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On this Day in History ... 31st March
31 Mar is in March.
Events on the 31st March
On 31 Mar 1084 Henry "Black Pious" Salian III Holy Roman Emperor was crowned as IV Holy Roman Emperor in St Peter's Basilica, Vatican.
On 31 Mar 1360 Philippa Lancaster Queen Consort Portugal was born to John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 20) and Blanche Plantagenet Duchess Lancaster (age 15) at Leicester Castle [Map]. She a granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 31 Mar 1373 Catherine of Lancaster Queen Consort Castile was born to John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 33) and Constance of Castile Duchess of Lancaster (age 19) at Hertford Castle [Map]. She a granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 31 Mar 1387 Sigismund I King Hungary I King Germany I King Bohemia Holy Roman Emperor Luxemburg (age 19) was crowned I King Hungary.
On 31 Mar 1439 Joan Aviz Queen Consort Castile was born to Edward "The Philosopher" I King Portugal and Eleanor Trastámara Queen Consort Portugal. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 4.40%.
On 31 Mar 1472 Piero Trastámara was born to Alfonso II King Naples (age 23) and Ippolita Maria Sforza (age 25).
On 31 Mar 1519 King Henry II of France was born to King Francis I of France (age 24) and Claude Valois Orléans Queen Consort France (age 19). Coefficient of inbreeding 4.50%.
Letters and Papers 1533. 31 Mar 1533. 296. During the last few days there has been here a Scotch gentleman, who, under pretence of being the French king's servant, has had a safe-conduct to come here. He has been several times at court, both in company with the French ambassador and alone, I know not for what object. I sent to him a confidential person to learn news, with instructions, if he found him inclined to your Majesty, to make him my recommendations; of which the said gentleman showed himself very glad; and though he suspected the said person was sent by others (que le dit personnage ne fut envoye dailleurs), he did not refrain from saying that although he had given the English to understand he was going to France to stay, he was only going on the affairs of his prince, and the first thing the duke of Norfolk had said to him was, how many men-of-war had passed from Flanders into Scotland? The said person also inquired of him about the charge of Beauboers (Beauvais), lately sent by the king of France into Scotland; but their conversation was interrupted by others. The Scotchman said he would see me next day, and tell me more; but as I knew he could not come to me without its being discovered, I countermanded it, which he takes in good part. I am told he carries the duplicate of the alliances between France and Scotland, in order to demand assistance of the French king.
Letters and Papers 1533. 31 Mar 1533. 296. As yet the secular deputies of the Commons have refused to consent to the King's demands against the authority of the Pope, and have even strongly resisted them, alleging several reasons, among which it has been well considered that if the Pope, feeling aggrieved at this, induced Christian princes to regard this kingdom as schismatic, and would only interrupt their traffic in wool, which is the one thing that supports them, it would create a horrible rebellion, and more than civil war. Those on the King's side urge that there is no such danger, because neighbouring princes would be only too glad to follow his example. As for the King's menaces and intrigues, the Nuncio has complained of them to the King, saying the world would find it strange that he who had formerly written in favor of the Pope's authority would thus annul it against God, reason, and the obedience he had given to this Pope, following in the footsteps of his predecessors. The King replied that what he did was for the preservation of his own authority, and to protect himself against injuries done to him at Rome; that it was quite true that he had written books in favor of the Pope, but he had studied the question more deeply, and found the contrary of what he had written to be true, and that possibly they might yet give him occasion to study further, and re-confirm what he had written,—intimating that it only depended on the Pope complying with his wishes.
Letters and Papers 1533. 31 Mar 1533. 296. Nothing new has occurred on the side of Scotland, except that four days since the Scotch took eight English ships laden with goods; for which reason those here have at last despatched (fait marchier) the six ships of which I wrote, which had not yet dared to leave this river. I am told that but for the importunity of the merchants, who offered partly to defray the cost, the King made no account of sending them, so little does he care about affairs, except about his new marriage.
Notwithstanding your order to the gentlemen of the finances of Flanders to pay me my due, they write that they are so burdened they do not know how to succour me. I beg you will consider my necessity. London, 31 March 1533. Hol., Fr., pp. 5. From a modern copy.
Letters and Papers 1533. 31 Mar 1533. Vienna Archives. 296. Chapuys (age 43) to Charles V.
