. His son Francis Osborne 5th Duke Leeds (age 38) succeeded 5th Duke Leeds, 5th Earl of Danby, 5th Viscount Osborne, 5th Viscount Latimer, 5th Baron Osborne of Kinderton, 6th Baronet Osborne of Kiveton. Catherine Anguish Duchess Leeds (age 25) by marriage Duchess Leeds.

On 23 Mar 1825 Frederick Irby 2nd Baron Boston (age 75) died at Lower Grosvenor Street, Belgravia. His son George Irby 3rd Baron Boston (age 47) succeeded 3rd Baron Boston, 4th Baronet Irby of Whaplode and Boston. Rachel Ives Drake Baroness Boston (age 42) by marriage Baroness Boston.

On 23 Mar 1845 Justinian Isham 8th Baronet (age 71) died. His son Justinian Isham 9th Baronet (age 28) succeeded 9th Baronet Isham of Lamport in Northamptonshire.

On 23 Mar 1864 Bingham Baring 2nd Baron Ashburton (age 64) died. His brother Francis Baring 3rd Baron Ashburton (age 63) succeeded 3rd Baron Ashburton of Ashburton in Devon. Claire Hortense Maret Baroness Ashburton (age 52) by marriage Baroness Ashburton of Ashburton in Devon.

On 23 Mar 1879 Julia Valenza Somerville Lady Head (age 86) died.

On 23 Mar 1913 Katrine Cecilia Compton Countess Cowper (age 68) died.

On 23 Mar 1924 Florence Mary Cole Countess Erne (age 74) died.

On 23 Mar 1927 Paul César Helleu (age 67) died.

On 23 Mar 1943 Mervyn Horatio Herbert 17th Baron Darcy of Knayth (age 38) died whilst on active service. He was buried at St Mary's Church, Welshpool.

He was participating in a training night exercise when his Mosquito intercepted a Stirling bomber returning from a leaflet dropping raid in Europe, following which the Mosquito crashed into the ground near Manningtree, Essex [Map], killing both Herbert and his navigator Albert Eastwood; possibly a friendly fire incident?

Davina Darcy 18th Baroness Darcy of Knayth (age 4) succeeded 18th Baroness Darcy of Knayth.

On 23 Mar 2004 Richard Lumley 12th Earl of Scarbrough (age 71) died. His son Richard Lumley 13th Earl of Scarbrough (age 30) succeeded 13th Earl Scarborough, 14th Viscount Lumley.