As I wrote before, the King was only waiting for the bulls of the archbishopric of Canterbury, in order to proceed to the decision of his marriage; which having arrived within these five days, to the great regret of everybody, the King was extremely urgent with the synod here for the determination of his said affair, "tenant Passistance se de que," so that those present could scarcely eat or drink, and using such terms to them that no one dared open his mouth to contradict, except the good bishop of Rochester. But his single voice cannot avail against the majority, so that the Queen and he now consider her cause desperate. It is expected that the new marriage will be solemnised before Easter or immediately after, for all the necessary preparations are already in order, the royal estate of the lady is already made, and nothing remains but to publish it. Everybody cries out "au murdre" against the Pope for the delay he has used in this affair, and also because he has not delayed the despatch of the said bulls until after the definitive sentence, because he was warned of the great danger of granting them; and there is not a lord in this court, either on the King's side or the Queen's, who does not say publicly that his Holiness will betray your Majesty. But the dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk speak of it with more assurance, saying they know it well, and could give good evidence of it; though I believe their words proceed rather from hatred than from truth. His Holiness will be among the first to repent this, for he will lose his authority here, which will be not a little scandal to Christendom, and prejudice to the Queen. For among other things contained in the libel exhibited in Parliament against the Pope's authority, it is expressed that no one shall appeal from here to Rome on any matter, temporal or spiritual, on pain of confiscation of body and goods as a rebel; and that this statute is to be valid not only for the future but even for processes already commenced, which clause directly applies to the Queen; and I have been informed, though I cannot believe it, that if the Queen persist in her appeal the King will deprive her of her dowry (dot et douaire).
Letters and Papers 1533. 31 Mar 1533. 296. I have not been able to learn the particulars of Rochford's (age 30) charge, but I am told on good authority it is founded "en beaulcop de diableries et choses extravagantes," [lots of devilry and extravagant things] and that he had already some days ago left the court of France without effecting anything. The doctor whom the King had sent to Hamburg and to the king of Denmark returned three days ago, and with him there has come a merchant, a gentleman of the said king of Denmark, whom he sends to this King, who only discovered himself to the said doctor at Calais. I am told he is one of the principal personages of that country, and that he came to offer his service to this King;—which I do not believe, at least not against the Scots, considering the relations the king of Denmark has with them. I will inquire both about him and the doctor. Hearing there were some foot soldiers in Holland, I have tried to discover if there was any intrigue going on here, but I can learn nothing of it.
On 31 Mar 1547 King Francis I of France (age 52) died. His son King Henry II of France (age 28) succeeded II King France: Capet Valois Angoulême.
Henry Machyn's Diary. 31 Mar 1562. The xxxj day of Marche dyd pryche at the [court], that was Ester tuwysday, master Nowelle (age 45) the dene of Powlles.
On 31 Mar 1576 Electress Louise Juliana of the Palatine Rhine was born to William "The Silent" Orange Nassau I Prince Orange (age 42) and Charlotte Bourbon Princess Orange (age 29).
In Mar 1586 a virulent outbreak of gaol fever occurred during the Assizes in Exeter, Devon [Map]. The cause according to modern medical opinion was typhus transmitted by the human body-louse. Among the dead victims were eight judges, eleven of the twelve jurors, several constables, and the surrounding population which was ravaged by the disease for several months.
Edward Flowerdew died of gaol fever.
On 28 Mar 1586 Thomas Carew of Haccombe (age 70) died of gaol fever.
On 31 Mar 1586 John Chichester died of gaol fever.
On 01 Apr 1586 Robert Carey (age 71) died of gaol fever.
On 02 Apr 1586 Arthur Bassett (age 45) died of gaol fever.
On 10 Apr 1586 Bernard Drake (age 58) died of gaol fever.
Diary of Anne Clifford 1616. 31 Mar 1616. Upon the 31st being Easter Day I received with my Mother in the Chapel at Broome [Map] [sec].
On 31 Mar 1621 Philip III King Spain (age 42) died. His son Philip IV King Spain (age 15) succeeded IV King Spain.
On 31 Mar 1651 Charles Palatinate Simmern II Elector Palatine Rhine was born to Charles Louis Palatinate Simmern (age 33) and Charlotte Hesse-Kassel (age 23) at Heidelburg. He a great grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.
Pepy's Diary. 31 Mar 1662. This morning Mr. Coventry (age 34) and all our company met at the office about some business of the victualling, which being dispatched we parted. I to my Lord Crew's to dinner (in my way calling upon my brother Tom (age 28), with whom I staid a good while and talked, and find him a man like to do well, which contents me much), where used with much respect, and talking with him about my Lord's debts, and whether we should make use of an offer of Sir G. Carteret's (age 52) to lend my Lady 4 or £500, he told me by no means, we must not oblige my Lord to him, and by the by he made a question whether it was not my Lord's interest a little to appear to the King (age 31) in debt, and for people to clamor against him as well as others for their money, that by that means the King (age 31) and the world may see that he do lay out for the King's honour upon his own main stock, which many he tells me do, that in fine if there be occasion he and I will be bound for it.
Pepy's Diary. 31 Mar 1662. Thence to Sir Thomas Crew's (age 38) lodgings. He hath been ill, and continues so, under fits of apoplexy. Among other things, he and I did discourse much of Mr. Montagu's base doings, and the dishonour that he will do my Lord, as well as cheating him of 2 or £3,000, which is too true.
Pepy's Diary. 31 Mar 1664. Up betimes, and to my office, where by and by comes Povy (age 50), Sir W. Rider, Mr. Bland, Creed, and Vernaty, about my Lord Peterborough's (age 42) accounts, which we now went through, but with great difficulty, and many high words between Mr. Povy (age 50) and I; for I could not endure to see so many things extraordinary put in, against truthe and reason. He was very angry, but I endeavoured all I could to profess my satisfaction in my Lord's part of the accounts, but not in those foolish idle things, they say I said, that others had put in. Anon we rose and parted, both of us angry, but I contented, because I knew all of them must know I was in the right.
Pepy's Diary. 31 Mar 1665. So to Povy (age 51), and with him spent the afternoon very busy, till I was weary of following this and neglecting my navy business. So at night called my wife at my Lady's, and so home. To my office and there made up my month's account, which, God be praised! rose to £1300. Which I bless God for. So after 12 o'clock home to supper and to bed. I find Creed mightily transported by my Lord of Falmouth's (age 35) kind words to him, and saying that he hath a place in his intention for him, which he believes will be considerable. A witty man he is in every respect, but of no good nature, nor a man ordinarily to be dealt with. My Baroness Castlemayne (age 24) is sicke again, people think, slipping her filly.
Pepy's Diary. 31 Mar 1665. So to my Lady Sandwich's (age 40) to dinner, and up to her chamber after dinner, and there discoursed about Sir G. Carteret's (age 55) son, in proposition between us two for my Lady Jemimah.
Pepy's Diary. 31 Mar 1665. Up betimes and walked to my Lord Ashly (age 43), and there with Creed after long waiting spoke with him, and was civilly used by him; thence to Sir Ph. Warwicke (age 55), and then to visit my Lord of Falmouth (age 35), who did also receive me pretty civilly, but not as I expected; he, I perceive, believing that I had undertaken to justify Povy's (age 51) accounts, taking them upon myself, but I rectified him therein.
Pepy's Diary. 31 Mar 1667. After dinner Balty (age 27) (who dined also with us) and I with Sir J. Minnes (age 68) in his coach to White Hall, but did nothing, but by water to Strand Bridge and thence walked to my Lord Treasurer's (age 60), where the King (age 36), Duke of York (age 33), and the Caball, and much company without; and a fine day.
Pepy's Diary. 31 Mar 1667. Anon come out from the Caball my Lord Hollis (age 67) and Mr. H. Coventry (age 48), who, it is conceived, have received their instructions from the King (age 36) this day; they being to begin their journey towards their treaty at Bredagh speedily, their passes being come. Here I saw the Baroness Northumberland (age 44) and her daughter-in-law (age 21), my Lord Treasurer's (age 60) daughter, my Lady Piercy, a beautiful lady indeed.
Pepy's Diary. 31 Mar 1668. Up pretty betimes and to the office, where we sat all the morning, and at noon I home to dinner, where uncle Thomas dined with me, as he do every quarter, and I paid him his pension; and also comes Mr. Hollier (age 59) a little fuddled, and so did talk nothing but Latin, and laugh, that it was very good sport to see a sober man in such a humour, though he was not drunk to scandal. At dinner comes a summons for this office and the Victualler to attend a Committee of Parliament this afternoon, with Sir Prince, which I accordingly did, with my papers relating to the sending of victuals to Sir John Harman's (age 43) fleete; and there, Sir R. Brookes (age 31) in the chair, we did give them a full account, but, Lord! to see how full they are and immoveable in their jealousy that some means are used to keep Harman (age 43) from coming home, for they have an implacable desire to know the bottom of the not improving the first victory, and would lay it upon Brouncker (age 48). Having given them good satisfaction I away thence, up and down, wanting a little to see whether I could get Mrs. Burroughes out, but elle being in the shop ego did speak con her much, she could not then go far, and so I took coach and away to Unthanke's, and there took up my wife and Deb., and to the Park, where, being in a Hackney, and they undressed, was ashamed to go into the tour, but went round the park, and so with pleasure home, where Mr. Pelting come and sat and talked late with us, and he being gone, I called Deb. to take pen, ink, and paper and write down what things come into my head for my wife to do in order to her going into the country, and the girl, writing not so well as she would do, cried, and her mistress construed it to be sullenness, and so away angry with her too, but going to bed she undressed me, and there I did give her good advice and baiser la, elle weeping still.
Pepy's Diary. 31 Mar 1669. Thence to Dancre's (age 44), and there, saw our pictures which are in doing; and I did choose a view of Rome instead of Hampton Court [Map]; and mightily pleased I shall be in them. Here were Sir Charles Cotterell (age 53) and his son bespeaking something; both ingenious men.
Pepy's Diary. 31 Mar 1669. Up, and by water to Sir W. Coventry's (age 41), there to talk with him about business of the Navy, and received from him direction what to advise the Duke of York (age 35) at this time, which was, to submit and give way to the King's naming a man or two, that the people about him have a mind should be brought into the Navy, and perhaps that may stop their fury in running further against the whole; and this, he believes, will do it. After much discourse with him, I walked out with him into St. James's Park, where, being afeard to be seen with him, he having not leave yet to kiss the King's hand, but notice taken, as I hear, of all that go to him, I did take the pretence of my attending the Tangier Committee, to take my leave, though to serve him I should, I think, stick at nothing. At the Committee, this morning, my Lord Middleton (age 61) declares at last his being ready to go, as soon as ever money can be made ready to pay the garrison: and so I have orders to get money, but how soon I know not.
On 31 Mar 1670 Louis Auguste Bourbon Duke Maine was born illegitimately to Louis "Sun King" XIV King France (age 31) and Françoise Athénaïs Marquise Montespan (age 29).
On 31 Mar 1678 Richard Sanford was born to John Sanford of Nynehead Florey, Somerset (age 40) and Elizabeth Knightley (age 24). He was baptised the same day. On 07 Apr 1678 he died. On 09 Apr 1638 he was buried at St Mary's Church, Fawsley [Map].
John Sanford of Nynehead Florey, Somerset: In 1638 he was born. On 21 Jun 1670 he and Elizabeth Knightley were married at St Katharine Cree Church. In 1711 he died.
Elizabeth Knightley: On 08 Jul 1653 she was born to Lucius Knightley and Elizabeth Dent. On 26 Sep 1711 Elizabeth Knightley died.
On 31 Mar 1682 John Freschville 1st Baron Frescheville (age 74) died. Baron Frescheville of Staveley extinct. The last of the male line of Freschville. He was buried in St John the Baptist's Church, Staveley [Map] where his third wife Anna Charlotte De Vic commissioned a monument. Sarcophagus with seated putti.
Anna Charlotte De Vic: she was born to Henry de Vic. In Dec 1666 John Freschville 1st Baron Frescheville and she were married. On 12 Nov 1717 she died.
Roger Whitley's Diary. 31 Mar 1690. Monday, Davenport the wyerman came about some work; then came Farington, Span, Burrows, Mercer & Jackson; then Angell; they all dined with me (but Davenport) bowled, went back in the evening; & Morgan went with them; Roger Brereton came in the afternoone & stayd all night.
Calendars. 31 Mar 1693. Whitehall. Warrant for the allowance of the expenses (amounting to 518l. 14s. 10d.) of Sir William Dutton Colt (age 47), knt., for investing the Elector of Saxony (age 24) with the order of the Garter at Dresden the 26th of Jan., 1698. [Ibid., p. 588.]
Calendars. Mar 1693. Kensington. Warrant to [Viscount Sydney] to grant to Godert, Earl of Athlone, (1) allthe manors, lands, &c., &c., forfeited for treason by Christopher Fleming, Baron of Slane; and (2) the following lands, which formerly belonged to the late King James whilst he was Duke of York and which are much intermixed with the said lands of Lord Slane, viz., Rochestown, part of Stackallan, part of Rosetown, part of Corballyes, part of Barnwalstown, Avillstown, and parts of Slane, Brayestown, Bryanstown and Faganstown, all in the barony of Slane and county of Meath. The town of Slane, heretofore erected into a manor, is to be continued as such, with privileges, market and fairs as before. Provided always that this grant to the Earl of Athlone shall not prejudice the grant we directed, by our letters of 8 April last, to be made to Henry Guy, Robert Rochfort and Matthew Hutton, esquires, of all the estate of inheritance or freehold enjoyed by the said Duke of York in Ireland on 5 February, 1684. [S.P. Dom. Signet Office Letter Book 12, p. 580.]
Calendars. 31 Mar 1693. Whitehall. Pass for John vanden Bosch, to go to Harwich and Holland. [S.P. Dom. Warrant Book 87, p. 12.]
Evelyn's Diary. 31 Mar 1693. I met the King (age 42) going to Gravesend [Map] to embark in his yacht for Holland.
Calendars. 31 Mar 1693. Whitehall. Sir John Trenchard to the Commissioners for Transportation. They are to order the ships taken up in the Bristol Channel or Irish Sea to come with the first opportunity to Portsmouth. The draught of water of the ships to be furnished to the victuallers and the Ordnance officers shall be the same as last year. [H.O. Admiralty Entry Book 1, p. 2.]
Calendars. 31 Mar 1693. Whitehall. Allowance of the expenses of Sir William Dutton Colt, knight, envoy extraordinary to the Hlector and Dukes of Brunswick and Luneburg, the Landgrave of Hesse Cassel, and the Elector of Saxony, from 17th of Nov. 1692, to the 28th Feb. 1693. One of the items is—"paid for a quarter's rent for a house at Hanover, and for lodgings at Brunswick and Wolfenbuttle, there being no accommodation to behad in Inns but what is very miserable and mean." [H.O. Warrant Book 6, p. 535.]
Calendars. Mar 1693. Kensington. Warrant to [the same] to cause William, Earl of FFL fahen. to be sworn of the privy council of Ireland. [Ibid., p. 596.]
On 31 Mar 1718 Infante Mariana Victoria of Spain was born to Philippe V King Spain (age 34) and Elisabeth Farnese Queen Consort Spain (age 25).
On 31 Mar 1723 Frederick V King Denmark and Norway was born to Christian VI King Denmark and Norway (age 23) at Christiansborg Castle.
After 31 Mar 1761. Monument to John Palmer (deceased) at Church of St Mary Magdalene, Ecton [Map] sculpted by H Cox. Bust by John Michael Rysbrack (age 66).
John Palmer: Around 1695 he was born to Thomas Palmer. On 31 Mar 1761 he died.
The London Gazette 13765. 31 Mar 1795. Dublin Castle, March 31 1795.
The Earl Camden (age 36), who embarked on Board His Majesty's, Yacht the Dorset at Holyhead about Five o'Clock Yesterday Evening, arrived in this Harbour at Three o'Clock this Evening, His Lordship, on his Arrival in Dublin, was received by the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs and Commons, of the City of Dublin. The Infantry in the Garrison lined the Streets through which his Lordship, attended by a Squadron of Dragoon Guards, proceeded to the Castle, and upon his Arrival there, at Six o'Clock. he was introduced in. Form to the Lords Justices, who received him under the Canopy of State in the Presence Chamber, from whence a Procession was made in the usual State to the Council Chamber. The Council sitting, his Lordship's Commission was read, and the Oaths being administered to him, his Excellency was invested with the Collar of the Most Illustrious Order of St. Patrick, and received the Sword from the Lords Justices. The Great Guns in His Majesty's Phœnix Park were then fired, and answered by Vollies from the Regiments on Duty. His Excellency afterwards repaired to the Presence Chamber, and received the Compliments of the Nobiility and other Persons of Distinction upon his safe Arrival, and taking upon him the Government of this Kingdom.
On 31 Mar 1900 Henry Windsor 1st Duke Gloucester was born to George V King United Kingdom (age 34) and Victoria Mary Teck Queen Consort England (age 32) at York Cottage, Sandringham Estate. Coefficient of inbreeding 1.84%.
31 Mar 1901. Census. Draycott Lodge
William Holman Hunt (age 73). Head. 73. Artist and Sculptor crossed out. Painter.
Marion Edith Waugh (age 54). Wife. 54.
Cyril Hunt (age 34). Son. 34. Tea Planter.
Florence Venney. Servant. 16. Under-housemaid.
Margaret Murdock. Servant. 37. Cook.
Cyril Hunt: On 27 Oct 1866 he was born to William Holman Hunt and Fanny Waugh. It is likely that this birth is the one that caused the death of his mother since she and William Holman-Hunt has only been married one year.
Births on the 31st March
On 31 Mar 1347 Frederick Habsburg III Duke Austria was born to Albert Habsburg II Duke Austria (age 48) and Johanna Pfirt Duchess Austria.
On 31 Mar 1360 Philippa Lancaster Queen Consort Portugal was born to John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 20) and Blanche Plantagenet Duchess Lancaster (age 15) at Leicester Castle [Map]. She a granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 31 Mar 1373 Catherine of Lancaster Queen Consort Castile was born to John of Gaunt 1st Duke Lancaster (age 33) and Constance of Castile Duchess of Lancaster (age 19) at Hertford Castle [Map]. She a granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 31 Mar 1439 Joan Aviz Queen Consort Castile was born to Edward "The Philosopher" I King Portugal and Eleanor Trastámara Queen Consort Portugal. She a great x 2 granddaughter of King Edward III of England. Coefficient of inbreeding 4.40%.
On 31 Mar 1472 Piero Trastámara was born to Alfonso II King Naples (age 23) and Ippolita Maria Sforza (age 25).
On 31 Mar 1519 King Henry II of France was born to King Francis I of France (age 24) and Claude Valois Orléans Queen Consort France (age 19). Coefficient of inbreeding 4.50%.
On 31 Mar 1555 Elizabeth Cavendish Countess Lennox was born to William Cavendish (age 50) and Bess of Hardwick (age 28) at Chatsworth House [Map].
On 31 Mar 1576 Electress Louise Juliana of the Palatine Rhine was born to William "The Silent" Orange Nassau I Prince Orange (age 42) and Charlotte Bourbon Princess Orange (age 29).
Around 31 Mar 1582 Sophie Hohenzollern was born to Albert Frederick Hohenzollern Duke Prussia (age 28).
On 31 Mar 1589 Anna Marie Wettin was born to Friedrich Wilhelm Wettin I Duke Saxe Weimar (age 26) and Sophie of Württemberg Duchess of Saxe-Weimar (age 25) at Weimar.
On 31 Mar 1597 John Wettin was born to Johann Wettin II Duke Saxe Weimar (age 26) and Dorothea Maria Anhalt at Weimar.
On 31 Mar 1651 Charles Palatinate Simmern II Elector Palatine Rhine was born to Charles Louis Palatinate Simmern (age 33) and Charlotte Hesse-Kassel (age 23) at Heidelburg. He a great grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.
On 31 Mar 1670 Louis Auguste Bourbon Duke Maine was born illegitimately to Louis "Sun King" XIV King France (age 31) and Françoise Athénaïs Marquise Montespan (age 29).
On 31 Mar 1697 Charles Stewart 5th Earl Traquair was born to Charles Stewart 4th Earl Traquair (age 38) and Mary Maxwell Countess Traquair (age 26). Coefficient of inbreeding 1.83%.
On 31 Mar 1718 Infante Mariana Victoria of Spain was born to Philippe V King Spain (age 34) and Elisabeth Farnese Queen Consort Spain (age 25).
Before 31 Mar 1722 Reverend William Anderson 6th Baronet was born to Edmund Anderson 5th Baronet (age 34).
On 31 Mar 1723 Frederick V King Denmark and Norway was born to Christian VI King Denmark and Norway (age 23) at Christiansborg Castle.
On 31 Mar 1740 Charles Spencer was born to Charles Spencer 3rd Duke of Marlborough (age 33) and Elizabeth Trevor Duchess of Marlborough (age 27).
On 31 Mar 1754 George Augustus Henry Cavendish 1st Earl Burlington was born to William Cavendish 4th Duke Devonshire (age 33) and Charlotte Elizabeth Boyle Marchioness Hartington (age 22).
On 31 Mar 1760 Augusta Campbell was born to John Campbell 5th Duke Argyll (age 36) and Elizabeth Gunning Duchess Hamilton and Argyll (age 26).
On 31 Mar 1767 Henry Paulet was born to George Paulett 12th Marquess Winchester (age 44) and Martha Ingoldsby Marchioness Winchester.
On 31 Mar 1790 Amelia Caroline Morison King was born illegitimately to George King 3rd Earl Kingston (age 18) and Amelia Caroline Morison at Fredicton.
On 31 Mar 1797 Walter Calverley Trevelyan 6th Baronet was born to John Trevelyan 5th Baronet (age 36) and Maria Wilson (age 25).
On 31 Mar 1800 William Cholmondeley 3rd Marquess Cholmondeley was born to George Cholmondeley 1st Marquess Cholmondeley (age 50) and Georgina Charlotte Bertie Marchioness Cholmondeley (age 38).
On 31 Mar 1812 Katherine Frances Ashburnham was born to George Ashburnham 3rd Earl Ashburnham (age 51) and Charlotte Percy Countess Ashburham (age 36).
On 31 Mar 1813 Francis Richard Grey was born to Charles Grey 2nd Earl Grey (age 49) and Mary Elizabeth Ponsonby Countess Grey (age 37).
On 31 Mar 1817 George William Lyttelton 4th Baron Lyttelton was born to William Henry Lyttelton 3rd Baron Lyttelton (age 34) and Sarah Spencer (age 29).
On 31 Mar 1839 Thomas Wrightson 1st Baronet was born to Thomas Wrightson (age 39).
On 31 Mar 1848 William Waldorf Astor 1st Viscount Astor was born.
On 31 Mar 1848 William Charles Wentworth-Fitzwilliam was born to William Thomas Wentworth-Fitzwilliam 6th and 4th Earl Fitzwilliam (age 32) and Frances Harriet Douglas Countess Fitzwilliam.
On 31 Mar 1863 Joseph Hood 1st Baronet was born at Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicestershire.
On 31 Mar 1900 Henry Windsor 1st Duke Gloucester was born to George V King United Kingdom (age 34) and Victoria Mary Teck Queen Consort England (age 32) at York Cottage, Sandringham Estate. Coefficient of inbreeding 1.84%.
On 31 Mar 1904 Gerald Rowland Clegg-Hill 7th Viscount Hill was born to Charles Rowland Clegg-Hill 6th Viscount Hill (age 27).
On 31 Mar 1906 Randle John Baker Wilbraham 7th Baronet was born to Philip Wilbraham Baker Wilbraham 6th Baronet (age 30) and Joyce Christabel Kennaway Lady Wilbraham (age 29).
On 31 Mar 1920 Deborah Vivien Mitford Duchess Devonshire was born to David Freeman-Mitford 2nd Baron Redesdale (age 42) and Sydney Bowles (age 40).
On 31 Mar 1924 David Fane 15th Earl of Westmoreland was born to Vere Fane 14th Earl of Westmoreland (age 31) and Diana Lister Countess of Westmoreland (age 31).
On 31 Mar 1924 Henry Edward Cubitt 4th Baron Ashcombe was born to Roland Cubitt 3rd Baron Ashcombe (age 25) and Sonia Rosemary Keppel (age 23).
On 31 Mar 1926 Michael Brudenell-Bruce 8th Marquess of Ailesbury was born to Cedric Brudenell-Bruce 7th Marquess of Ailesbury (age 22).
On 31 Mar 1929 William Anthony Furness 2nd Viscount Furness was born to Marmaduke Furness 1st Viscount Furness (age 45) and Thelma Morgan Viscountess Furness (age 24).
On 31 Mar 1978 Alexander Douglas Douglas-Hamilton 16th Duke of Hamilton 13th Duke Brandon was born to Angus Douglas-Hamilton 15th Duke of Hamilton 12th Duke Brandon (age 39).
Marriages on the 31st March
After 31 Mar 1540 Anthony Browne (age 40) and Elizabeth "The Fair Geraldine" Fitzgerald Countess Lincoln (age 13) were married. The difference in their ages was 27 years. She the daughter of Gerald Fitzgerald 9th Earl of Kildare and Elizabeth Grey Countess Kildare (age 43). They were second cousin once removed. He a great x 4 grandson of King Edward III of England. She a great x 5 granddaughter of King Edward III of England.
On 31 Mar 1577 Adrian Vanson and Susanna de Colonia were married.
On 31 Mar 1661 Philip Bourbon I Duke Orléans (age 20) and Princess Henrietta Stewart Duchess Orléans (age 16) were married. She by marriage Duchess Orléans. She the daughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and Henrietta Maria Bourbon Queen Consort England (age 51). He the son of Louis XIII King France and Anne of Austria Spain Queen Consort France (age 59). They were first cousins.
On 31 Mar 1662 Charles Stewart 6th Duke Lennox 3rd Duke Richmond (age 23) and Margaret Banastre Duchess of Richmond were married. She by marriage Duchess Richmond.
On 31 Mar 1770 Edwin Lascelles 1st Baron Harewood (age 57) and Jane Coleman Baroness Harewood (age 39) were married.
On 31 Mar 1795 Henry Vaughan aka Halford 1st Baronet (age 28) and Elizabeth Barbara St John Lady Halford (age 33) were married.
Before 31 Mar 1797 John Trevelyan 5th Baronet (age 36) and Maria Wilson (age 25) were married.
On 31 Mar 1800 Francis Osborne 1st Baron Godolphin (age 22) and Elizabeth Charlotte Eden Baroness Godolphin (age 20) were married. He the son of Francis Osborne 5th Duke Leeds and Amelia Darcy 12th Baroness Darcy 9th Baroness Conyers. He a great x 5 grandson of King James I of England and Ireland and VI of Scotland.
On 31 Mar 1829 William Brodrick (age 30) and Harriet Brodrick were married. They were first cousins.
On 31 Mar 1874 William Michael Rossetti (age 44) and Emma Lucy Madox Brown (age 30) were married. She the daughter of Ford Madox Brown (age 52) and Elizabeth Bromley.
Deaths on the 31st March
On 31 Mar 1295 Robert Bruce 5th Lord Annandale (age 80) died. He was buried at Gisborough Priory [Map]. His son Robert Bruce Earl Carrick (age 51) succeeded 6th Lord Annandale.
On 31 Mar 1547 King Francis I of France (age 52) died. His son King Henry II of France (age 28) succeeded II King France: Capet Valois Angoulême.
On 31 Mar 1552 Elizabeth Hart Baroness Cobham (age 77) died.
On 31 Mar 1567 Landgrave Philip I of Hesse (age 62) died.
On 31 Mar 1621 Philip III King Spain (age 42) died. His son Philip IV King Spain (age 15) succeeded IV King Spain.
On 31 Mar 1631 John Donne (age 59) died.
Before 31 Mar 1646 Elizabeth Howard Countess Carrick (age 82) died at Greenwich, Kent [Map]. She was buried On 31 Mar 1646.
On 31 Mar 1649 Anne Cave Lady Tufton died.
On 31 Mar 1652 Bernardino Fernández de Velasco 6th Duke of Frías (age 43) died.
On 31 Mar 1664 Charlotte Thouars Countess Derby (age 64) died.
On 31 Mar 1671 Anne Hyde Queen Consort England (age 34) died.
On 31 Mar 1675 George Stonhouse 1st and 3rd Baronet (age 71) died. His son George Stonhouse 4th Baronet (age 37) succeeded 4th Baronet Stonhouse of Radley. His son John Stonhouse 2nd Baronet (age 36) succeeded 2nd Baronet Stonhouse of Radley.
On 31 Mar 1682 John Freschville 1st Baron Frescheville (age 74) died. Baron Frescheville of Staveley extinct. The last of the male line of Freschville. He was buried in St John the Baptist's Church, Staveley [Map] where his third wife Anna Charlotte De Vic commissioned a monument. Sarcophagus with seated putti.
Anna Charlotte De Vic: she was born to Henry de Vic. In Dec 1666 John Freschville 1st Baron Frescheville and she were married. On 12 Nov 1717 she died.
On 31 Mar 1712 Frances Wilhelmina Bentinck Baroness Byron (age 28) died.
On 31 Mar 1723 Edward Hyde 3rd Earl Clarendon (age 61) died. His first cousin Henry Hyde 2nd Earl Rochester 4th Earl Clarendon (age 50) succeeded 4th Earl Clarendon, 4th Baron Hyde of Hindon in Wiltshire 1660. Jane Leveson-Gower Countess Rochester and Clarendon by marriage Countess Clarendon.
In 31 Mar 1725 Henry Boyle 1st Baron Carleton (age 55) died unmarried. Baron Carleton extinct.
On 31 Mar 1751 Frederick Louis Hanover Prince of Wales (age 44) died at Leicester House.
On 31 Mar 1777 (Easter Monday) Bishop Richard Terrick (age 67) died.
On 31 Mar 1791 Ralph Verney 2nd Earl Verney (age 77) died. Earl Verney, Viscount Fermanagh, Baron Verney of Belturbet in Cavan, Baronet Verney of Middle Claydon in Buckinghamshire extinct.
On 31 Mar 1807 Elizabeth Meade Countess Mayo died.
On 31 Mar 1817 Frances Scott Baroness Douglas (age 66) died.
On 31 Mar 1821 Thomas Charles Bunbury 6th Baronet (age 80) died. His nephew Henry Edward Bunbury 7th Baronet (age 43) succeeded 7th Baronet Bunbury of Bunbury in Oxfordshire and Stanney Hall in Cheshire.
On 31 Mar 1836 Bishop Henry Dudley Ryder (age 58) died.
On 31 Mar 1837 John Constable (age 60) died.
On 31 Mar 1840 John Cole 2nd Earl Enniskillen (age 72) died. His son William Willoughby Cole 3rd Earl Enniskillen (age 33) succeeded 3rd Earl Enniskillen, 2nd Baron Grinstead of Grinstead in Wiltshire.
On 31 Mar 1847 William Eardley-Twisleton-Fiennes 9th or 15th Baron Saye and Sele (age 48) died. His first cousin Frederick Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes 10th or 16th Baron Saye and Sele (age 47) succeeded 10th or 16th Baron Saye and Sele.
On 31 Mar 1850 Thomas Parker 5th Earl Macclesfield (age 87) died. His son Thomas Parker 6th Earl Macclesfield (age 39) succeeded 6th Earl Macclesfield.
On 31 Mar 1857 Hester "Queenie" Thrale Viscountess Keith (age 92) died.
On 31 Mar 1858 George Sholto Douglas 17th Earl Morton (age 68) died. His son Sholto Douglas 18th Earl Morton (age 40) succeeded 18th Earl Morton. Alice Anne Lambton Countess Morton (age 26) by marriage Countess Morton.
On 31 Mar 1863 Henry Cavendish 3rd Baron Waterpark (age 69) died. His son Henry Anson Cavendish 4th Baron Waterpark (age 23) succeeded 4th Baron Waterpark, 5th Baronet Cavendish of Doveridge Hall.
YBcJrZjKOn 31 Mar 1874 Arthur Hill 5th Marquess Downshire (age 29) died. His son Arthur Hill 6th Marquess of Downshire (age 2) succeeded 6th Marquess Downshire.
On 31 Mar 1886 Edward Gordon Douglas Pennant 1st Baron Penrhyn (age 85) died. His son George Sholto Douglas Pennant 2nd Baron Penrhyn (age 49) succeeded 2nd Baron Penrhyn of Llandegai in Carnarvonshire.
On 31 Mar 1891 Granville Leveson-Gower 2nd Earl Granville (age 75) died. His son Granville Leveson-Gower 3rd Earl Granville (age 19) succeeded 3rd Earl Granville, 3rd Viscount Granville.
On 31 Mar 1898 Henry Charles Howard 18th Earl Suffolk 11th Earl Berkshire (age 64) died. His son Henry Molyneux Paget Howard 19th Earl Suffolk 12th Earl Berkshire (age 20) succeeded 19th Earl Suffolk, 12th Earl Berkshire.
On 31 Mar 1899 William Copeland Borlase (age 50) died.
On 31 Mar 1905 Louisa Jane Russell Duchess Abercorn (age 92) died.
On 31 Mar 1914 Hubert Von Herkomer (age 65) died.
On 31 Mar 1915 Nathan Meyer 1st Baron Rothschild (age 74) died. His son Walter Rothschild 2nd Baron Rothschild (age 47) succeeded 2nd Baron Rothschild of Tring in Hertfordshire, 3rd Baronet Rothschild of Tring Park in Hertfordshire.
On 31 Mar 1941 William Bruce Ellis Ranken (age 59) died.
On 31 Mar 1946 John Standish Surtees Prendergast 6th Viscount Gort (age 59) died.
On 31 Mar 1948 William Smith 3rd Viscount Hambleden (age 44) died. His son William Smith 4th Viscount Hambleden (age 17) succeeded 4th Viscount Hambleden of Hambleden in Buckinghamshire.
On 31 Mar 1993 Ailwyn Fellowes 3rd Baron de Ramsey (age 83) died. His son John Fellowes 4th Baron de Ramsey (age 51) succeeded 4th Baron Ramsey of Ramsey Abbey in Huntingdonshire.
On 31 Mar 2009 Sacheverell Reresby Sitwell 7th Baronet (age 81) died. His nephew George Reresby Sacheverell Sitwell 8th Baronet (age 41) succeeded 8th Baronet Sitwell of Renishaw Hall in Derbyshire. As a consequence of a falling out with his brother Francis Trajan Sacheverell Sitwell he left Renishaw Hall [Map] to his daughter Alexandra Sitwell (age 51).